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# AI Agent Notes
## Canonical AI References
- Use `docs/ai_language_reference.md` as the primary, compiler-verified Lyng language reference for code generation.
- For generics-heavy code generation, follow `docs/ai_language_reference.md` section `7.1 Generics Runtime Model and Bounds` and `7.2 Differences vs Java / Kotlin / Scala`.
- Use `docs/ai_stdlib_reference.md` for default runtime/module APIs and stdlib surface.
- Treat `LYNG_AI_SPEC.md` and older docs as secondary if they conflict with the two files above.
- Prefer the shortest clear loop: use `for` for straightforward iteration/ranges; use `while` only when loop state/condition is irregular or changes in ways `for` cannot express cleanly.
- In Lyng code, slice strings with range indexing (`text[a..<b]`, `text[..<n]`, `text[n..]`) and avoid Java/Kotlin-style `substring(...)`.
## Lyng-First API Declarations
- Use `.lyng` declarations as the single source of truth for Lyng-facing API docs and types (especially module extern declarations).
- Prefer defining Lyng entities (enums/classes/type shapes) in `.lyng` files; only define them in Kotlin when there is Kotlin/platform-specific implementation detail that cannot be expressed in Lyng.
- Avoid hardcoding Lyng API documentation in Kotlin registrars when it can be declared in `.lyng`; Kotlin-side docs should be fallback/bridge only.
- For mixed pluggable modules (Lyng + Kotlin), embed module `.lyng` sources as generated Kotlin string literals, evaluate them into module scope during registration, then attach Kotlin implementations/bindings.
## Kotlin/Wasm generation guardrails
- Avoid creating suspend lambdas for compiler runtime statements. Prefer explicit `object : Statement()` with `override suspend fun execute(...)`.
- Do not use `statement { ... }` or other inline suspend lambdas in compiler hot paths (e.g., parsing/var declarations, initializer thunks).
- If you need a wrapper for delegated properties, check for `getValue` explicitly and return a concrete `Statement` object when missing; avoid `onNotFoundResult` lambdas.
- For any code in `commonMain`, verify it is Kotlin Multiplatform compatible before finishing. Do not use JVM-only APIs or Java-backed convenience methods such as `Map.putIfAbsent`; prefer stdlib/common equivalents and run at least the relevant compile/test task that exercises the `commonMain` source set.
- If wasmJs browser tests hang, first run `:lynglib:wasmJsNodeTest` and look for wasm compilation errors; hangs usually mean module instantiation failed.
- Do not increase test timeouts to mask wasm generation errors; fix the invalid IR instead.
## Type inference notes (notes/new_lyng_type_system_spec.md)
- Nullability is Kotlin-style: `T` non-null, `T?` nullable, `!!` asserts non-null.
- `void` is a singleton of class `Void` (syntax sugar for return type).
- Object members are always allowed even on unknown types; non-Object members require explicit casts. Remove `inspect` from Object and use `toInspectString()` instead.
- Type expression checks: `x is T` is value instance check; `T1 is T2` is type-subset; `A in T` means `A` is subset of `T`; `==` is structural type equality.
- Type aliases: `type Name = TypeExpr` (generic allowed) expand to their underlying type expressions; no nominal distinctness.
- Bounds and variance: `T: A & B` / `T: A | B` for bounds; declaration-site variance with `out` / `in`.
- Do not reintroduce bytecode fallback opcodes (e.g., `GET_NAME`, `EVAL_*`, `CALL_FALLBACK`) or runtime name-resolution fallbacks; all symbol resolution must stay compile-time only.
## Bytecode frame-first migration plan
- Treat frame slots as the only storage for locals/temps by default; avoid pre-creating scope slot mappings for compiled functions.
- Create closure references only when a capture is detected; use a direct frame+slot reference (foreign slot ref) instead of scope slots.
- Keep Scope as a lazy reflection facade: resolve name -> slot only on demand for Kotlin interop (no eager name mapping on every call).
- Avoid PUSH_SCOPE/POP_SCOPE in bytecode for loops/functions unless dynamic name access or Kotlin reflection is requested.
## ABI proposal notes
- Runtime generic metadata for generic extern classes is tracked in `proposals/extern_generic_runtime_abi.md`.
- Keep this design `Obj`-centric: do not assume extern-class values are `ObjInstance`; collection must be enabled on `ObjClass`.

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## Changelog
### Unreleased
- Language: Refined `protected` visibility rules
- Ancestor classes can now access `protected` members of their descendants, provided the ancestor also defines or inherits a member with the same name (indicating an override of a member known to the ancestor).
- This allows patterns where a base class calls a `protected` method that is implemented in a subclass.
- Fixed a regression where self-calls to unmangled members sometimes bypassed visibility checks incorrectly; these are now handled by the refined logic.
- Language: Added `return` statement
- `return [expression]` exits the innermost enclosing callable (function or lambda).
- Supports non-local returns using `@label` syntax (e.g., `return@outer 42`).
- Named functions automatically provide their name as a label for non-local returns.
- Labeled lambdas: lambdas can be explicitly labeled using `@label { ... }`.
- Restriction: `return` is forbidden in shorthand function definitions (e.g., `fun f(x) = return x` is a syntax error).
- Control Flow: `return` and `break` are now protected from being caught by user-defined `try-catch` blocks in Lyng.
- Documentation: New `docs/return_statement.md` and updated `tutorial.md`.
- Language: stdlib improvements
- Added `with(self, block)` function to `root.lyng` which executes a block with `this` set to the provided object.
- Language: Abstract Classes and Interfaces
- Support for `abstract` modifier on classes, methods, and variables.
- Introduced `interface` as a synonym for `abstract class`, supporting full state (constructors, fields, `init` blocks) and implementation by parts via MI.
- New `closed` modifier (antonym to `open`) to prevent overriding class members.
- Refined `override` logic: mandatory keyword when re-declaring members that exist in the ancestor chain (MRO).
- MI Satisfaction: Abstract requirements are automatically satisfied by matching concrete members found later in the C3 MRO chain without requiring explicit proxy methods.
- Integration: Updated highlighters (lynglib, lyngweb, IDEA plugin), IDEA completion, and Grazie grammar checking.
- Documentation: Updated `docs/OOP.md` with sections on "Abstract Classes and Members", "Interfaces", and "Overriding and Virtual Dispatch".
- IDEA plugin: Improved natural language support and spellchecking
- Disabled the limited built-in English and Technical dictionaries.
- Enforced usage of the platform's standard Natural Languages (Grazie) and Spellchecker components.
- Integrated `SpellCheckerManager` for word suggestions and validation, respecting users' personal and project dictionaries.
- Added project-specific "learned words" support via `Lyng Formatter` settings and quick-fixes.
- Enhanced fallback spellchecker for technical terms and Lyng-specific vocabulary.
- Language: Class properties with accessors
- Support for `val` (read-only) and `var` (read-write) properties in classes.
- Syntax: `val name [ : Type ] get() { body }` or `var name [ : Type ] get() { body } set(value) { body }`.
- Laconic Expression Shorthand: `val prop get() = expression` and `var prop get() = read set(v) = write`.
- Properties are pure accessors and do **not** have automatic backing fields.
- Validation: `var` properties must have both accessors; `val` must have only a getter.
- Integration: Updated TextMate grammar and IntelliJ plugin (highlighting + keywords).
- Documentation: New "Properties" section in `docs/OOP.md`.
- Language: Restricted Setter Visibility
- Support for `private set` and `protected set` modifiers on `var` fields and properties.
- Allows members to be publicly readable but only writable from within the declaring class or its subclasses.
- Enforcement at runtime: throws `AccessException` on unauthorized writes.
- Supported only for declarations in class bodies (fields and properties).
- Documentation: New "Restricted Setter Visibility" section in `docs/OOP.md`.
- Language: Late-initialized `val` fields in classes
- Support for declaring `val` without an immediate initializer in class bodies.
- Compulsory initialization: every late-init `val` must be assigned at least once within the class body or an `init` block.
- Write-once enforcement: assigning to a `val` is allowed only if its current value is `Unset`.
- Access protection: reading a late-init `val` before it is assigned returns the `Unset` singleton; using `Unset` for most operations throws an `UnsetException`.
- Extension properties do not support late-init.
- Documentation: New "Late-initialized `val` fields" and "The `Unset` singleton" sections in `docs/OOP.md`.
- Docs: OOP improvements
- New page: `docs/scopes_and_closures.md` detailing `ClosureScope` resolution order, recursion‑safe helpers (`chainLookupIgnoreClosure`, `chainLookupWithMembers`, `baseGetIgnoreClosure`), cycle prevention, and capturing lexical environments for callbacks (`snapshotForClosure`).
- Updated: `docs/advanced_topics.md` (link to the new page), `docs/parallelism.md` (closures in `launch`/`flow`), `docs/OOP.md` (visibility from closures with preserved `currentClassCtx`), `docs/exceptions_handling.md` (compatibility alias `SymbolNotFound`).
- Tutorial: added quick link to Scopes and Closures.
- IDEA plugin: Lightweight autocompletion (experimental)
- Global completion: local declarations, in‑scope parameters, imported modules, and stdlib symbols.
- Member completion: after a dot, suggests only members of the inferred receiver type (incl. chained calls like `Path(".." ).lines().``Iterator` methods). No global identifiers appear after a dot.
- Inheritance-aware: direct class members first, then inherited (e.g., `List` includes `Collection`/`Iterable` methods).
- Heuristics: handles literals (`"…"``String`, numbers → `Int/Real`, `[...]``List`, `{...}``Dict`) and static `Namespace.` members.
- Performance: capped results, early prefix filtering, per‑document MiniAst cache, cancellation checks.
- Toggle: Settings | Lyng Formatter → "Enable Lyng autocompletion (experimental)" (default ON).
- Stabilization: DEBUG completion/Quick Doc logs are OFF by default; behavior aligned between IDE and isolated engine tests.
- Language: Named arguments and named splats
- New call-site syntax for named arguments using colon: `name: value`.
- Positional arguments must come before named; positionals after a named argument inside parentheses are rejected.
- Trailing-lambda interaction: if the last parameter is already assigned by name (or via a named splat), a trailing `{ ... }` block is illegal.
- Named splats: `...` can now expand a Map into named arguments.
- Only string keys are allowed; non-string keys raise a clear error.
- Duplicate assignment across named args and named splats is an error.
- Ellipsis (variadic) parameters remain positional-only and cannot be named.
- Rationale: `=` is assignment and an expression in Lyng; `:` at call sites avoids ambiguity. Declarations keep `name: Type`; call-site casts continue to use `as` / `as?`.
- Documentation updated: proposals and declaring-arguments sections now cover named args/splats and error cases.
- Tests added covering success cases and errors for named args/splats and trailing-lambda interactions.
- Tooling: Highlighters and TextMate bundle updated for named args
- Website/editor highlighter (lyngweb + site) works with `name: value` and `...Map("k" => v)`; added JS tests covering punctuation/operator spans for `:` and `...`.
- TextMate grammar updated to recognize named call arguments: `name: value` after `(` or `,` with `name` highlighted as `variable.parameter.named.lyng` and `:` as punctuation; excludes `::`.
- TextMate bundle version bumped to 0.0.3; README updated with details and guidance.
- Multiple Inheritance (MI) completed and enabled by default:
- Active C3 Method Resolution Order (MRO) for deterministic, monotonic lookup across complex hierarchies and diamonds.
- Qualified dispatch:
- `this@Type.member(...)` inside class bodies starts lookup at the specified ancestor.
- Cast-based disambiguation: `(expr as Type).member(...)`, `(expr as? Type)?.member(...)` (works with existing safe-call `?.`).
- Field inheritance (`val`/`var`) under MI:
- Instance storage is disambiguated per declaring class; unqualified read/write resolves to the first match in MRO.
- Qualified read/write targets the chosen ancestor’s storage.
- Constructors and initialization:
- Direct bases are initialized left-to-right; each ancestor is initialized at most once (diamond-safe de-duplication).
- Header-specified constructor arguments are passed to direct bases.
- Visibility enforcement under MI:
- `private` visible only inside the declaring class body.
- `protected` visible inside the declaring class and its transitive subclasses. Additionally, ancestor classes can access protected members of their descendants if it's an override of a member known to the ancestor. Unrelated contexts cannot access it (qualification/casts do not bypass).
- Diagnostics improvements:
- Missing member/field messages include receiver class and linearization order; hints for `this@Type` or casts when helpful.
- Invalid `this@Type` reports that the qualifier is not an ancestor and shows the receiver lineage.
- `as`/`as?` cast errors include actual and target type names.
- Documentation updated (docs/OOP.md and tutorial quick-start) to reflect MI with active C3 MRO.
Notes:
- Existing single-inheritance code continues to work; resolution reduces to the single base.
- If code previously relied on non-deterministic parent set iteration, C3 MRO provides a predictable order; disambiguate explicitly if needed using `this@Type`/casts.
# Changelog
This file tracks user-visible Lyng language/runtime/tooling changes.
History note:
- The project had periods where changelog maintenance lagged behind commits.
- Entries below are synchronized and curated for `1.5.x`.
- Earlier history may be incomplete and should be cross-checked with git tags/commits when needed.
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
## Unreleased
### Database access
- Added the portable `lyng.io.db` SQL contract and the first concrete provider, `lyng.io.db.sqlite`.
- Added SQLite support on JVM and Linux Native with:
- generic `openDatabase("sqlite:...")` dispatch
- typed `openSqlite(...)` helper
- real nested transactions via savepoints
- generated keys through `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`
- strict schema-driven value conversion for `Bool`, `Decimal`, `Date`, `DateTime`, and `Instant`
- documented option handling for `readOnly`, `createIfMissing`, `foreignKeys`, and `busyTimeoutMillis`
- Added public docs for database usage and SQLite provider behavior.
- CLI: Added `fmt` as a first-class Clikt subcommand.
- Default behavior: formats files to stdout (no in-place edits by default).
- Options:
- `--check`: check only; print files that would change; exit with code 2 if any changes are needed.
- `-i, --in-place`: write formatted result back to files.
- `--spacing`: apply spacing normalization.
- `--wrap`, `--wrapping`: enable line wrapping.
- Mutually exclusive: `--check` and `--in-place` together now produce an error and exit with code 1.
- Multi-file stdout prints headers `--- <path> ---` per file.
- `lyng --help` shows `fmt`; `lyng fmt --help` displays dedicated help.
- Fix: Property accessors (`get`, `set`, `private set`, `protected set`) are now correctly indented relative to the property declaration.
- Fix: Indentation now correctly carries over into blocks that start on extra‑indented lines (e.g., nested `if` statements or property accessor bodies).
- Fix: Formatting Markdown files no longer deletes content in `.lyng` code fences and works correctly with injected files (resolves clobbering, `StringIndexOutOfBoundsException`, and `nonempty text is not covered by block` errors).
### Time
- Added `Date` to `lyng.time` and the core library as a first-class calendar-date type.
- Added `Instant.toDate(...)`, `DateTime.date`, `DateTime.toDate()`, `Date.toDateTime(...)`, and related date arithmetic.
- Added docs, stdlib reference updates, serialization support, and comprehensive tests for `Date`.
- CLI: Preserved legacy script invocation fast-paths:
- `lyng script.lyng [args...]` executes the script directly.
- `lyng -- -file.lyng [args...]` executes a script whose name begins with `-`.
### Release notes
- Full `:lyngio:jvmTest` and `:lyngio:linuxX64Test` pass on the release tree after SQLite hardening.
## 1.5.4 (2026-04-03)
### Runtime and compiler stability
- Stabilized the recent `piSpigot` benchmark/compiler work for release.
- Fixed numeric-mix regressions introduced by overly broad int-coercion in bytecode compilation.
- Restored correct behavior for decimal arithmetic, mixed real/int flows, list literals, list size checks, and national-character script cases.
- Fixed plain-list index fast paths so they no longer bypass subclass behavior such as `ObservableList` hooks and flow notifications.
- Hardened local numeric compare fast paths to correctly handle primitive-coded frame slots.
### Performance and examples
- Added `piSpigot` benchmark/example coverage:
- `examples/pi-test.lyng`
- `examples/pi-bench.lyng`
- JVM benchmark test for release-baseline verification
- Kept the safe list/index/runtime wins that improve the optimized `piSpigot` path without reintroducing type-unsound coercions.
- Changed the default `RVAL_FASTPATH` setting off on JVM/Android and in the benchmark preset after verification that it no longer helps the stabilized `piSpigot` workload.
### Release notes
- Full JVM and wasm test gates pass on the release tree.
- Benchmark findings and remaining post-release optimization targets are documented in `notes/pi_spigot_benchmark_baseline_2026-04-03.md`.
## 1.5.1 (2026-03-25)
### Language
- Added string interpolation:
- `"$name"` identifier interpolation.
- `"${expr}"` expression interpolation.
- Added literal-dollar forms in strings:
- `"\$"` -> `$`
- `"$$"` -> `$`
- `\\$x` is parsed as backslash + interpolation of `x`.
- Added per-file interpolation opt-out via leading directive comment:
- `// feature: interpolation: off`
### Docs and AI references
- Updated compiler-accurate AI language docs:
- interpolation syntax and escaping
- per-file feature switch behavior
- Refreshed tutorial examples and doctests to reflect new interpolation semantics.
- Added/reworked current proposal/reference materials for Lyng common-platform guidance.
### Compatibility notes
- Interpolation is enabled by default for normal string literals.
- Existing code that intentionally used `$name` as literal text should use `\$name`, `$$name`, or the file directive `// feature: interpolation: off`.
## 1.5.0 (2026-03-22)
### Major runtime/compiler direction
- Completed migration to bytecode-first/bytecode-only execution paths.
- Removed interpreter fallback behavior in core execution hot paths.
- Continued frame-slot-first local/capture model improvements and related diagnostics.
### Language features and semantics
- Added/finished `return` semantics including labeled non-local forms (`return@label`).
- Added abstract classes/members and `interface` support (as abstract-class-style construct).
- Completed and enabled multiple inheritance with C3 MRO by default.
- Added class properties with accessors (`get`/`set`) and restricted setter visibility (`private set`, `protected set`).
- Added late-initialized class `val` support with `Unset` protection rules.
- Added named arguments (`name: value`) and named splats (`...map`) with stricter validation.
- Added assign-if-null operator `?=`.
- Improved nullable/type-checking behavior (including `T is nullable` and related type checks).
- Added variadic function types (`...` in function type declarations) and tighter lambda type checks.
### Type system and collections
- Added immutable collections hierarchy (`ImmutableList`, `ImmutableSet`, `ImmutableMap`).
- Improved generic runtime binding/checking for explicit type arguments and bounds.
- Added smarter type-aware collection ops (`+=`, `-=`) and stronger declared-member type checks.
### Extern/Kotlin bridge
- Tightened extern declaration rules:
- explicit extern members are required for extern class/object declarations.
- Improved extern generic class behavior and diagnostics.
- Extended bridge APIs for binding global functions/variables and object/member interop scenarios.
### Standard library and modules
- Added `lyng.observable` improvements (`ObservableList` hooks/events).
- Added `Random` stdlib API used by updated samples.
- Added/extended `lyngio.console` support and CLI integration for console interaction.
- Migrated time APIs to `kotlin.time` (`Instant` migration and related docs/tests).
### CLI, IDE, and docs/tooling
- CLI:
- added first-class `fmt` command
- preserved direct script fast-path invocation
- improved command help/dispatch behavior
- IntelliJ plugin:
- improved lightweight completion and documentation/inspection behavior
- continued highlighter and Grazie/spellchecking integration work
- Docs:
- substantial updates across tutorial/OOP/type/runtime references
- expanded bytecode and advanced topics coverage
## Migration checklist for 1.5.x
- If you rely on literal `$...` strings:
- replace with `\$...` or `$$...`, or
- add `// feature: interpolation: off` at file top.
- Review any code relying on interpreter-era fallback behavior; 1.5.x assumes bytecode-first execution.
- For extern declarations, ensure members are explicitly declared where required.
- For named arguments/splats, verify call sites follow stricter ordering/duplication rules.
- CLI: Fixed a regression where the root help banner could print before subcommands.
- Root command no longer prints help when a subcommand (e.g., `fmt`) is invoked.

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# Lyng Language AI Specification (V1.5.0-SNAPSHOT)
# Lyng Language AI Specification (V1.3)
High-density specification for LLMs. Reference this for all Lyng code generation.
## 1. Core Philosophy & Syntax
- **Everything is an Expression**: Blocks, `if`, `when`, `for`, `while`, `do-while` return their last expression (or `void`).
- **Static Types + Inference**: Every declaration has a compile-time type (explicit or inferred). Types are Kotlin‑style: non‑null by default, nullable with `?`.
- **Loops with `else`**: `for`, `while`, and `do-while` support an optional `else` block.
- `else` executes **only if** the loop finishes normally (without a `break`).
- `break <value>` exits the loop and sets its return value.
@ -14,14 +13,12 @@ High-density specification for LLMs. Reference this for all Lyng code generation
3. Result of the last iteration (if loop finished normally and no `else`).
4. `void` (if loop body never executed and no `else`).
- **Implicit Coroutines**: All functions are coroutines. No `async/await`. Use `launch { ... }` (returns `Deferred`) or `flow { ... }`.
- **Functions**: Use `fun` or the short form `fn`. Function declarations are expressions returning a callable.
- **Variables**: `val` (read-only), `var` (mutable). Supports late-init `val` in classes (must be assigned in `init` or body).
- **Serialization**: Use `@Transient` attribute before `val`/`var` or constructor parameters to exclude them from Lynon/JSON serialization. Transient fields are also ignored during `==` structural equality checks.
- **Null Safety**: `?` (nullable type), `?.` (safe access), `?( )` (safe invoke), `?{ }` (safe block invoke), `?[ ]` (safe index), `?:` or `??` (elvis), `?=` (assign-if-null).
- **Equality**: `==` (equals), `!=` (not equals), `===` (ref identity), `!==` (ref not identity).
- **Comparison**: `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`, `<=>` (shuttle/spaceship, returns -1, 0, 1).
- **Destructuring**: `val [a, b, rest...] = list`. Supports nested `[a, [b, c]]` and splats.
- **Compile-Time Resolution Only**: All names/members must resolve at compile time. No runtime name lookup or fallback opcodes.
## 2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- **Multiple Inheritance**: Supported with **C3 MRO** (Python-style). Diamond-safe.
@ -40,27 +37,6 @@ High-density specification for LLMs. Reference this for all Lyng code generation
- **Disambiguation**: `this@Base.member()` or `(obj as Base).member()`. `as` returns a qualified view.
- **Abstract/Interface**: `interface` is a synonym for `abstract class`. Both support state and constructors.
- **Extensions**: `fun Class.ext()` or `val Class.ext get = ...`. Scope-isolated.
- **Member Access**: Object members (`toString`, `toInspectString`, `let`, `also`, `apply`, `run`) are allowed on unknown types; all other members require a statically known receiver type or explicit cast.
## 2.1 Type System (2026)
- **Root Type**: Everything is an `Object` (root of the hierarchy).
- **Nullability**: Non-null by default (`T`), nullable with `T?`, `!!` asserts non-null.
- **Untyped params**: `fun foo(x)` -> `x: Object`, `fun foo(x?)` -> `x: Object?`.
- **Untyped vars**: `var x` is `Unset` until first assignment locks the type (including nullability).
- `val x = null` -> type `Null`; `var x = null` -> type `Object?`.
- **Inference**:
- List literals infer union element types; empty list defaults to `List<Object>` unless constrained.
- Map literals infer key/value types; empty map defaults to `Map<Object, Object>` unless constrained.
- Mixed numeric ops promote `Int` + `Real` to `Real`.
- **Type aliases**: `type Name = TypeExpr` (generic allowed). Aliases expand to their underlying type expressions (no nominal distinctness).
- **Generics**: Bounds with `T: A & B` or `T: A | B`; variance uses `out`/`in` (declaration‑site only).
- **Casts**: `as` is a runtime-checked cast; `as?` is safe-cast returning `null`. If the value is nullable, `as T` implies `!!`.
## 2.2 Type Expressions and Checks
- **Value checks**: `x is T` (runtime instance check).
- **Type checks**: `T1 is T2` and `A in T` are subset checks between type expressions (compile-time where possible).
- **Type equality**: `T1 == T2` is structural (unions/intersections are order‑insensitive).
- **Compile-time enforcement**: Bounds are checked at call sites; runtime checks only appear when the compile‑time type is too general.
## 3. Delegation (`by`)
Unified model for `val`, `var`, and `fun`.
@ -87,11 +63,11 @@ Delegate Methods:
- **Collections**: `List` ( `[a, b]` ), `Map` ( `Map(k => v)` ), `Set` ( `Set(a, b)` ). `MapEntry` ( `k => v` ).
## 5. Patterns & Shorthands
- **Map Literals**: `{ key: value, identifier: }` (identifier shorthand `x:` is `x: x`). Empty map is `{:}`.
- **Map Literals**: `{ key: value, identifier: }` (identifier shorthand `x:` is `x: x`). Empty map is `Map()`.
- **Named Arguments**: `fun(y: 10, x: 5)`. Shorthand: `Point(x:, y:)`.
- **Varargs & Splats**: `fun f(args...)`, `f(...otherList)`.
- **Labels**: `loop@ for(x in list) { if(x == 0) break@loop }`.
- **Dynamic**: `val d = dynamic { get { name -> ... } }` allows `d.anyName` via explicit dynamic handler (not implicit fallback).
- **Dynamic**: `val d = dynamic { get { name -> ... } }` allows `d.anyName`.
## 6. Operators & Methods to Overload
| Op | Method | Op | Method |

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# Lyng: ideal scripting for kotlin multiplatform
## Important: this is an obsolete, no-JIT version for security patches, etc. The mainline is in master branch.
-------------
__Please visit the project homepage: [https://lynglang.com](https://lynglang.com) and a [telegram channel](https://t.me/lynglang).__
__Main development site:__ [https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng)
@ -25,16 +30,6 @@ Point(x:, y:).dist() //< 5
fun swapEnds(first, args..., last, f) {
f( last, ...args, first)
}
class A {
class B(x?)
object Inner { val foo = "bar" }
enum E* { One, Two }
}
val ab = A.B()
assertEquals(null, ab.x)
assertEquals("bar", A.Inner.foo)
assertEquals(A.E.One, A.One)
```
- extremely simple Kotlin integration on any platform (JVM, JS, WasmJS, Lunux, MacOS, iOS, Windows)
@ -48,12 +43,8 @@ assertEquals(A.E.One, A.One)
- [Language home](https://lynglang.com)
- [introduction and tutorial](docs/tutorial.md) - start here please
- [Latest release notes (1.5.4)](docs/whats_new.md)
- [What's New in 1.5](docs/whats_new_1_5.md)
- [Testing and Assertions](docs/Testing.md)
- [Filesystem and Processes (lyngio)](docs/lyngio.md)
- [SQL Databases (lyng.io.db)](docs/lyng.io.db.md)
- [Time and Calendar Types](docs/time.md)
- [Return Statement](docs/return_statement.md)
- [Efficient Iterables in Kotlin Interop](docs/EfficientIterables.md)
- [Samples directory](docs/samples)
@ -66,7 +57,8 @@ assertEquals(A.E.One, A.One)
### Add dependency to your project
```kotlin
val lyngVersion = "1.5.4"
// update to current please:
val lyngVersion = "0.6.1-SNAPSHOT"
repositories {
// ...
@ -95,49 +87,42 @@ import net.sergeych.lyng.*
// we need a coroutine to start, as Lyng
// is a coroutine based language, async topdown
runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
assert(5 == session.eval(""" 3*3 - 4 """).toInt())
session.eval(""" println("Hello, Lyng!") """)
assert(5 == eval(""" 3*3 - 4 """).toInt())
eval(""" println("Hello, Lyng!") """)
}
```
### Exchanging information
The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`. It owns the script scope and any coroutines
started with `launch { ... }`. Create a session, grab its scope when you need low-level
binding APIs, then execute scripts through the session:
Script is executed over some `Scope`. Create instance,
add your specific vars and functions to it, and call:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.*
runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope().apply {
// simple function
addFn("sumOf") {
var sum = 0.0
for (a in args) sum += a.toDouble()
ObjReal(sum)
}
addConst("LIGHT_SPEED", ObjReal(299_792_458.0))
// callback back to kotlin to some suspend fn, for example::
// suspend fun doSomeWork(text: String): Int
addFn("doSomeWork") {
// this _is_ a suspend lambda, we can call suspend function,
// and it won't consume the thread.
// note that in kotlin handler, `args` is a list of `Obj` arguments
// and return value from this lambda should be Obj too:
doSomeWork(args[0]).toObj()
}
// simple function
val scope = Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("sumOf") {
var sum = 0.0
for (a in args) sum += a.toDouble()
ObjReal(sum)
}
addConst("LIGHT_SPEED", ObjReal(299_792_458.0))
// execute through the session:
session.eval("sumOf(1,2,3)") // <- 6
// callback back to kotlin to some suspend fn, for example::
// suspend fun doSomeWork(text: String): Int
addFn("doSomeWork") {
// this _is_ a suspend lambda, we can call suspend function,
// and it won't consume the thread.
// note that in kotlin handler, `args` is a list of `Obj` arguments
// and return value from this lambda should be Obj too:
doSomeWork(args[0]).toObj()
}
}
// adding constant:
scope.eval("sumOf(1,2,3)") // <- 6
```
Note that the session reuses one scope, so state persists across `session.eval(...)` calls.
Use raw `Scope.eval(...)` only when you intentionally want low-level control without session-owned coroutine lifecycle.
Note that the scope stores all changes in it so you can make calls on a single scope to preserve state between calls.
## IntelliJ IDEA plugin: Lightweight autocompletion (experimental)
@ -186,7 +171,8 @@ Designed to add scripting to kotlin multiplatform application in easy and effici
# Language Roadmap
The current stable release is **v1.5.4**: the 1.5 cycle is feature-complete, compiler/runtime stabilization work is in, and the language, tooling, and site are aligned around the current release.
We are now at **v1.0**: basic optimization performed, battery included: standard library is 90% here, initial
support in HTML, popular editors, and IDEA; tools to syntax highlight and format code are ready. It was released closed to schedule.
Ready features:
@ -223,21 +209,23 @@ Ready features:
- [x] assign-if-null operator `?=`
- [x] user-defined exception classes
All of this is documented on the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and locally in [docs/tutorial.md](docs/tutorial.md). The site reflects the current release, while development snapshots continue in the private Maven repository.
All of this is documented in the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and locally [docs/language.md](docs/tutorial.md). the current nightly builds published on the site and in the private maven repository.
## plan: towards v2.0 Next Generation
## plan: towards v1.5 Enhancing
- [x] site with integrated interpreter to give a try
- [x] kotlin part public API good docs, integration focused
- [x] type specifications
- [ ] type specifications
- [x] Textmate Bundle
- [x] IDEA plugin
- [x] source docs and maybe lyng.md to a standard
- [ ] source docs and maybe lyng.md to a standard
- [ ] metadata first class access from lyng
- [x] aggressive optimizations
- [ ] compile to JVM bytecode optimization
## After 1.5 "Ideal scripting"
* __we are here now ;)__
Estimated summer 2026
- propose your feature!
@ -245,12 +233,8 @@ All of this is documented on the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and local
@-links are for contacting authors on [project home](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng): this simplest s to open issue for the person you need to convey any information about this project.
<img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7e3a56ff8a090fc9ffbd1909dea94904?s=32&d=identicon" alt="Sergey Chernov" width="32" height="32" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5em;" /> <b>Sergey Chernov</b> @sergeych, real.sergeych@gmail.com: Initial idea and architecture, language concept, design, implementation.
<br/>
<img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/53a90bca30c85a81db8f0c0d8dea43a1?s=32&d=identicon" alt="Yulia Nezhinskaya" width="32" height="32" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5em;" /> <b>Yulia Nezhinskaya</b> @AlterEgoJuliaN, neleka88@gmail.com: System analysis, math and feature design.
__Sergey Chernov__ @sergeych: Initial idea and architecture, language concept, design, implementation.
__Yulia Nezhinskaya__ @AlterEgoJuliaN: System analysis, math and features design.
[parallelism]: docs/parallelism.md

View File

@ -20,12 +20,13 @@
set -e
echo "publishing all artifacts"
echo
./gradlew publishToMavenLocal site:jsBrowserDistribution publish buildInstallablePlugin :lyng:linkReleaseExecutableLinuxX64 :lyng:installJvmDist --parallel --no-configuration-cache
./gradlew publishToMavenLocal
./gradlew publish
#echo
#echo "Creating plugin"
#echo
#./gradlew buildInstallablePlugin
echo
echo "Creating plugin"
echo
./gradlew buildInstallablePlugin
echo
echo "building CLI tools"

View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
# Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -19,15 +19,13 @@
set -e
archive=./lyng/build/distributions/lyng-jvm.zip
install_root="$HOME/bin/jlyng-jvm"
launcher="$install_root/lyng-jvm/bin/lyng"
root=./lyng/build/install/lyng-jvm/
./gradlew :lyng:jvmDistZip
mkdir -p ./distributables
cp "$archive" ./distributables/lyng-jvm.zip
rm -rf "$install_root" || true
rm "$HOME/bin/jlyng" 2>/dev/null || true
mkdir -p "$install_root"
unzip -q ./distributables/lyng-jvm.zip -d "$install_root"
ln -s "$launcher" "$HOME/bin/jlyng"
./gradlew :lyng:installJvmDist
#strip $file
#upx $file
rm -rf ~/bin/jlyng-jvm || true
rm ~/bin/jlyng 2>/dev/null || true
mkdir -p ~/bin/jlyng-jvm
cp -R $root ~/bin/jlyng-jvm
ln -s ~/bin/jlyng-jvm/lyng-jvm/bin/lyng ~/bin/jlyng

View File

@ -35,27 +35,3 @@ tasks.register<Exec>("generateDocs") {
description = "Generates a single-file documentation HTML using bin/generate_docs.sh"
commandLine("./bin/generate_docs.sh")
}
// Sample generator task for .lyng.d definition files (not wired into build).
// Usage: ./gradlew generateLyngDefsSample
tasks.register("generateLyngDefsSample") {
group = "lyng"
description = "Generate a sample .lyng.d file under build/generated/lyng/defs"
outputs.dir(layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated/lyng/defs"))
doLast {
val outDir = layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated/lyng/defs").get().asFile
outDir.mkdirs()
val outFile = outDir.resolve("sample.lyng.d")
outFile.writeText(
"""
/** Generated API */
extern fun ping(): Int
/** Generated class */
class Generated(val name: String) {
fun greet(): String = "hi " + name
}
""".trimIndent()
)
}
}

View File

@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
# Array
It's an interface if the [Collection] that provides indexing access, like `array[3] = 0`.
Array therefore implements [Iterable] too. Well known implementations of `Array` are
[List] and [ImmutableList].
The language-level bracket syntax supports one or more selectors:
- `value[i]`
- `value[i, j]`
Concrete array-like types decide what selectors they accept. Built-in list-like arrays use one selector at a time; custom types such as matrices may interpret multiple selectors.
Array therefore implements [Iterable] too. The well known implementatino of the `Array` is
[List].
Array adds the following methods:
@ -42,4 +35,3 @@ To pre-sort and array use `Iterable.sorted*` or in-place `List.sort*` families,
[Collection]: Collection.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md
[List]: List.md
[ImmutableList]: ImmutableList.md

View File

@ -120,18 +120,17 @@ which is used in `toString`) and hex encoding:
## Members
| name | meaning | type |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------|---------------|
| `size` | size | Int |
| `decodeUtf8` | decode to String using UTF8 rules | Any |
| `+` | buffer concatenation | Any |
| `toMutable()` | create a mutable copy | MutableBuffer |
| `hex` | encode to hex strign | String |
| `Buffer.decodeHex(hexStr) | decode hex string | Buffer |
| `base64` | encode to base64 (url flavor) (2) | String |
| `base64std` | encode to base64 (default vocabulary, filling) | String |
| `Buffer.decodeBase64(str)` | decode base64 to new Buffer (2) | Buffer |
| `toBitInput()` | create bit input from a byte buffer (3) | |
| name | meaning | type |
|----------------------------|-----------------------------------------|---------------|
| `size` | size | Int |
| `decodeUtf8` | decode to String using UTF8 rules | Any |
| `+` | buffer concatenation | Any |
| `toMutable()` | create a mutable copy | MutableBuffer |
| `hex` | encode to hex strign | String |
| `Buffer.decodeHex(hexStr) | decode hex string | Buffer |
| `base64` | encode to base64 (url flavor) (2) | String |
| `Buffer.decodeBase64(str)` | decode base64 to new Buffer (2) | Buffer |
| `toBitInput()` | create bit input from a byte buffer (3) | |
(1)
: optimized implementation that override `Iterable` one

View File

@ -1,280 +0,0 @@
# Lyng Bytecode VM Spec v0 (Draft)
This document describes a register-like (3-address) bytecode for Lyng with
dynamic slot width (8/16/32-bit slot IDs), a slot-tail argument model, and
typed lanes for Obj/Int/Real/Bool. The VM is intended to run as a suspendable
interpreter and fall back to the existing AST execution when needed.
## 1) Frame & Slot Model
### Frame metadata
- localCount: number of local slots for this function (fixed at compile time).
- argCount: number of arguments passed at call time.
- scopeSlotNames: optional debug names for scope slots (locals/params), aligned to slot mapping.
- argBase = localCount.
### Slot layout
slots[0 .. localCount-1] locals
slots[localCount .. localCount+argCount-1] arguments
### Typed lanes
- slotType[]: UNKNOWN/OBJ/INT/REAL/BOOL
- objSlots[], intSlots[], realSlots[], boolSlots[]
- A slot is a logical index; active lane is selected by slotType.
### Parameter access
- param i => slot localCount + i
- variadic extra => slot localCount + declaredParamCount + k
### Debug metadata (optional)
- scopeSlotNames: array sized scopeSlotCount, each entry nullable.
- Intended for disassembly/debug tooling; VM semantics do not depend on it.
### Constant pool extras
- SlotPlan: map of name -> slot index, used by PUSH_SCOPE to pre-allocate and map loop locals.
- CallArgsPlan: ordered argument specs (name/splat) + tailBlock flag, used when argCount has the plan flag set.
## 2) Slot ID Width
Per frame, select:
- 8-bit if localCount + argCount < 256
- 16-bit if < 65536
- 32-bit otherwise
The decoder uses a dedicated loop per width. All slot operands are expanded to
Int internally.
## 3) CALL Semantics (Model A)
Instruction:
CALL_DIRECT fnId, argBase, argCount, dst
Behavior:
- Allocate a callee frame sized localCount + argCount.
- Copy caller slots [argBase .. argBase+argCount-1] into callee slots
[localCount .. localCount+argCount-1].
- Callee returns via RET slot or RET_VOID.
- Caller stores return value to dst.
Other calls:
- CALL_VIRTUAL recvSlot, methodId, argBase, argCount, dst
- CALL_FALLBACK stmtId, argBase, argCount, dst
- CALL_SLOT calleeSlot, argBase, argCount, dst
## 4) Binary Encoding Layout
All instructions are:
[opcode:U8] [operands...]
Operand widths:
- slotId: S = 1/2/4 bytes (per frame slot width)
- constId: K = 2 bytes (U16), extend to 4 if needed
- ip: I = 2 bytes (U16) or 4 bytes (U32) per function size
- fnId/methodId/stmtId: F/M/T = 2 bytes (U16) unless extended
- argCount: C = 2 bytes (U16), extend to 4 if needed
Endianness: little-endian for multi-byte operands.
Common operand patterns:
- S: one slot
- SS: two slots
- SSS: three slots
- K S: constId + dst slot
- S I: slot + jump target
- I: jump target
- F S C S: fnId, argBase slot, argCount, dst slot
Arg count flag:
- If high bit of C is set (0x8000), the low 15 bits encode a CallArgsPlan constId.
- When not set, C is the raw positional count and tailBlockMode=false.
## 5) Opcode Table
Note: Any opcode can be compiled to FALLBACK if not implemented in a VM pass.
### Data movement
- NOP
- MOVE_OBJ S -> S
- MOVE_INT S -> S
- MOVE_REAL S -> S
- MOVE_BOOL S -> S
- BOX_OBJ S -> S
- CONST_OBJ K -> S
- CONST_INT K -> S
- CONST_REAL K -> S
- CONST_BOOL K -> S
- CONST_NULL -> S
### Numeric conversions
- INT_TO_REAL S -> S
- REAL_TO_INT S -> S
- BOOL_TO_INT S -> S
- INT_TO_BOOL S -> S
### Arithmetic: INT
- ADD_INT S, S -> S
- SUB_INT S, S -> S
- MUL_INT S, S -> S
- DIV_INT S, S -> S
- MOD_INT S, S -> S
- NEG_INT S -> S
- INC_INT S
- DEC_INT S
### Arithmetic: REAL
- ADD_REAL S, S -> S
- SUB_REAL S, S -> S
- MUL_REAL S, S -> S
- DIV_REAL S, S -> S
- NEG_REAL S -> S
### Arithmetic: OBJ
- ADD_OBJ S, S -> S
- SUB_OBJ S, S -> S
- MUL_OBJ S, S -> S
- DIV_OBJ S, S -> S
- MOD_OBJ S, S -> S
### Bitwise: INT
- AND_INT S, S -> S
- OR_INT S, S -> S
- XOR_INT S, S -> S
- SHL_INT S, S -> S
- SHR_INT S, S -> S
- USHR_INT S, S -> S
- INV_INT S -> S
### Comparisons (typed)
- CMP_EQ_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_LT_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_LTE_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_GT_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_GTE_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_EQ_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_LT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_LTE_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_GT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_GTE_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_EQ_BOOL S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_BOOL S, S -> S
### Mixed numeric comparisons
- CMP_EQ_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_EQ_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_LT_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_LT_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_LTE_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_LTE_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_GT_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_GT_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_GTE_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_GTE_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_INT_REAL S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_REAL_INT S, S -> S
- CMP_EQ_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_NEQ_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_REF_EQ_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_REF_NEQ_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_LT_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_LTE_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_GT_OBJ S, S -> S
- CMP_GTE_OBJ S, S -> S
### Boolean ops
- NOT_BOOL S -> S
- AND_BOOL S, S -> S
- OR_BOOL S, S -> S
### Control flow
- JMP I
- JMP_IF_TRUE S, I
- JMP_IF_FALSE S, I
- RET S
- RET_VOID
- PUSH_SCOPE K
- POP_SCOPE
### Scope setup
- PUSH_SCOPE uses const `SlotPlan` (name -> slot index) to create a child scope and apply slot mapping.
- POP_SCOPE restores the parent scope.
### Calls
- CALL_DIRECT F, S, C, S
- CALL_VIRTUAL S, M, S, C, S
- CALL_FALLBACK T, S, C, S
- CALL_SLOT S, S, C, S
### Object access (optional, later)
- GET_FIELD S, M -> S
- SET_FIELD S, M, S
- GET_INDEX S, S -> S
- SET_INDEX S, S, S
### Fallback
- EVAL_FALLBACK T -> S
## 6) Const Pool Encoding (v0)
Each const entry is encoded as:
[tag:U8] [payload...]
Tags:
- 0x00: NULL
- 0x01: BOOL (payload: U8 0/1)
- 0x02: INT (payload: S64, little-endian)
- 0x03: REAL (payload: F64, IEEE-754, little-endian)
- 0x04: STRING (payload: U32 length + UTF-8 bytes)
- 0x05: OBJ_REF (payload: U32 index into external Obj table)
Notes:
- OBJ_REF is reserved for embedding prebuilt Obj handles if needed.
- Strings use UTF-8; length is bytes, not chars.
## 7) Function Header (binary container)
Suggested layout for a bytecode function blob:
- magic: U32 ("LYBC")
- version: U16 (0x0001)
- slotWidth: U8 (1,2,4)
- ipWidth: U8 (2,4)
- constIdWidth: U8 (2,4)
- localCount: U32
- codeSize: U32 (bytes)
- constCount: U32
- constPool: [const entries...]
- code: [bytecode...]
Const pool entries use the encoding described in section 6.
## 8) Sample Bytecode (illustrative)
Example Lyng:
val x = 2
val y = 3
val z = x + y
Assume:
- localCount = 3 (x,y,z)
- argCount = 0
- slot width = 1 byte
- const pool: [INT 2, INT 3]
Bytecode:
CONST_INT k0 -> s0
CONST_INT k1 -> s1
ADD_INT s0, s1 -> s2
RET_VOID
Encoded (opcode values symbolic):
[OP_CONST_INT][k0][s0]
[OP_CONST_INT][k1][s1]
[OP_ADD_INT][s0][s1][s2]
[OP_RET_VOID]
## 9) Notes
- Mixed-mode is allowed: compiler can emit FALLBACK ops for unsupported nodes.
- The VM must be suspendable; on suspension, store ip + minimal operand state.
- Source mapping uses a separate ip->Pos table, not part of core bytecode.

View File

@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ Is a [Iterable] with known `size`, a finite [Iterable]:
val size
}
`Collection` is a read/traversal contract shared by mutable and immutable collections.
Concrete collection classes:
- Mutable: [List], [Set], [Map]
- Immutable: [ImmutableList], [ImmutableSet], [ImmutableMap]
- Observable mutable lists (opt-in module): [ObservableList]
| name | description |
|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
@ -23,9 +16,4 @@ See [List], [Set], [Iterable] and [Efficient Iterables in Kotlin Interop](Effici
[Iterable]: Iterable.md
[List]: List.md
[Set]: Set.md
[Map]: Map.md
[ImmutableList]: ImmutableList.md
[ImmutableSet]: ImmutableSet.md
[ImmutableMap]: ImmutableMap.md
[ObservableList]: ObservableList.md
[Set]: Set.md

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@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
# Complex Numbers (`lyng.complex`)
`lyng.complex` adds a pure-Lyng `Complex` type backed by `Real` components.
Import it when you want ordinary complex arithmetic:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
```
## Construction
Use any of these:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
val a = Complex(1.0, 2.0)
val b = complex(1.0, 2.0)
val c = 2.i
val d = 3.re
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
```
Convenience extensions:
- `Int.re`, `Real.re`: embed a real value into the complex plane
- `Int.i`, `Real.i`: create a pure imaginary value
- `cis(angle)`: shorthand for `cos(angle) + i sin(angle)`
## Core Operations
`Complex` supports:
- `+`
- `-`
- `*`
- `/`
- unary `-`
- `conjugate`
- `magnitude`
- `phase`
Mixed arithmetic with `Int` and `Real` is enabled through `lyng.operators`, so both sides work naturally:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(1.5, 2.0), 1.5 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(2.0, 2.0), 2.i + 2)
```
Mixed equality with built-in numeric types is intentionally not promised yet. Keep equality checks in the `Complex` domain for now.
## Transcendental Functions
For now, use member-style calls:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
val z = 1 + π.i
val w = z.exp()
val s = z.sin()
val r = z.sqrt()
```
This is deliberate. Lyng already has built-in top-level real-valued functions such as `exp(x)` and `sin(x)`, and imported modules do not currently replace those root bindings. So plain `exp(z)` is not yet the right extension mechanism for complex math.
## Design Scope
This module intentionally uses `Complex` with `Real` parts, not `Complex<T>`.
Reasons:
- the existing math runtime is `Real`-centric
- the operator interop registry works with concrete runtime classes
- transcendental functions (`exp`, `sin`, `ln`, `sqrt`) are defined over the `Real` math backend here
If Lyng later gets a more general numeric-trait or callable-overload registry, a generic algebraic `Complex<T>` can be revisited on firmer ground.

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@ -1,325 +0,0 @@
# Decimal (`lyng.decimal`)
`lyng.decimal` adds an arbitrary-precision decimal type to Lyng as a normal library module.
Import it when you need decimal arithmetic that should not inherit `Real`'s binary floating-point behavior:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
```
## What `Decimal` Is For
Use `Decimal` when values are fundamentally decimal:
- money
- human-entered quantities
- exact decimal text
- predictable decimal rounding
- user-facing formatting and tests
Do not use it just because a number has a fractional part. `Real` is still the right type for ordinary double-precision numeric work.
## Creating Decimal Values
There are three supported conversions:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
val a = 1.d
val b = 2.2.d
val c = "2.2".d
assertEquals("1", a.toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("2.2", b.toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("2.2", c.toStringExpanded())
```
The three forms mean different things:
- `1.d`: convert `Int -> Decimal`
- `2.2.d`: convert `Real -> Decimal`
- `"2.2".d`: parse exact decimal text
That distinction is intentional.
### `Real.d` vs `"..." .d`
`Real.d` preserves the current `Real` value. It does not pretend the source code was exact decimal text.
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("0.30000000000000004", (0.1 + 0.2).d.toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("0.3", "0.3".d.toStringExpanded())
```
This follows the "minimal confusion" rule:
- if you start from a `Real`, you get a decimal representation of that `Real`
- if you want exact decimal source text, use a `String`
## Factory Functions
The explicit factory methods are:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
Decimal.fromInt(10)
Decimal.fromReal(2.5)
Decimal.fromString("12.34")
```
These are equivalent to the conversion-property forms, but sometimes clearer in APIs or generated code.
## From Kotlin
If you already have an ionspin `BigDecimal` on the host side, the simplest supported way to create a Lyng `Decimal` is:
```kotlin
import com.ionspin.kotlin.bignum.decimal.BigDecimal
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.asFacade
import net.sergeych.lyng.newDecimal
val scope = EvalSession().getScope()
val decimal = scope.asFacade().newDecimal(BigDecimal.parseStringWithMode("12.34"))
```
Notes:
- `newDecimal(...)` loads `lyng.decimal` if needed
- it returns a real Lyng `Decimal` object instance
- this is the preferred Kotlin-side construction path when you already hold a host `BigDecimal`
## Core Operations
`Decimal` supports:
- `+`
- `-`
- `*`
- `/`
- `%`
- unary `-`
- comparison operators
- equality operators
Examples:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("3.75", ("1.5".d + "2.25".d).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("1.25", ("2.5".d - "1.25".d).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("3.0", ("1.5".d * 2.d).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("0.5", (1.d / 2.d).toStringExpanded())
assert("2.0".d > "1.5".d)
assert("2.0".d == 2.d)
```
## Interoperability With `Int` and `Real`
The decimal module registers mixed-operand operator bridges so both sides read naturally:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals(3.d, 1 + 2.d)
assertEquals(3.d, 2.d + 1)
assertEquals(1.5.d, 1.d + 0.5)
assertEquals(1.5.d, 0.5 + 1.d)
assert(2 == 2.d)
assert(3 > 2.d)
```
Without this registration mechanism, only the cases directly implemented on the left-hand class would work. The bridge fills the gap for expressions such as `Int + Decimal` and `Real + Decimal`.
See [OperatorInterop.md](OperatorInterop.md) for the generic mechanism behind that.
## String Representation
Use `toStringExpanded()` when you want plain decimal output without scientific notation:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("12.34", "12.34".d.toStringExpanded())
```
This is the recommended representation for:
- tests
- user-visible diagnostics
- decimal formatting checks
## Conversions Back To Built-ins
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals(2, "2.9".d.toInt())
assertEquals(2.9, "2.9".d.toReal())
```
Use `toReal()` only when you are willing to return to binary floating-point semantics.
## Non-Finite Checks
`Decimal` values are always finite, so these helpers exist for API symmetry with `Real` and always return `false`:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals(false, "2.9".d.isInfinite())
assertEquals(false, "2.9".d.isNaN())
```
## Division Context
Division is the operation where precision and rounding matter most.
By default, decimal division uses:
- precision: `34` significant digits
- rounding: `HalfEven`
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("0.3333333333333333333333333333333333", (1.d / 3.d).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("0.6666666666666666666666666666666667", ("2".d / 3.d).toStringExpanded())
```
## `withDecimalContext(...)`
Use `withDecimalContext(...)` to override decimal division rules inside a block:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals(
"0.3333333333",
withDecimalContext(10) { (1.d / 3.d).toStringExpanded() }
)
```
You can also pass an explicit context object:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
val ctx = DecimalContext(6, DecimalRounding.HalfAwayFromZero)
assertEquals("0.666667", withDecimalContext(ctx) { ("2".d / 3.d).toStringExpanded() })
```
The context is dynamic and local to the block. After the block exits, the previous context is restored.
## Rounding Modes
Available rounding modes:
- `HalfEven`
- `HalfAwayFromZero`
- `HalfTowardsZero`
- `Ceiling`
- `Floor`
- `AwayFromZero`
- `TowardsZero`
Tie example at precision `2`:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("0.12", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfEven) { (1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
assertEquals("0.13", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfAwayFromZero) { (1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
assertEquals("0.12", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfTowardsZero) { (1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
assertEquals("0.13", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.Ceiling) { (1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
assertEquals("0.12", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.Floor) { (1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
```
Negative values follow the same named policy in the obvious direction:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("-0.13", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfAwayFromZero) { (-1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
assertEquals("-0.12", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfTowardsZero) { (-1.d / 8.d).toStringExpanded() })
```
## Recommended Usage Rules
## Decimal With Stdlib Math Functions
Core math helpers such as `abs`, `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, `sin`, `exp`, `ln`, `sqrt`, `log10`, `log2`, and `pow`
now also accept `Decimal`.
Current behavior is intentionally split:
- exact decimal implementation:
- `abs(x)`
- `floor(x)`
- `ceil(x)`
- `round(x)`
- `pow(x, y)` when `x` is `Decimal` and `y` is an integral exponent
- temporary bridge through `Real`:
- `sin`, `cos`, `tan`
- `asin`, `acos`, `atan`
- `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`
- `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh`
- `exp`, `ln`, `log10`, `log2`
- `sqrt`
- `pow` for the remaining non-integral decimal exponent cases
The temporary bridge is:
```lyng
Decimal -> Real -> host math -> Decimal
```
This is a compatibility step, not the long-term design. Native decimal implementations will replace these bridge-based
paths over time.
Examples:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("2.5", (abs("-2.5".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("2", (floor("2.9".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
// Temporary Real bridge:
assertEquals((exp(1.25) as Real).d.toStringExpanded(), (exp("1.25".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals((sqrt(2.0) as Real).d.toStringExpanded(), (sqrt("2".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
```
If you care about exact decimal source text:
```lyng
"12.34".d
```
If you intentionally convert an existing binary floating-point value:
```lyng
someReal.d
```
If you want local control over division:
```lyng
withDecimalContext(precision, rounding) { ... }
```
If you want custom mixed operators for your own type, follow the same pattern as Decimal and use the operator registry:
- define the operators on your own class
- choose a common class
- register mixed operand bridges
See [OperatorInterop.md](OperatorInterop.md).

View File

@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
# ImmutableList built-in class
`ImmutableList` is an immutable, indexable list value.
It implements [Array], therefore [Collection] and [Iterable].
Use it when API contracts require a list that cannot be mutated through aliases.
## Creating
val a = ImmutableList(1,2,3)
val b = [1,2,3].toImmutable()
val c = (1..3).toImmutableList()
>>> void
## Converting
val i = ImmutableList(1,2,3)
val m = i.toMutable()
m += 4
assertEquals( ImmutableList(1,2,3), i )
assertEquals( [1,2,3,4], m )
>>> void
## Members
| name | meaning |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------|
| `size` | number of elements |
| `[index]` | element access by index |
| `[Range]` | immutable slice |
| `+` | append element(s), returns new immutable list |
| `-` | remove element(s), returns new immutable list |
| `toMutable()` | create mutable copy |
[Array]: Array.md
[Collection]: Collection.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md

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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
# ImmutableMap built-in class
`ImmutableMap` is an immutable map of key-value pairs.
It implements [Collection] and [Iterable] of [MapEntry].
## Creating
val a = ImmutableMap("a" => 1, "b" => 2)
val b = Map("a" => 1, "b" => 2).toImmutable()
val c = ["a" => 1, "b" => 2].toImmutableMap
>>> void
## Converting
val i = ImmutableMap("a" => 1)
val m = i.toMutable()
m["a"] = 2
assertEquals( 1, i["a"] )
assertEquals( 2, m["a"] )
>>> void
## Members
| name | meaning |
|-----------------|------------------------------------------|
| `size` | number of entries |
| `[key]` | get value by key, or `null` if absent |
| `getOrNull(key)`| same as `[key]` |
| `keys` | list of keys |
| `values` | list of values |
| `+` | merge (rightmost wins), returns new immutable map |
| `toMutable()` | create mutable copy |
[Collection]: Collection.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md
[MapEntry]: Map.md

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@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
# ImmutableSet built-in class
`ImmutableSet` is an immutable set of unique elements.
It implements [Collection] and [Iterable].
## Creating
val a = ImmutableSet(1,2,3)
val b = Set(1,2,3).toImmutable()
val c = [1,2,3].toImmutableSet
>>> void
## Converting
val i = ImmutableSet(1,2,3)
val m = i.toMutable()
m += 4
assertEquals( ImmutableSet(1,2,3), i )
assertEquals( Set(1,2,3,4), m )
>>> void
## Members
| name | meaning |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| `size` | number of elements |
| `contains(x)` | membership test |
| `+`, `union` | union, returns new immutable set |
| `-`, `subtract` | subtraction, returns new immutable set |
| `*`, `intersect` | intersection, returns new immutable set |
| `toMutable()` | create mutable copy |
[Collection]: Collection.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md

View File

@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ You can also use flow variations that return a cold `Flow` instead of a `List`,
Find the minimum or maximum value of a function applied to each element:
val source = ["abc", "de", "fghi"]
assertEquals(2, source.minOf { (it as String).length })
assertEquals(4, source.maxOf { (it as String).length })
assertEquals(2, source.minOf { it.length })
assertEquals(4, source.maxOf { it.length })
>>> void
## flatten and flatMap
@ -147,15 +147,12 @@ Search for the first element that satisfies the given predicate:
| fun/method | description |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| toList() | create a list from iterable |
| toImmutableList() | create an immutable list from iterable |
| toSet() | create a set from iterable |
| toImmutableSet | create an immutable set from iterable |
| contains(i) | check that iterable contains `i` |
| `i in iterable` | same as `contains(i)` |
| isEmpty() | check iterable is empty |
| forEach(f) | call f for each element |
| toMap() | create a map from list of key-value pairs (arrays of 2 items or like) |
| toImmutableMap | create an immutable map from list of key-value pairs |
| any(p) | true if any element matches predicate `p` |
| all(p) | true if all elements match predicate `p` |
| map(f) | create a list of values returned by `f` called for each element of the iterable |
@ -209,20 +206,16 @@ For high-performance Kotlin-side interop and custom iterable implementation deta
## Implemented in classes:
- [List], [ImmutableList], [Range], [Buffer](Buffer.md), [BitBuffer], [Buffer], [Set], [ImmutableSet], [Map], [ImmutableMap], [RingBuffer]
- [List], [Range], [Buffer](Buffer.md), [BitBuffer], [Buffer], [Set], [RingBuffer]
[Collection]: Collection.md
[List]: List.md
[ImmutableList]: ImmutableList.md
[Flow]: parallelism.md#flow
[Range]: Range.md
[Set]: Set.md
[ImmutableSet]: ImmutableSet.md
[Map]: Map.md
[ImmutableMap]: ImmutableMap.md
[RingBuffer]: RingBuffer.md
[RingBuffer]: RingBuffer.md

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@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
# Legacy Digest Functions (`lyng.legacy_digest`)
> ⚠️ **Security warning:** The functions in this module use cryptographically broken
> algorithms. Do **not** use them for passwords, digital signatures, integrity
> verification against adversarial tampering, or any other security-sensitive
> purpose. They exist solely for compatibility with legacy protocols and file
> formats that require specific hash values.
Import when you need to produce a SHA-1 digest for an existing protocol or format:
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
```
## `LegacyDigest` Object
### `sha1(data): String`
Computes the SHA-1 digest of `data` and returns it as a 40-character lowercase
hex string.
`data` can be:
| Type | Behaviour |
|----------|----------------------------------------|
| `String` | Encoded as UTF-8, then hashed |
| `Buffer` | Raw bytes hashed directly |
| anything | Falls back to `toString()` then UTF-8 |
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
// String input
val h = LegacyDigest.sha1("abc")
assertEquals("a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d", h)
// Empty string
assertEquals("da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", LegacyDigest.sha1(""))
```
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
import lyng.buffer
// Buffer input (raw bytes)
val buf = Buffer.decodeHex("616263") // 0x61 0x62 0x63 = "abc"
assertEquals("a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d", LegacyDigest.sha1(buf))
```
## Implementation Notes
- Pure Kotlin/KMP — no native libraries or extra dependencies.
- Follows FIPS 180-4.
- The output is always lowercase hex, never uppercase or binary.
## When to Use
Use `lyng.legacy_digest` only when an external system you cannot change requires
a SHA-1 value, for example:
- old git-style content addresses
- some OAuth 1.0 / HMAC-SHA1 signature schemes
- legacy file checksums defined in published specs
For any new design choose a current hash function (SHA-256 or better) once
Lyng adds a `lyng.digest` module.

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@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
# List built-in class
Mutable list of any objects.
For immutable list values, see [ImmutableList].
For observable mutable lists and change hooks, see [ObservableList].
It's class in Lyng is `List`:
@ -30,13 +28,6 @@ There is a shortcut for the last:
__Important__ negative indexes works wherever indexes are used, e.g. in insertion and removal methods too.
The language also allows multi-selector indexing syntax such as `value[i, j]`, but `List` itself uses a single selector only:
- `list[index]` for one element
- `list[range]` for a slice copy
Multi-selector indexing is intended for custom indexers such as `Matrix`.
## Concatenation
You can concatenate lists or iterable objects:
@ -45,16 +36,6 @@ You can concatenate lists or iterable objects:
assert( [4,5] + (1..3) == [4, 5, 1, 2, 3])
>>> void
## Constructing lists
Besides literals, you can build a list by size using `List.fill`:
val squares = List.fill(5) { i -> i * i }
assertEquals([0, 1, 4, 9, 16], squares)
>>> void
`List.fill(size) { ... }` calls the block once for each index from `0` to `size - 1` and returns a new mutable list.
## Appending
To append to lists, use `+=` with elements, lists and any [Iterable] instances, but beware it will
@ -174,7 +155,6 @@ List could be sorted in place, just like [Collection] provide sorted copies, in
| `[index]` | get or set element at index | Int |
| `[Range]` | get slice of the array (copy) | Range |
| `+=` | append element(s) (2) | List or Obj |
| `List.fill(size, block)` | build a new list from indices `0..<size` | Int, Callable |
| `sort()` | in-place sort, natural order | void |
| `sortBy(predicate)` | in-place sort bu `predicate` call result (3) | void |
| `sortWith(comparator)` | in-place sort using `comarator` function (4) | void |
@ -199,50 +179,6 @@ for `sort()` will be `sort { a, b -> a <=> b }
It inherits from [Iterable] too and thus all iterable methods are applicable to any list.
## Observable list hooks
Observable hooks are provided by module `lyng.observable` and are opt-in:
import lyng.observable
val src = [1,2,3]
val xs = src.observable()
assert(xs is ObservableList<Int>)
var before = 0
var after = 0
xs.beforeChange { before++ }
xs.onChange { after++ }
xs += 4
xs[0] = 100
assertEquals([100,2,3,4], xs)
assertEquals(2, before)
assertEquals(2, after)
>>> void
`beforeChange` runs before mutation commit and may reject it by throwing exception (typically `ChangeRejectionException` from the same module):
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1,2].observable()
xs.beforeChange { throw ChangeRejectionException("read only") }
assertThrows(ChangeRejectionException) { xs += 3 }
assertEquals([1,2], xs)
>>> void
`changes()` returns `Flow<ListChange<T>>` of committed events:
import lyng.observable
val xs = [10,20].observable()
val it = xs.changes().iterator()
xs += 30
assert(it.hasNext())
val e = it.next()
assert(e is ListInsert<Int>)
assertEquals([30], (e as ListInsert<Int>).values)
it.cancelIteration()
>>> void
## Member inherited from Array
| name | meaning | type |
@ -260,6 +196,4 @@ Observable hooks are provided by module `lyng.observable` and are opt-in:
[Range]: Range.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md
[ImmutableList]: ImmutableList.md
[ObservableList]: ObservableList.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md

View File

@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
Map is a mutable collection of key-value pairs, where keys are unique. You can create maps in two ways:
- with the constructor `Map(...)` or `.toMap()` helpers; and
- with map literals using braces: `{ "key": value, id: expr, id: }`.
For immutable map values, see [ImmutableMap].
When constructing from a list, each list item must be a [Collection] with exactly 2 elements, for example, a [List].
@ -95,8 +94,7 @@ Or iterate its key-value pairs that are instances of [MapEntry] class:
val map = Map( ["foo", 1], ["bar", "buzz"], [42, "answer"] )
for( entry in map ) {
val e: MapEntry = entry as MapEntry
println("map[%s] = %s"(e.key, e.value))
println("map[%s] = %s"(entry.key, entry.value))
}
void
>>> map[foo] = 1
@ -177,5 +175,4 @@ Notes:
- Spreads inside map literals and `+`/`+=` merges allow any objects as keys.
- When you need computed or non-string keys, use the constructor form `Map(...)`, map literals with computed keys (if supported), or build entries with `=>` and then merge.
[Collection](Collection.md)
[ImmutableMap]: ImmutableMap.md
[Collection](Collection.md)

View File

@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
# Matrix (`lyng.matrix`)
`lyng.matrix` adds dense immutable `Matrix` and `Vector` types for linear algebra.
Import it when you need matrix or vector arithmetic:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
```
## Construction
Create vectors from a flat list and matrices from nested row lists:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val v: Vector = vector([1, 2, 3])
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], v.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]], m.toList())
```
Factory methods are also available:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val z: Vector = Vector.zeros(3)
val i: Matrix = Matrix.identity(3)
val m: Matrix = Matrix.zeros(2, 4)
```
All elements are standard double-precision numeric values internally.
## Shapes
Matrices may have any rectangular geometry:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(2, a.rows)
assertEquals(3, a.cols)
assertEquals([2, 3], a.shape)
assertEquals(false, a.isSquare)
```
Vectors expose:
- `size`
- `length` as an alias of `size`
## Matrix Operations
Supported matrix operations:
- `+` and `-` for element-wise matrix arithmetic
- `*` for matrix-matrix product
- `*` and `/` by a scalar
- `transpose()`
- `trace()`
- `rank()`
- `determinant()`
- `inverse()`
- `solve(rhs)` for `Vector` or `Matrix` right-hand sides
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
val b: Matrix = matrix([[7, 8], [9, 10], [11, 12]])
val product: Matrix = a * b
assertEquals([[58.0, 64.0], [139.0, 154.0]], product.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 4.0], [2.0, 5.0], [3.0, 6.0]], a.transpose().toList())
```
Inverse and solve:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[4, 7], [2, 6]])
val rhs: Vector = vector([1, 0])
val inv: Matrix = a.inverse()
val x: Vector = a.solve(rhs)
assert(abs(a.determinant() - 10.0) < 1e-9)
assert(abs(inv.get(0, 0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
assert(abs(x.get(0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
```
## Vector Operations
Supported vector operations:
- `+` and `-`
- scalar `*` and `/`
- `dot(other)`
- `norm()`
- `normalize()`
- `cross(other)` for 3D vectors
- `outer(other)` producing a matrix
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Vector = vector([1, 2, 3])
val b: Vector = vector([2, 0, 0])
assertEquals(2.0, a.dot(b))
assertEquals([0.2672612419124244, 0.5345224838248488, 0.8017837257372732], a.normalize().toList())
```
## Indexing and Slicing
`Matrix` supports both method-style indexing and bracket syntax.
Scalar access:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(6.0, m.get(1, 2))
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
```
Bracket indexing accepts two selectors: `[row, col]`.
Each selector may be either:
- an `Int`
- a `Range`
Examples:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
assertEquals(7.0, m[1, 2])
val columnSlice: Matrix = m[0..2, 2]
val topLeft: Matrix = m[0..1, 0..1]
val tail: Matrix = m[1.., 1..]
assertEquals([[3.0], [7.0], [11.0]], columnSlice.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 2.0], [5.0, 6.0]], topLeft.toList())
assertEquals([[6.0, 7.0, 8.0], [10.0, 11.0, 12.0]], tail.toList())
```
Shape rules:
- `m[Int, Int]` returns a `Real`
- `m[Range, Int]` returns an `Nx1` `Matrix`
- `m[Int, Range]` returns a `1xM` `Matrix`
- `m[Range, Range]` returns a submatrix
Open-ended ranges are supported:
- `m[..1, ..1]`
- `m[1.., 1..]`
- `m[.., 2]`
Stepped ranges are not supported in matrix slicing.
Slices currently return new matrices, not views.
## Rows and Columns
If you want plain lists instead of a sliced matrix:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals([4.0, 5.0, 6.0], a.row(1))
assertEquals([2.0, 5.0], a.column(1))
```
## Backend Notes
The matrix module uses a platform-specific backend where available and falls back to pure Kotlin where needed.
The public Lyng API stays the same across platforms.

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Lyng supports first class OOP constructs, based on classes with multiple inherit
The class clause looks like
class Point(x,y)
assertEquals("Point", Point.className)
assert( Point is Class )
>>> void
It creates new `Class` with two fields. Here is the more practical sample:
@ -113,48 +113,6 @@ val handler = object {
- **Serialization**: Anonymous objects are **not serializable**. Attempting to encode an anonymous object via `Lynon` will throw a `SerializationException`. This is because their class definition is transient and cannot be safely restored in a different session or process.
- **Type Identity**: Every object expression creates a unique anonymous class. Two identical object expressions will result in two different classes with distinct type identities.
## Nested Declarations
Lyng allows classes, objects, enums, and type aliases to be declared inside another class. These declarations live in the **class namespace** (not the instance), so they do not capture an outer instance and are accessed with a qualifier.
```lyng
class A {
class B(x?)
object Inner { val foo = "bar" }
type Alias = B
enum E { One, Two }
}
val ab = A.B()
assertEquals(ab.x, null)
assertEquals(A.Inner.foo, "bar")
```
Rules:
- **Qualified access**: use `Outer.Inner` for nested classes/objects/enums/aliases. Inside `Outer` you can refer to them by unqualified name unless shadowed.
- **No inner semantics**: nested declarations do not capture an instance of the outer class. They are resolved at compile time.
- **Visibility**: `private` restricts a nested declaration to the declaring class body (not visible from outside or subclasses).
- **Reflection name**: a nested class reports `Outer.Inner` (e.g., `A.B::class.name` is `"A.B"`).
- **Type aliases**: behave as aliases of the qualified nested type and are expanded by the type system.
### Lifted Enum Entries
Enums can optionally lift their entries into the surrounding class namespace using `*`:
```lyng
class A {
enum E* { One, Two }
}
assertEquals(A.One, A.E.One)
assertEquals(A.Two, A.E.Two)
```
Notes:
- `E*` exposes entries in `A` as if they were direct members (`A.One`).
- If a name would conflict with an existing class member, compilation fails (no implicit fallback).
- Without `*`, use the normal `A.E.One` form.
## Properties
Properties allow you to define member accessors that look like fields but execute code when read or written. Unlike regular fields, properties in Lyng do **not** have automatic backing fields; they are pure accessors.
@ -376,10 +334,11 @@ Functions defined inside a class body are methods, and unless declared
`private` are available to be called from outside the class:
class Point(x,y) {
// private method:
private fun d2() { x*x + y*y }
// public method declaration:
fun length() { sqrt(d2()) }
// private method:
private fun d2() {x*x + y*y}
}
val p = Point(3,4)
// private called from inside public: OK
@ -978,7 +937,7 @@ You can mark a field or a method as static. This is borrowed from Java as more p
static fun exclamation() {
// here foo is a regular var:
Value.foo.x + "!"
foo.x + "!"
}
}
assertEquals( Value.foo.x, "foo" )
@ -989,164 +948,57 @@ You can mark a field or a method as static. This is borrowed from Java as more p
assertEquals( "bar!", Value.exclamation() )
>>> void
Static fields can be accessed from static methods via the class qualifier:
As usual, private statics are not accessible from the outside:
class Test {
static var data = "foo"
static fun getData() { Test.data }
// private, inacessible from outside protected data:
private static var data = null
// the interface to access and change it:
static fun getData() { data }
static fun setData(value) { data = value }
}
assertEquals( "foo", Test.getData() )
Test.data = "bar"
assertEquals("bar", Test.getData() )
// no direct access:
assertThrows { Test.data }
// accessible with the interface:
assertEquals( null, Test.getData() )
Test.setData("fubar")
assertEquals("fubar", Test.getData() )
>>> void
# Extension members
# Extending classes
Sometimes an existing type or named singleton object is missing some particular functionality that can be _added to it_ without rewriting its inner logic and without using its private state. In this case, _extension members_ can be used.
It sometimes happen that the class is missing some particular functionality that can be _added to it_ without rewriting its inner logic and using its private state. In this case _extension members_ could be used.
## Extension methods
For example, we want to create an extension method that would test if a value can be interpreted as an integer:
For example, we want to create an extension method that would test if some object of unknown type contains something that can be interpreted as an integer. In this case we _extend_ class `Object`, as it is the parent class for any instance of any type:
fun Int.isInteger() { true }
fun Real.isInteger() { this.toInt() == this }
fun String.isInteger() { (this.toReal() as Real).isInteger() }
fun Object.isInteger() {
when(this) {
// already Int?
is Int -> true
// Let's test:
// real, but with no declimal part?
is Real -> toInt() == this
// string with int or real reuusig code above
is String -> toReal().isInteger()
// otherwise, no:
else -> false
}
}
// Let's test:
assert( 12.isInteger() == true )
assert( 12.1.isInteger() == false )
assert( "5".isInteger() )
assert( ! "5.2".isInteger() )
>>> void
Extension methods normally act like instance members. If declared as `static`, they are called on the type object itself:
```lyng
static fun List<T>.fill(size: Int, block: (Int)->T): List<T> { ... }
val tens = List.fill(5) { it * 10 }
```
## Extending singleton `object` declarations
Named singleton objects can also be extension receivers. Use the object name as the receiver type:
```lyng
object Config {
fun base() = "cfg"
}
fun Config.describe(value) {
this.base() + ":" + value.toString()
}
val Config.tag get() = this.base() + ":tag"
assertEquals("cfg:42", Config.describe(42))
assertEquals("cfg:tag", Config.tag)
```
This differs from extending a class in one important way:
- `fun Point.foo()` adds a member-like extension for all `Point` instances.
- `fun Config.foo()` adds a member-like extension only for the single named object `Config`.
The same rules still apply:
- Extensions on singleton objects are scope-isolated just like class extensions.
- They cannot access the object's `private` members.
- Inside the extension body, `this` is the singleton object itself.
## Extension indexers
Bracket syntax is just another form of member dispatch. When you write `value[i]` or `value[i] = x`, Lyng lowers it to `getAt(...)` and `putAt(...)`.
That means indexers can be extended in the same way as methods and properties.
### Extending indexers on classes
Use `override fun Type.getAt(...)` and `override fun Type.putAt(...)`:
```lyng
class BoxStore {
val data = {"name": "alice"}
}
override fun BoxStore.getAt(key: String): Object? {
data[key]
}
override fun BoxStore.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
data[key] = value
}
val store = BoxStore()
assertEquals("alice", store["name"])
store["name"] = "bob"
assertEquals("bob", store["name"])
```
As with other extension members, this does not modify the original class declaration. It adds indexer behavior only in the scope where the extension is visible.
### Extending indexers on singleton `object` declarations
Named singleton objects work the same way:
```lyng
object Storage
var storageData = {}
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? {
storageData[key]
}
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
storageData[key] = value
}
Storage["name"] = "alice"
val name: String? = Storage["name"]
assertEquals("alice", name)
```
This is the indexer equivalent of `fun Config.foo()`: the extension applies to that single named object, not to all instances of some class.
### Selector packing
Index syntax can contain more than one selector:
```lyng
value[i]
value[i, j]
```
The same packing rules still apply for extension indexers:
- `value[i]` calls `getAt(i)` or `putAt(i, value)`
- `value[i, j]` passes `[i, j]` as one list-like index object
- `value[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
So if you want multi-selector indexing, define the receiver to accept that packed index object.
### About types and generics
In practice, extension indexers are usually best declared with `Object?` for reads and `Object` for writes:
```lyng
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? { ... }
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) { ... }
```
Then use the expected type at the call site:
```lyng
val name: String? = Storage["name"]
```
Explicit generic arguments do not fit naturally onto `[]` syntax, so typed assignment on read is usually the clearest approach.
## Extension properties
Just like methods, you can extend existing classes with properties. These can be defined using simple initialization (for `val` only) or with custom accessors.
@ -1242,7 +1094,7 @@ The same we can provide writable dynamic fields (var-type), adding set method:
// mutable field
"bar" -> storedValueForBar
else -> throw SymbolNotFound()
else -> throw SymbolNotFoundException()
}
}
set { name, value ->
@ -1310,24 +1162,8 @@ collection's sugar won't work with it:
assertEquals("buzz", x[0])
>>> void
Multiple selectors are packed into one list index object:
val x = dynamic {
get {
if( it == [1, 2] ) "hit"
else null
}
}
assertEquals("hit", x[1, 2])
>>> void
So:
- `x[i]` passes `i`
- `x[i, j]` passes `[i, j]`
- `x[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
This is the same rule used by Kotlin-backed `getAt` / `putAt` indexers in embedding.
If you want dynamic to function like an array, create a [feature
request](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng/issues).
# Theory

View File

@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
# ObservableList module
`ObservableList` lives in explicit module `lyng.observable`.
Import it first:
import lyng.observable
>>> void
Create from a regular mutable list:
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1,2,3].observable()
assert(xs is ObservableList<Int>)
assertEquals([1,2,3], xs)
>>> void
## Hook flow
Event order is:
1. `beforeChange(change)` listeners
2. mutation commit
3. `onChange(change)` listeners
4. `changes()` flow emission
Rejection is done by throwing in `beforeChange`.
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1,2].observable()
xs.beforeChange {
throw ChangeRejectionException("no mutation")
}
assertThrows(ChangeRejectionException) { xs += 3 }
assertEquals([1,2], xs)
>>> void
## Subscriptions
`beforeChange` and `onChange` return `Subscription`.
Call `cancel()` to unsubscribe.
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1].observable()
var hits = 0
val sub = xs.onChange { hits++ }
xs += 2
sub.cancel()
xs += 3
assertEquals(1, hits)
>>> void
## Change events
`changes()` returns `Flow<ListChange<T>>` with concrete event classes:
- `ListInsert`
- `ListSet`
- `ListRemove`
- `ListClear`
- `ListReorder`
import lyng.observable
val xs = [10,20].observable()
val it = xs.changes().iterator()
xs[1] = 200
val ev = it.next()
assert(ev is ListSet<Int>)
assertEquals(20, (ev as ListSet<Int>).oldValue)
assertEquals(200, ev.newValue)
it.cancelIteration()
>>> void

View File

@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
# Operator Interop Registry
`lyng.operators` provides a runtime registry for mixed-class binary operators.
Import it when you want expressions such as:
- `1 + MyType(...)`
- `2 < MyType(...)`
- `3 == MyType(...)`
to work without modifying the built-in `Int` or `Real` classes.
```lyng
import lyng.operators
```
## Why This Exists
If your class defines:
```lyng
class Amount(val value: Int) {
fun plus(other: Amount) = Amount(value + other.value)
}
```
then:
```lyng
Amount(1) + Amount(2)
```
works, because the left operand already knows how to add another `Amount`.
But:
```lyng
1 + Amount(2)
```
does not naturally work, because `Int` has not been rewritten to know about `Amount`.
The operator interop registry solves exactly that problem.
## Mental Model
Registration describes a mixed pair:
- left class `L`
- right class `R`
- common class `C`
When Lyng sees `L op R`, it:
1. converts `L -> C`
2. converts `R -> C`
3. evaluates the operator as `C op C`
So the registry is a bridge, not a separate arithmetic engine.
## API
```lyng
OperatorInterop.register(
leftClass,
rightClass,
commonClass,
operators,
leftToCommon,
rightToCommon
)
```
Parameters:
- `leftClass`: original left operand class
- `rightClass`: original right operand class
- `commonClass`: class that will actually execute the operator methods
- `operators`: list of operators enabled for this pair
- `leftToCommon`: conversion from left operand to common class
- `rightToCommon`: conversion from right operand to common class
## Supported Operators
`BinaryOperator` values:
- `Plus`
- `Minus`
- `Mul`
- `Div`
- `Mod`
- `Compare`
- `Equals`
Meaning:
- `Compare` enables `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, and `<=>`
- `Equals` enables `==` and `!=`
## Minimal Working Example
```lyng
package test.decimalbox
import lyng.operators
class DecimalBox(val value: Int) {
fun plus(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value + other.value)
fun minus(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value - other.value)
fun mul(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value * other.value)
fun div(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value / other.value)
fun mod(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value % other.value)
fun compareTo(other: DecimalBox) = value <=> other.value
}
OperatorInterop.register(
Int,
DecimalBox,
DecimalBox,
[
BinaryOperator.Plus,
BinaryOperator.Minus,
BinaryOperator.Mul,
BinaryOperator.Div,
BinaryOperator.Mod,
BinaryOperator.Compare,
BinaryOperator.Equals
],
{ x: Int -> DecimalBox(x) },
{ x: DecimalBox -> x }
)
```
Then:
```lyng
import test.decimalbox
assertEquals(DecimalBox(3), 1 + DecimalBox(2))
assertEquals(DecimalBox(1), 3 - DecimalBox(2))
assertEquals(DecimalBox(8), 4 * DecimalBox(2))
assertEquals(DecimalBox(4), 8 / DecimalBox(2))
assertEquals(DecimalBox(1), 7 % DecimalBox(2))
assert(1 < DecimalBox(2))
assert(2 <= DecimalBox(2))
assert(3 > DecimalBox(2))
assert(2 == DecimalBox(2))
assert(2 != DecimalBox(3))
```
## How Decimal Uses It
`lyng.decimal` uses this same mechanism so that:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
1 + 2.d
0.5 + 1.d
2 == 2.d
3 > 2.d
```
work naturally even though `Int` and `Real` themselves were not edited to know `Decimal`.
The shape is:
- `leftClass = Int` or `Real`
- `rightClass = Decimal`
- `commonClass = Decimal`
- convert built-ins into `Decimal`
- leave `Decimal` values unchanged
## Step-By-Step Pattern For Your Own Type
### 1. Pick the common class
Choose one class that will be the actual arithmetic domain.
For numeric-like types, that is usually your own class:
```lyng
class Rational(...)
```
### 2. Implement operators on that class
The common class should define the operations you plan to register.
Example:
```lyng
class Rational(val num: Int, val den: Int) {
fun plus(other: Rational) = Rational(num * other.den + other.num * den, den * other.den)
fun minus(other: Rational) = Rational(num * other.den - other.num * den, den * other.den)
fun mul(other: Rational) = Rational(num * other.num, den * other.den)
fun div(other: Rational) = Rational(num * other.den, den * other.num)
fun compareTo(other: Rational) = (num * other.den) <=> (other.num * den)
static fun fromInt(value: Int) = Rational(value, 1)
}
```
### 3. Register the mixed pair
```lyng
import lyng.operators
OperatorInterop.register(
Int,
Rational,
Rational,
[
BinaryOperator.Plus,
BinaryOperator.Minus,
BinaryOperator.Mul,
BinaryOperator.Div,
BinaryOperator.Compare,
BinaryOperator.Equals
],
{ x: Int -> Rational.fromInt(x) },
{ x: Rational -> x }
)
```
### 4. Use it
```lyng
assertEquals(Rational(3, 2), 1 + Rational(1, 2))
assert(Rational(3, 2) == Rational(3, 2))
assert(2 > Rational(3, 2))
```
## Registering More Than One Built-in Type
If you want both `Int + MyType` and `Real + MyType`, register both pairs explicitly:
```lyng
OperatorInterop.register(
Int,
MyType,
MyType,
[BinaryOperator.Plus, BinaryOperator.Compare, BinaryOperator.Equals],
{ x: Int -> MyType.fromInt(x) },
{ x: MyType -> x }
)
OperatorInterop.register(
Real,
MyType,
MyType,
[BinaryOperator.Plus, BinaryOperator.Compare, BinaryOperator.Equals],
{ x: Real -> MyType.fromReal(x) },
{ x: MyType -> x }
)
```
Each mixed pair is independent.
## Pure Lyng Registration
This mechanism is intentionally useful from pure Lyng code, not only from Kotlin-backed modules.
That means you can:
- declare a class in Lyng
- define its operators in Lyng
- register mixed operand bridges in Lyng
without touching compiler internals.
## Where To Register
Register once during module initialization.
Top-level module code is a good place:
```lyng
package my.rational
import lyng.operators
class Rational(...)
OperatorInterop.register(...)
```
That keeps registration close to the type declaration and makes importing the module enough to activate the interop.
## What Registration Does Not Do
The registry does not:
- invent operators your common class does not implement
- change the original `Int`, `Real`, or other built-ins
- automatically cover every class pair
- replace normal method overload resolution when the left-hand class already knows what to do
It only teaches Lyng how to bridge a specific mixed pair into a common class for the listed operators.
## Recommended Design Rules
If you want interop to feel natural:
- choose one obvious common class
- make conversions explicit and unsurprising
- implement `compareTo` if you want ordering operators
- register `Equals` whenever mixed equality should work
- keep the registered operator list minimal and accurate
For decimal-like semantics, also read [Decimal.md](Decimal.md).

View File

@ -25,23 +25,6 @@ Exclusive end ranges are adopted from kotlin either:
assert(4 in r)
>>> void
Descending finite ranges are explicit too:
val r = 5 downTo 1
assert(r.isDescending)
assert(r.toList() == [5,4,3,2,1])
>>> void
Use `downUntil` when the lower bound should be excluded:
val r = 5 downUntil 1
assert(r.toList() == [5,4,3,2])
assert(1 !in r)
>>> void
This is explicit by design: `5..1` is not treated as a reverse range. It is an
ordinary ascending range with no values in it when iterated.
In any case, we can test an object to belong to using `in` and `!in` and
access limits:
@ -62,11 +45,10 @@ are equal or within another, taking into account the end-inclusiveness:
assert( (1..<3) in (1..3) )
>>> void
## Ranges are iterable
## Finite Ranges are iterable
Finite ranges are [Iterable] and can be used in loops and list conversions.
Open-ended ranges are iterable only with an explicit `step`, and open-start
ranges are never iterable.
So given a range with both ends, you can assume it is [Iterable]. This automatically let
use finite ranges in loops and convert it to lists:
assert( [-2, -1, 0, 1] == (-2..1).toList() )
>>> void
@ -80,8 +62,6 @@ In spite of this you can use ranges in for loops:
>>> 3
>>> void
The loop variable is read-only inside the loop body (behaves like a `val`).
but
for( i in 1..<3 )
@ -90,57 +70,11 @@ but
>>> 2
>>> void
Descending ranges work in `for` loops exactly the same way:
for( i in 3 downTo 1 )
println(i)
>>> 3
>>> 2
>>> 1
>>> void
And with an exclusive lower bound:
for( i in 3 downUntil 1 )
println(i)
>>> 3
>>> 2
>>> void
### Stepped ranges
Use `step` to change the iteration increment. The range bounds still define membership,
so iteration ends when the next value is no longer in the range.
assert( [1,3,5] == (1..5 step 2).toList() )
assert( [1,3] == (1..<5 step 2).toList() )
assert( [5,3,1] == (5 downTo 1 step 2).toList() )
assert( ['a','c','e'] == ('a'..'e' step 2).toList() )
>>> void
Descending ranges still use a positive `step`; the direction comes from
`downTo` / `downUntil`:
assert( ['e','c','a'] == ('e' downTo 'a' step 2).toList() )
>>> void
A negative step with `downTo` / `downUntil` is invalid.
Real ranges require an explicit step:
assert( [0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0] == (0.0..1.0 step 0.25).toList() )
>>> void
Open-ended ranges require an explicit step to iterate:
(0.. step 1).take(3).toList()
>>> [0,1,2]
## Character ranges
You can use Char as both ends of the closed range:
val r = 'a'..'c'
val r = 'a' .. 'c'
assert( 'b' in r)
assert( 'e' !in r)
for( ch in r )
@ -162,10 +96,8 @@ Exclusive end char ranges are supported too:
|-----------------|------------------------------|---------------|
| contains(other) | used in `in` | Range, or Any |
| isEndInclusive | true for '..' | Bool |
| isDescending | true for `downTo`/`downUntil`| Bool |
| isOpen | at any end | Bool |
| isIntRange | both start and end are Int | Bool |
| step | explicit iteration step | Any? |
| start | | Any? |
| end | | Any? |
| size | for finite ranges, see above | Long |
@ -173,4 +105,4 @@ Exclusive end char ranges are supported too:
Ranges are also used with the `clamp(value, range)` function and the `value.clamp(range)` extension method to limit values within boundaries.
[Iterable]: Iterable.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md

View File

@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ you can use it's class to ensure type:
|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| `.roundToInt()` | round to nearest int like round(x) | Int |
| `.toInt()` | convert integer part of real to `Int` dropping decimal part | Int |
| `.isInfinite()` | true when the value is `Infinity` or `-Infinity` | Bool |
| `.isNaN()` | true when the value is `NaN` | Bool |
| `.clamp(range)` | clamp value within range boundaries | Real |
| | | |
| | | |

View File

@ -24,14 +24,13 @@ counterpart, _not match_ operator `!~`:
When you need to find groups, and more detailed match information, use `Regex.find`:
val result: RegexMatch? = Regex("abc(\d)(\d)(\d)").find( "bad456 good abc123")
val result = Regex("abc(\d)(\d)(\d)").find( "bad456 good abc123")
assert( result != null )
val match: RegexMatch = result as RegexMatch
assertEquals( 12 ..< 17, match.range )
assertEquals( "abc123", match[0] )
assertEquals( "1", match[1] )
assertEquals( "2", match[2] )
assertEquals( "3", match[3] )
assertEquals( 12 .. 17, result.range )
assertEquals( "abc123", result[0] )
assertEquals( "1", result[1] )
assertEquals( "2", result[2] )
assertEquals( "3", result[3] )
>>> void
Note that the object `RegexMatch`, returned by [Regex.find], behaves much like in many other languages: it provides the
@ -40,12 +39,11 @@ index range and groups matches as indexes.
Match operator actually also provides `RegexMatch` in `$~` reserved variable (borrowed from Ruby too):
assert( "bad456 good abc123" =~ "abc(\d)(\d)(\d)".re )
val match2: RegexMatch = $~ as RegexMatch
assertEquals( 12 ..< 17, match2.range )
assertEquals( "abc123", match2[0] )
assertEquals( "1", match2[1] )
assertEquals( "2", match2[2] )
assertEquals( "3", match2[3] )
assertEquals( 12 .. 17, $~.range )
assertEquals( "abc123", $~[0] )
assertEquals( "1", $~[1] )
assertEquals( "2", $~[2] )
assertEquals( "3", $~[3] )
>>> void
This is often more readable than calling `find`.
@ -61,19 +59,7 @@ string can be either left or right operator, but not both:
Also, string indexing is Regex-aware, and works like `Regex.find` (_not findall!_):
assert( "cd" == ("abcdef"[ "c.".re ] as RegexMatch).value )
>>> void
Regex replacement is exposed on `String.replace` and `String.replaceFirst`:
assertEquals( "v#.#.#", "v1.2.3".replace( "\d+".re, "#" ) )
assertEquals( "v[1].[2].[3]", "v1.2.3".replace( "(\d+)".re ) { m -> "[" + m[1] + "]" } )
assertEquals( "year-04-08", "2026-04-08".replaceFirst( "\d+".re, "year" ) )
>>> void
When `replace` takes a plain `String`, it is treated literally, not as a regex pattern:
assertEquals( "a-b-c", "a.b.c".replace( ".", "-" ) )
assert( "cd" == "abcdef"[ "c.".re ].value )
>>> void
@ -102,3 +88,4 @@ When `replace` takes a plain `String`, it is treated literally, not as a regex p
[List]: List.md
[Range]: Range.md

View File

@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
# Set built-in class
# List built-in class
Mutable set of any objects: a group of different objects, no repetitions.
Sets are not ordered, order of appearance does not matter.
For immutable set values, see [ImmutableSet].
val set = Set(1,2,3, "foo")
assert( 1 in set )
@ -27,8 +26,8 @@ no indexing. Use [set.toList] as needed.
// intersection
assertEquals( Set(1,4), Set(3, 1, 4).intersect(Set(2, 4, 1)) )
// or simple (intersection)
assertEquals( Set(1,4), Set(3, 1, 4).intersect(Set(2, 4, 1)) )
// or simple
assertEquals( Set(1,4), Set(3, 1, 4) * Set(2, 4, 1) )
// To find collection elements not present in another collection, use the
// subtract() or `-`:
@ -92,5 +91,4 @@ Sets are only equal when contains exactly same elements, order, as was said, is
Also, it inherits methods from [Iterable].
[Range]: Range.md
[ImmutableSet]: ImmutableSet.md
[Range]: Range.md

View File

@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ arguments list in almost arbitrary ways. For example:
var result = ""
for( a in args ) result += a
}
// loop variables are read-only inside the loop body
assertEquals(
"4231",
@ -154,10 +153,9 @@ Function annotation can have more args specified at call time. There arguments m
@Registered("bar")
fun foo2() { "called foo2" }
val fooFn: Callable = registered["foo"] as Callable
val barFn: Callable = registered["bar"] as Callable
assertEquals(fooFn(), "called foo")
assertEquals(barFn(), "called foo2")
assertEquals(registered["foo"](), "called foo")
assertEquals(registered["bar"](), "called foo2")
>>> void
[parallelism]: parallelism.md

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@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
# Lyng Language Reference for AI Agents (Current Compiler State)
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
Purpose: dense, implementation-first reference for generating valid Lyng code.
Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,Token,Compiler,Script,TypeDecl}.kt`, `lynglib/stdlib/lyng/root.lyng`, tests in `lynglib/src/commonTest` and `lynglib/src/jvmTest`.
## 1. Ground Rules
- Resolution is compile-time-first. Avoid runtime name/member lookup assumptions.
- `lyng.stdlib` is auto-seeded for normal scripts (default import manager).
- Use explicit casts when receiver type is unknown (`Object`/`Obj`).
- Prefer modern null-safe operators (`?.`, `?:`/`??`, `?=`, `as?`, `!!`).
- Do not rely on fallback opcodes or dynamic member fallback semantics.
## 2. Lexical Syntax
- Comments: `// line`, `/* block */`.
- Strings: `"..."` or `` `...` `` (supports escapes). Multiline string content is normalized by indentation logic.
- AI generation preference: use `"..."` by default, including multiline strings; `"` strings are also multiline-capable and should be preferred for ordinary code/doc/SQL text. Use backtick strings mainly when the content contains many double quotes and backticks would make the source clearer.
- Shared escapes: `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\\`, `\uXXXX` (4 hex digits).
- Delimiter escapes: `\"` inside `"..."`, ``\` `` inside `` `...` ``.
- Unicode escapes use exactly 4 hex digits (for example: `"\u0416"` -> `Ж`).
- Unknown `\x` escapes in strings are preserved literally as two characters (`\` and `x`).
- String interpolation is supported:
- identifier form: `"$name"` or `` `$name` ``
- expression form: `"${expr}"` or `` `${expr}` ``
- escaped dollar: `"\$"`, `"$$"`, `` `\$` ``, and `` `$$` `` all produce literal `$`.
- `\\$x` means backslash + interpolated `x` in either delimiter form.
- Per-file opt-out is supported via leading comment directive:
- `// feature: interpolation: off`
- with this directive, `$...` stays literal text.
- Numbers: `Int` (`123`, `1_000`), `Real` (`1.2`, `1e3`), hex (`0xFF`).
- Char: `'a'`, escaped chars supported.
- Supported escapes: `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\'`, `\\`, `\uXXXX` (4 hex digits).
- Backslash character in a char literal must be written as `'\\'` (forms like `'\'` are invalid).
- Labels:
- statement label: `loop@ for (...) { ... }`
- label reference: `break@loop`, `continue@loop`, `return@fnLabel`
- Keywords/tokens include (contextual in many places):
- declarations: `fun`/`fn`, `val`, `var`, `class`, `object`, `interface`, `enum`, `type`, `init`
- modifiers: `private`, `protected`, `static`, `abstract`, `closed`, `override`, `extern`, `open`
- flow: `if`, `else`, `when`, `for`, `while`, `do`, `try`, `catch`, `finally`, `throw`, `return`, `break`, `continue`
## 3. Literals and Core Expressions
- Scalars: `null`, `true`, `false`, `void`.
- List literal: `[a, b, c]`, spreads with `...`.
- Spread positions: beginning, middle, end are all valid: `[...a]`, `[0, ...a, 4]`, `[head, ...mid, tail]`.
- Spread source must be a `List` at runtime (non-list spread raises an error).
- Map literal: `{ key: value, x:, ...otherMap }`.
- `x:` means shorthand `x: x`.
- Map spread source must be a `Map`.
- Range literals:
- inclusive: `a..b`
- exclusive end: `a..<b`
- descending inclusive: `a downTo b`
- descending exclusive end: `a downUntil b`
- open-ended forms are supported (`a..`, `..b`, `..`).
- optional step: `a..b step 2`, `a downTo b step 2`
- Lambda literal:
- with params: `{ x, y -> x + y }`
- implicit `it`: `{ it + 1 }`
- Ternary conditional is supported: `cond ? thenExpr : elseExpr`.
## 3.1 Splats in Calls and Lambdas
- Declaration-side variadic parameters use ellipsis suffix:
- functions: `fun f(head, tail...) { ... }`
- lambdas: `{ x, rest... -> ... }`
- Call-side splats use `...expr` and are expanded by argument kind:
- positional splat: `f(...[1,2,3])`
- named splat: `f(...{ a: 1, b: 2 })` (map-style)
- Runtime acceptance for splats:
- positional splat accepts `List` and general `Iterable` (iterable is converted to list first).
- named splat accepts `Map` with string keys only.
- Ordering/validation rules (enforced):
- positional argument cannot follow named arguments (except trailing-block parsing case).
- positional splat cannot follow named arguments.
- duplicate named arguments are errors (including duplicates introduced via named splat).
- unknown named parameters are errors.
- variadic parameter itself cannot be passed as a named argument (`fun g(args..., tail)` then `g(args: ...)` is invalid).
- Trailing block + named arguments:
- if the last callable parameter is already provided by name in parentheses, adding a trailing block is invalid.
## 4. Operators (implemented)
- Assignment: `=`, `+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `?=`.
- Logical: `||`, `&&`, unary `!`.
- Bitwise: `|`, `^`, `&`, `~`, shifts `<<`, `>>`.
- Equality/comparison: `==`, `!=`, `===`, `!==`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `<=>`, `=~`, `!~`.
- Type/containment: `is`, `!is`, `in`, `!in`, `as`, `as?`.
- Null-safe family:
- member access: `?.`
- safe index: `?[i]`, `?[i, j]`
- safe invoke: `?(...)`
- safe block invoke: `?{ ... }`
- elvis: `?:` and `??`.
- Increment/decrement: prefix and postfix `++`, `--`.
- Indexing syntax:
- single selector: `a[i]`
- multiple selectors: `a[i, j, k]`
- language-level indexing with multiple selectors is passed to `getAt`/`putAt` as one list-like index object, not as multiple method arguments.
- indexers can also be supplied by extension members, including named singleton `object` receivers via `override fun Storage.getAt(...)` / `putAt(...)`.
- example: `m[0..2, 2]`.
## 5. Declarations
- Variables:
- `val` immutable, `var` mutable.
- top-level/local `val` must be initialized.
- class `val` may be late-initialized, but must be assigned in class body/init before class parse ends.
- destructuring declaration: `val [a, b, rest...] = expr`.
- destructuring declaration details:
- allowed in `val` and `var` declarations.
- supports nested patterns: `val [a, [b, c...], d] = rhs`.
- supports at most one splat (`...`) per pattern level.
- RHS must be a `List`.
- without splat: RHS must have at least as many elements as pattern arity.
- with splat: head/tail elements are bound directly, splat receives a `List`.
- Functions:
- `fun` and `fn` are equivalent.
- full body: `fun f(x) { ... }`
- shorthand: `fun f(x) = expr`.
- generics: `fun f<T>(x: T): T`.
- extension functions: `fun Type.name(...) { ... }`.
- named singleton `object` declarations can be extension receivers too: `fun Config.describe(...) { ... }`, `val Config.tag get() = ...`.
- static extension functions are callable on the type object: `static fun List<T>.fill(...)` -> `List.fill(...)`.
- delegated callable: `fun f(...) by delegate`.
- Type aliases:
- `type Name = TypeExpr`
- generic: `type Box<T> = List<T>`
- aliases are expanded structurally.
- Classes/objects/enums/interfaces:
- `interface` is parsed as abstract class synonym.
- `object` supports named singleton and anonymous object expression forms.
- enums support lifted entries: `enum E* { A, B }`.
- multiple inheritance is supported; override is enforced when overriding base members.
- Properties/accessors in class body:
- accessor form supports `get`/`set`, including `private set`/`protected set`.
## 6. Control Flow
- `if` is expression-like.
- `compile if (cond) { ... } else { ... }` is a compile-time-only conditional.
- current condition grammar is restricted to `defined(NameOr.Package)`, `!`, `&&`, `||`, and parentheses.
- the untaken branch is skipped by the compiler and is not name-resolved or type-checked.
- `when(value) { ... }` supported.
- branch conditions support equality, `in`, `!in`, `is`, `!is`, and `nullable` predicate.
- `when { ... }` (subject-less) is currently not implemented.
- Loops: `for`, `while`, `do ... while`.
- loop `else` blocks are supported.
- `break value` can return a loop result.
- Exceptions: `try/catch/finally`, `throw`.
## 6.1 Destructuring Assignment (implemented)
- Reassignment form is supported (not only declaration):
- `[x, y] = [y, x]`
- Semantics match destructuring declaration:
- nested patterns allowed.
- at most one splat per pattern level.
- RHS must be a `List`.
- too few RHS elements raises runtime error.
- Targets in pattern are variables parsed from identifier patterns.
## 7. Type System (current behavior)
- Non-null by default (`T`), nullable with `T?`.
- `as` (checked cast), `as?` (safe cast returning `null`), `!!` non-null assertion.
- Type expressions support:
- unions `A | B`
- intersections `A & B`
- function types `(A, B)->R` and receiver form `Receiver.(A)->R`
- variadics in function type via ellipsis (`T...`)
- Generics:
- type params on classes/functions/type aliases
- bounds via `:` with union/intersection expressions
- declaration-site variance via `in` / `out`
- Generic function/class/type syntax examples:
- function: `fun choose<T>(a: T, b: T): T = a`
- class: `class Box<T>(val value: T)`
- alias: `type PairList<T> = List<List<T>>`
- Untyped params default to `Object` (`x`) or `Object?` (`x?` shorthand).
- Untyped `var x` starts as `Unset`; first assignment fixes type tracking in compiler.
## 7.1 Generics Runtime Model and Bounds (AI-critical)
- Lyng generic type information is operational in script execution contexts; do not assume JVM-style full erasure.
- Generic call type arguments can be:
- explicit at call site (`f<Int>(1)` style),
- inferred from runtime values/declared arg types,
- defaulted from type parameter defaults (or `Any` fallback).
- At function execution, generic type parameters are runtime-bound as constants in scope:
- simple non-null class-like types are bound as `ObjClass`,
- complex/nullable/union/intersection forms are bound as `ObjTypeExpr`.
- Practical implication for generated code:
- inside generic code, treat type params as usable type objects in `is`/`in`/type-expression logic (not as purely compile-time placeholders).
- example pattern: `if (value is T) { ... }`.
- Bound syntax (implemented):
- intersection bound: `fun f<T: A & B>(x: T) { ... }`
- union bound: `fun g<T: A | B>(x: T) { ... }`
- Bound checks happen at two points:
- compile-time call checking for resolvable generic calls,
- runtime re-check while binding type params for actual invocation.
- Bound satisfaction is currently class-hierarchy based for class-resolvable parts (including union/intersection combination rules).
- Keep expectations realistic:
- extern-generic runtime ABI for full instance-level generic metadata is still proposal-level (`proposals/extern_generic_runtime_abi.md`), so avoid assuming fully materialized generic-instance metadata everywhere.
## 7.2 Differences vs Java / Kotlin / Scala
- Java:
- Java generics are erased at runtime (except reflection metadata and raw `Class` tokens).
- Lyng generic params in script execution are runtime-bound type objects, so generated code can reason about `T` directly.
- Kotlin:
- Kotlin on JVM is mostly erased; full runtime type access usually needs `inline reified`.
- Lyng generic function execution binds `T` without requiring an inline/reified escape hatch.
- Scala:
- Scala has richer static typing but still runs on JVM erasure model unless carrying explicit runtime evidence (`TypeTag`, etc.).
- Lyng exposes runtime-bound type expressions/classes directly in generic execution scope.
- AI generation rule:
- do not port JVM-language assumptions like “`T` unavailable at runtime unless reified/tagged”.
- in Lyng, prefer direct type-expression-driven branching when useful, but avoid assuming extern object generic args are always introspectable today.
## 8. OOP, Members, and Dispatch
- Multiple inheritance with C3-style linearization behavior is implemented in class machinery.
- Disambiguation helpers are supported:
- qualified this: `this@Base.member()`
- cast view: `(obj as Base).member()`
- On unknown receiver types, compiler allows only Object-safe members:
- `toString`, `toInspectString`, `let`, `also`, `apply`, `run`
- Other members require known receiver type or explicit cast.
## 9. Delegation (`by`)
- Works for `val`, `var`, and `fun`.
- Expected delegate hooks in practice:
- `getValue(thisRef, name)`
- `setValue(thisRef, name, newValue)`
- `invoke(thisRef, name, args...)` for delegated callables
- optional `bind(name, access, thisRef)`
- `@Transient` is recognized for declarations/params and affects serialization/equality behavior.
## 10. Modules and Imports
- `package` and `import module.name` are supported.
- Import form is module-only (no aliasing/selective import syntax in parser).
- Default module ecosystem includes:
- auto-seeded: `lyng.stdlib`
- available by import: `lyng.observable`, `lyng.buffer`, `lyng.serialization`, `lyng.time`
- extra module (when installed): `lyng.io.fs`, `lyng.io.process`
## 11. Current Limitations / Avoid
- No subject-less `when { ... }` yet.
- No regex literal tokenization (`/.../`); use `Regex("...")` or `"...".re`.
- Do not generate runtime name fallback patterns from legacy docs.

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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# AI notes: avoid Kotlin/Wasm invalid IR with suspend lambdas
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
## Do
- Prefer explicit `object : Statement()` with `override suspend fun execute(...)` when building compiler statements.
- Keep `Statement` objects non-lambda, especially in compiler hot paths like parsing/var declarations.

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@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
# Lyng Stdlib Reference for AI Agents (Compact)
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
Purpose: fast overview of what is available by default and what must be imported.
Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/stdlib/lyng/root.lyng`, `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/stdlib_included/observable_lyng.kt`.
## 1. Default Availability
- Normal scripts are auto-seeded with `lyng.stdlib` (default import manager path).
- Root runtime scope also exposes global constants/functions directly.
## 2. Core Global Functions (Root Scope)
- IO/debug: `print`, `println`, `traceScope`.
- Invocation/util: `call`, `run`, `dynamic`, `cached`, `lazy`.
- Assertions/tests: `assert`, `assertEquals`/`assertEqual`, `assertNotEquals`, `assertThrows`.
- Preconditions: `require`, `check`.
- Async/concurrency: `launch`, `yield`, `flow`, `delay`.
- `Deferred.cancel()` cancels an active task.
- `Deferred.await()` throws `CancellationException` if that task was cancelled.
- Math: `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, `sin`, `cos`, `tan`, `asin`, `acos`, `atan`, `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`, `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh`, `exp`, `ln`, `log10`, `log2`, `pow`, `sqrt`, `abs`, `clamp`.
- These helpers also accept `lyng.decimal.Decimal`.
- Exact Decimal path today: `abs`, `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, and `pow` with integral exponent.
- Temporary Decimal path for the rest: convert `Decimal -> Real`, compute, then convert back to `Decimal`.
- Treat that bridge as temporary; prefer native Decimal implementations when they become available.
## 3. Core Global Constants/Types
- Values: `Unset`, `π`.
- Primitive/class symbols: `Object`, `Int`, `Real`, `Bool`, `Char`, `String`, `Class`, `Callable`.
- Collections/types: `Iterable`, `Iterator`, `Collection`, `Array`, `List`, `ImmutableList`, `Set`, `ImmutableSet`, `Map`, `ImmutableMap`, `MapEntry`, `Range`, `RingBuffer`.
- Random: singleton `Random` and class `SeededRandom`.
- Async types: `Deferred`, `CompletableDeferred`, `Mutex`, `Flow`, `FlowBuilder`.
- Async exception: `CancellationException`.
- Delegation types: `Delegate`, `DelegateContext`.
- Regex types: `Regex`, `RegexMatch`.
- Also present: `Math.PI` namespace constant.
## 4. `lyng.stdlib` Module Surface (from `root.lyng`)
### 4.1 Extern class declarations
- Exceptions/delegation base: `Exception`, `CancellationException`, `IllegalArgumentException`, `NotImplementedException`, `Delegate`.
- Collections and iterables: `Iterable<T>`, `Iterator<T>`, `Collection<T>`, `Array<T>`, `List<T>`, `ImmutableList<T>`, `Set<T>`, `ImmutableSet<T>`, `Map<K,V>`, `ImmutableMap<K,V>`, `MapEntry<K,V>`, `RingBuffer<T>`.
- Host iterator bridge: `KotlinIterator<T>`.
- Random APIs: `extern object Random`, `extern class SeededRandom`.
### 4.2 High-use extension APIs
- Iteration/filtering: `forEach`, `filter`, `filterFlow`, `filterNotNull`, `filterFlowNotNull`, `drop`, `dropLast`, `takeLast`.
- Search/predicates: `findFirst`, `findFirstOrNull`, `any`, `all`, `count`, `first`, `last`.
- Mapping/aggregation: `map`, `flatMap`, `flatten`, `sum`, `sumOf`, `minOf`, `maxOf`.
- Ordering and list building: `sorted`, `sortedBy`, `shuffled`, `List.sort`, `List.sortBy`, `List.fill`.
- `List.fill(size) { index -> ... }` constructs a new `List<T>` by evaluating the block once per index from `0` to `size - 1`.
- String helper: `joinToString`, `String.re`.
### 4.3 Delegation helpers
- `enum DelegateAccess { Val, Var, Callable }`
- `interface Delegate<T,ThisRefType=void>` with `getValue`, `setValue`, `invoke`, `bind`.
- `class lazy<T,...>` delegate implementation.
- `fun with(self, block)` helper.
### 4.4 Other module-level symbols
- `$~` (last regex match object).
- `TODO(message?)` utility.
- `StackTraceEntry` class.
- `Random.nextInt()`, `Random.nextFloat()`, `Random.next(range)`, `Random.seeded(seed)`.
- `SeededRandom.nextInt()`, `SeededRandom.nextFloat()`, `SeededRandom.next(range)`.
## 5. Additional Built-in Modules (import explicitly)
- `import lyng.observable`
- `Observable`, `Subscription`, `ObservableList`, `ListChange` and change subtypes, `ChangeRejectionException`.
- `import lyng.decimal`
- `Decimal`, `DecimalContext`, `DecimalRounding`, `withDecimalContext(...)`.
- Kotlin host helper: `ScopeFacade.newDecimal(BigDecimal)` wraps an ionspin host decimal as a Lyng `Decimal`.
- `import lyng.complex`
- `Complex`, `complex(re, im)`, `cis(angle)`, and numeric embedding extensions such as `2.i` / `3.re`.
- `import lyng.matrix`
- `Matrix`, `Vector`, `matrix(rows)`, `vector(values)`, dense linear algebra, inversion, solving, and matrix slicing with `m[row, col]`.
- `import lyng.buffer`
- `Buffer`, `MutableBuffer`.
- `import lyng.legacy_digest`
- `LegacyDigest.sha1(data): String` — SHA-1 hex digest; `data` may be `String` (UTF-8) or `Buffer` (raw bytes).
- ⚠️ Cryptographically broken. Use only for legacy protocol / file-format compatibility.
- `import lyng.serialization`
- `Lynon` serialization utilities.
- `import lyng.time`
- `Instant`, `Date`, `DateTime`, `Duration`, and module `delay`.
## 6. Optional (lyngio) Modules
Requires installing `lyngio` into the import manager from host code.
- `import lyng.io.fs` (filesystem `Path` API)
- `import lyng.io.process` (process execution API)
- `import lyng.io.console` (console capabilities, geometry, ANSI/output, events)
- `import lyng.io.http` (HTTP/HTTPS client API)
- `import lyng.io.ws` (WebSocket client API; currently supported on JVM, capability-gated elsewhere)
- `import lyng.io.net` (TCP/UDP transport API; currently supported on JVM, capability-gated elsewhere)
## 7. AI Generation Tips
- Assume `lyng.stdlib` APIs exist in regular script contexts.
- For platform-sensitive code (`fs`, `process`, `console`, `http`, `ws`, `net`), gate assumptions and mention required module install.
- Prefer extension-method style (`items.filter { ... }`) and standard scope helpers (`let`/`also`/`apply`/`run`).

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@ -34,18 +34,13 @@ Valid examples:
Ellipsis are used to declare variadic arguments. It basically means "all the arguments available here". It means, ellipsis argument could be in any part of the list, being, end or middle, but there could be only one ellipsis argument and it must not have default value, its default value is always `[]`, en empty list.
Ellipsis can also appear in **function types** to denote a variadic position:
var f: (Int, Object..., String)->Real
var anyArgs: (...)->Int // shorthand for (Object...)->Int
Ellipsis argument receives what is left from arguments after processing regular one that could be before or after.
Ellipsis could be a first argument:
fun testCountArgs(data...,size) {
assert(size is Int)
assertEquals(size, (data as List).size)
assertEquals(size, data.size)
}
testCountArgs( 1, 2, "three", 3)
>>> void
@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ Ellipsis could also be a last one:
fun testCountArgs(size, data...) {
assert(size is Int)
assertEquals(size, (data as List).size)
assertEquals(size, data.size)
}
testCountArgs( 3, 10, 2, "three")
>>> void
@ -63,7 +58,7 @@ Or in the middle:
fun testCountArgs(size, data..., textToReturn) {
assert(size is Int)
assertEquals(size, (data as List).size)
assertEquals(size, data.size)
textToReturn
}
testCountArgs( 3, 10, 2, "three", "All OK")

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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
# Some resources to download
## Lync CLI tool
- [lyng-linuxX64.zip](/distributables/lyng-linuxX64.zip) CLI tool for linuxX64: nodependencies, small monolith executable binary.
- [lyng-jvm.zip](/distributables/lyng-jvm.zip) JVM CLI distribution: download, unpack, and run `lyng-jvm/bin/lyng`.
## IDE plugins
- [lyng-textmate.zip](../../lyng/distributables/lyng-textmate.zip) Texmate-compatible bundle with syntax coloring (could be outdated)
- [lyng-idea-0.0.5-SNAPSHOT.zip](/distributables/lyng-idea-0.0.5-SNAPSHOT.zip) - plugin for IntelliJ-compatible IDE

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@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
# Embedding Lyng in your Kotlin project
[//]: # (topMenu)
Lyng is a tiny, embeddable, Kotlin‑first scripting language. This page shows, step by step, how to:
- add Lyng to your build
- create a runtime and execute scripts
- declare extern globals in Lyng and bind them from Kotlin
- define functions and variables from Kotlin
- read variable values back in Kotlin
- call Lyng functions from Kotlin
- create your own packages and import them in Lyng
@ -38,60 +36,21 @@ dependencies {
If you use Kotlin Multiplatform, add the dependency in the `commonMain` source set (and platform‑specific sets if you need platform APIs).
### 2) Preferred runtime: `EvalSession`
### 2) Create a runtime (Scope) and execute scripts
For host applications, prefer `EvalSession` as the main way to run scripts.
It owns one reusable Lyng scope, serializes `eval(...)` calls, and governs coroutines started from Lyng `launch { ... }`.
Main entrypoints:
- `session.eval(code)` / `session.eval(source)`
- `session.getScope()` when you need low-level binding APIs
- `session.cancel()` to cancel active session-owned coroutines
- `session.join()` to wait for active session-owned coroutines
```kotlin
fun main() = kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
// Evaluate a one‑liner
val result = session.eval("1 + 2 * 3")
println("Lyng result: $result") // ObjReal/ObjInt etc.
// Optional lifecycle management
session.join()
}
```
The session creates its underlying scope lazily. If you need raw low-level APIs, get the scope explicitly:
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
```
Use `cancel()` / `join()` to govern async work started by scripts:
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
session.eval("""launch { delay(1000); println("done") }""")
session.cancel()
session.join()
```
### 2.1) Low-level runtime: `Scope`
Use `Scope` directly when you intentionally want lower-level control.
The easiest way to get a ready‑to‑use scope with standard packages is via `Script.newScope()`.
```kotlin
fun main() = kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking {
val scope = Script.newScope() // suspends on first init
// Evaluate a one‑liner
val result = scope.eval("1 + 2 * 3")
println("Lyng result: $result")
println("Lyng result: $result") // ObjReal/ObjInt etc.
}
```
You can also pre‑compile a script and execute it multiple times on the same scope:
You can also pre‑compile a script and execute it multiple times:
```kotlin
val script = Compiler.compile("""
@ -104,98 +63,34 @@ val run1 = script.execute(scope)
val run2 = script.execute(scope)
```
`Scope.eval("...")` is the low-level shortcut that compiles and executes on the given scope.
For most embedding use cases, prefer `session.eval("...")`.
`Scope.eval("...")` is a shortcut that compiles and executes on the given scope.
### 3) Preferred: bind extern globals from Kotlin
### 3) Define variables from Kotlin
For module-level APIs, the default workflow is:
1. declare globals in Lyng using `extern fun` / `extern val` / `extern var`;
2. bind Kotlin implementation via `ModuleScope.globalBinder()`.
This is also the recommended way to expose a Kotlin-backed value that should behave like a true
Lyng global variable/property. If you need `x` to read/write through Kotlin on every access, use
`extern var` / `extern val` plus `bindGlobalVar(...)`.
Do not use `addConst(...)` for this case: `addConst(...)` installs a value, not a Kotlin-backed
property accessor. It is appropriate for fixed values and objects, but not for a global that should
delegate reads/writes back into Kotlin state.
To expose data to Lyng, add constants (read‑only) or mutable variables to the scope. All values in Lyng are `Obj` instances; the core types live in `net.sergeych.lyng.obj`.
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.bridge.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
// Read‑only constant
scope.addConst("pi", ObjReal(3.14159))
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val im = Script.defaultImportManager.copy()
im.addPackage("my.api") { module ->
module.eval("""
extern fun globalFun(v: Int): Int
extern var globalProp: String
extern val globalVersion: String
""".trimIndent())
// Mutable variable: create or update
scope.addOrUpdateItem("counter", ObjInt(0))
val binder = module.globalBinder()
binder.bindGlobalFun1<Int>("globalFun") { v ->
ObjInt.of((v + 1).toLong())
}
var prop = "initial"
binder.bindGlobalVar(
name = "globalProp",
get = { prop },
set = { prop = it }
)
binder.bindGlobalVar(
name = "globalVersion",
get = { "1.0.0" } // readonly: setter omitted
)
}
// Use it from Lyng
scope.eval("counter = counter + 1")
```
Usage from Lyng:
```lyng
import my.api
assertEquals(42, globalFun(41))
assertEquals("initial", globalProp)
globalProp = "changed"
assertEquals("changed", globalProp)
assertEquals("1.0.0", globalVersion)
```
Minimal rule of thumb:
- use `bindGlobalFun(...)` for global functions
- use `bindGlobalVar(...)` for Kotlin-backed global variables/properties
- use `addConst(...)` only for fixed values/objects that do not need getter/setter behavior
For custom argument handling and full runtime access:
Tip: Lyng values can be converted back to Kotlin with `toKotlin(scope)`:
```kotlin
binder.bindGlobalFun("sum3") {
requireExactCount(3)
ObjInt.of((int(0) + int(1) + int(2)).toLong())
}
binder.bindGlobalFunRaw("echoRaw") { _, args ->
args.firstAndOnly()
}
val current = (scope.eval("counter")).toKotlin(scope) // Any? (e.g., Int/Double/String/List)
```
### 4) Low-level: direct functions/variables from Kotlin
### 4) Add Kotlin‑backed functions
Use this when you intentionally want raw `Scope` APIs. For most module APIs, prefer section 3.
Use `Scope.addFn`/`addVoidFn` to register functions implemented in Kotlin. Inside the lambda, use `this.args` to access arguments and return an `Obj`.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
// A function returning value
scope.addFn<ObjInt>("inc") {
val x = args.firstAndOnly() as ObjInt
@ -214,95 +109,16 @@ scope.addVoidFn("log") {
// }
// Call them from Lyng
session.eval("val y = inc(41); log('Answer:', y)")
scope.eval("val y = inc(41); log('Answer:', y)")
```
You can register multiple names (aliases) at once: `addFn<ObjInt>("inc", "increment") { ... }`.
Scope-backed Kotlin lambdas receive a `ScopeFacade` (not a full `Scope`). For migration and convenience, these utilities are available on the facade:
- Access: `args`, `pos`, `thisObj`, `get(name)`
- Invocation: `call(...)`, `resolve(...)`, `assign(...)`, `toStringOf(...)`, `inspect(...)`, `trace(...)`
- Args helpers: `requiredArg<T>()`, `requireOnlyArg<T>()`, `requireExactCount(...)`, `requireNoArgs()`, `thisAs<T>()`
- Errors: `raiseError(...)`, `raiseClassCastError(...)`, `raiseIllegalArgument(...)`, `raiseIllegalState(...)`, `raiseNoSuchElement(...)`,
`raiseSymbolNotFound(...)`, `raiseNotImplemented(...)`, `raiseNPE()`, `raiseIndexOutOfBounds(...)`, `raiseIllegalAssignment(...)`,
`raiseUnset(...)`, `raiseNotFound(...)`, `raiseAssertionFailed(...)`, `raiseIllegalOperation(...)`, `raiseIterationFinished()`
If you truly need the full `Scope` (e.g., for low-level interop), use `requireScope()` explicitly.
### 4.5) Indexers from Kotlin: `getAt` and `putAt`
Lyng bracket syntax is dispatched through `getAt` and `putAt`.
That means:
- `x[i]` calls `getAt(index)`
- `x[i] = value` calls `putAt(index, value)` or `setAt(index, value)`
- field-like `x["name"]` also uses the same index path unless you expose a real field/property
For Kotlin-backed classes, bind indexers as ordinary methods named `getAt` and `putAt`:
```kotlin
moduleScope.eval("""
extern class Grid {
override fun getAt(index: List<Int>): Int
override fun putAt(index: List<Int>, value: Int): void
}
""".trimIndent())
moduleScope.bind("Grid") {
init { _ -> data = IntArray(4) }
addFun("getAt") {
val index = args.requiredArg<ObjList>(0)
val row = (index.list[0] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val col = (index.list[1] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val data = (thisObj as ObjInstance).data as IntArray
ObjInt.of(data[row * 2 + col].toLong())
}
addFun("putAt") {
val index = args.requiredArg<ObjList>(0)
val value = args.requiredArg<ObjInt>(1).value.toInt()
val row = (index.list[0] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val col = (index.list[1] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val data = (thisObj as ObjInstance).data as IntArray
data[row * 2 + col] = value
ObjVoid
}
}
```
Usage from Lyng:
```lyng
val g = Grid()
g[0, 1] = 42
assertEquals(42, g[0, 1])
```
Important rule: multiple selectors inside brackets are packed into one index object.
So:
- `x[i]` passes `i`
- `x[i, j]` passes a `List` containing `[i, j]`
- `x[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
This applies equally to:
- Kotlin-backed classes
- Lyng classes overriding `getAt`
- `dynamic { get { ... } set { ... } }`
If you want multi-axis slicing semantics, decode that list yourself in `getAt`.
### 5) Add Kotlin‑backed fields
If you need a simple field (with a value) instead of a computed property, use `createField`. This adds a field to the class that will be present in all its instances.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val myClass = ObjClass("MyClass")
// Add a read-only field (constant)
@ -330,8 +146,6 @@ println(instance.count) // -> 5
Properties in Lyng are pure accessors (getters and setters) and do not have automatic backing fields. You can add them to a class using `addProperty`.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val myClass = ObjClass("MyClass")
var internalValue: Long = 10
@ -368,172 +182,17 @@ instance.value = 42
println(instance.value) // -> 42
```
### 6.5) Preferred: bind Kotlin implementations to declared Lyng classes
For extensions and libraries, the **preferred** workflow is Lyng‑first: declare the class and its members in Lyng, then bind the Kotlin implementations using the bridge.
This keeps Lyng semantics (visibility, overrides, type checks) in Lyng, while Kotlin supplies the behavior.
Pure extern declarations use the simplified rule set:
- `extern class` / `extern object` are declaration-only ABI surfaces.
- Every member in their body is implicitly extern (you may still write `extern`, but it is redundant).
- Plain Lyng member implementations inside `extern class` / `extern object` are not allowed.
- Put Lyng behavior into regular classes or extension methods.
```lyng
// Lyng side (in a module)
class Counter {
extern var value: Int
extern fun inc(by: Int): Int
}
```
Note: members of `extern class` / `extern object` are treated as extern by default, so the compiler emits ABI slots that Kotlin bindings attach to. This applies to functions and properties bound via `addFun` / `addVal` / `addVar`.
Example of pure extern class declaration:
```lyng
extern class HostCounter {
var value: Int
fun inc(by: Int): Int
}
```
If you need Lyng-side convenience behavior, add it as an extension:
```lyng
fun HostCounter.bump() = inc(1)
```
```kotlin
// Kotlin side (binding)
val moduleScope = Script.newScope() // or an existing module scope
moduleScope.eval("class Counter { extern var value: Int; extern fun inc(by: Int): Int }")
moduleScope.bind("Counter") {
addVar(
name = "value",
get = { thisObj.readField(this, "value").value },
set = { v -> thisObj.writeField(this, "value", v) }
)
addFun("inc") {
val by = args.requiredArg<ObjInt>(0).value
val current = thisObj.readField(this, "value").value as ObjInt
val next = ObjInt(current.value + by)
thisObj.writeField(this, "value", next)
next
}
}
```
Notes:
- Binding must happen **before** the first instance is created.
- Use [LyngClassBridge] to bind by name/module, or by an already resolved `ObjClass`.
- Use `ObjInstance.data` / `ObjClass.classData` to attach Kotlin‑side state when needed.
### 6.5a) Bind Kotlin implementations to declared Lyng objects
For `extern object` declarations, bind implementations to the singleton instance using `ModuleScope.bindObject`.
This mirrors class binding but targets an already created object instance.
As with class binding, you must first add/evaluate the Lyng declaration into that module scope, then bind Kotlin handlers.
```kotlin
// Kotlin side (binding)
val moduleScope = importManager.createModuleScope(Pos.builtIn, "bridge.obj")
// 1) Seed the module with the Lyng declaration first
moduleScope.eval("""
extern object HostObject {
extern fun add(a: Int, b: Int): Int
extern val status: String
extern var count: Int
}
""".trimIndent())
// 2) Then bind Kotlin implementations to that declared object
moduleScope.bindObject("HostObject") {
classData = "OK"
init { _ -> data = 0L }
addFun("add") {
val a = args.requiredArg<ObjInt>(0).value
val b = args.requiredArg<ObjInt>(1).value
ObjInt.of(a + b)
}
addVal("status") { ObjString(classData as String) }
addVar(
"count",
get = { ObjInt.of((thisObj as ObjInstance).data as Long) },
set = { value -> (thisObj as ObjInstance).data = (value as ObjInt).value }
)
}
```
Notes:
- Required order: declare/eval Lyng object in the module first, then call `bindObject(...)`.
This is the pattern covered by `BridgeBindingTest.testExternObjectBinding`.
- Members must be extern (explicitly, or implicitly via `extern object`) so the compiler emits ABI slots for Kotlin bindings.
- You can also bind by name/module via `LyngObjectBridge.bind(...)`.
Minimal `extern fun` example:
```kotlin
val moduleScope = importManager.createModuleScope(Pos.builtIn, "bridge.ping")
moduleScope.eval("""
extern object HostObject {
extern fun ping(): Int
}
""".trimIndent())
moduleScope.bindObject("HostObject") {
addFun("ping") { ObjInt.of(7) }
}
```
### 6.6) Preferred: Kotlin reflection bridge for call‑by‑name
For Kotlin code that needs dynamic access to Lyng variables, functions, or members, use the bridge resolver.
It provides explicit, cached handles and predictable lookup rules.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("""
val x = 40
fun add(a, b) = a + b
class Box { var value = 1 }
""")
val resolver = scope.resolver()
// Read a top‑level value
val x = resolver.resolveVal("x").get(scope)
// Call a function by name (cached inside the resolver)
val sum = (resolver as BridgeCallByName).callByName(scope, "add", Arguments(ObjInt(1), ObjInt(2)))
// Member access
val box = session.eval("Box()")
val valueHandle = resolver.resolveMemberVar(box, "value")
valueHandle.set(scope, ObjInt(10))
val value = valueHandle.get(scope)
```
### 7) Read variable values back in Kotlin
The simplest approach: evaluate an expression that yields the value and convert it.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val kotlinAnswer = session.eval("(1 + 2) * 3").toKotlin(scope) // -> 9 (Int)
val kotlinAnswer = scope.eval("(1 + 2) * 3").toKotlin(scope) // -> 9 (Int)
// After scripts manipulate your vars:
scope.addOrUpdateItem("name", ObjString("Lyng"))
session.eval("name = name + ' rocks!'")
val kotlinName = session.eval("name").toKotlin(scope) // -> "Lyng rocks!"
scope.eval("name = name + ' rocks!'")
val kotlinName = scope.eval("name").toKotlin(scope) // -> "Lyng rocks!"
```
Advanced: you can also grab a variable record directly via `scope.get(name)` and work with its `Obj` value, but evaluating `"name"` is often clearer and enforces Lyng semantics consistently.
@ -546,20 +205,16 @@ There are two convenient patterns.
```kotlin
// Suppose Lyng defines: fun add(a, b) = a + b
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
scope.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
val sum = session.eval("add(20, 22)").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
val sum = scope.eval("add(20, 22)").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
```
2) Call a Lyng function by name via a prepared call scope:
```kotlin
// Ensure the function exists in the scope
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
scope.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
// Look up the function object
val addFn = scope.get("add")!!.value as Statement
@ -587,47 +242,27 @@ Key concepts:
Register a Kotlin‑built package:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.bridge.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val scope = Script.newScope()
// Access the import manager behind this scope
val im: ImportManager = scope.importManager
// Register a package "my.tools"
im.addPackage("my.tools") { module: ModuleScope ->
module.eval(
"""
extern val version: String
extern var status: String
extern fun triple(x: Int): Int
""".trimIndent()
)
val binder = module.globalBinder()
var status = "ready"
binder.bindGlobalVar(
name = "version",
get = { "1.0" }
)
binder.bindGlobalVar(
name = "status",
get = { status },
set = { status = it }
)
binder.bindGlobalFun1<Int>("triple") { x ->
ObjInt.of((x * 3).toLong())
// Expose symbols inside the module scope
module.addConst("version", ObjString("1.0"))
module.addFn<ObjInt>("triple") {
val x = args.firstAndOnly() as ObjInt
ObjInt(x.value * 3)
}
}
// Use it from Lyng
session.eval("""
scope.eval("""
import my.tools.*
val v = triple(14)
status = "busy"
""")
val v = session.eval("v").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
val v = scope.eval("v").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
```
Register a package from Lyng source text:
@ -641,27 +276,24 @@ val pkgText = """
scope.importManager.addTextPackages(pkgText)
session.eval("""
scope.eval("""
import math.extra.*
val s = sqr(12)
""")
val s = session.eval("s").toKotlin(scope) // -> 144
val s = scope.eval("s").toKotlin(scope) // -> 144
```
You can also register from parsed `Source` instances via `addSourcePackages(source)`.
### 10) Executing from files, security, and isolation
- To run code from a file, read it and pass to `session.eval(text)` or compile with `Compiler.compile(Source(fileName, text))`.
- To run code from a file, read it and pass to `scope.eval(text)` or compile with `Compiler.compile(Source(fileName, text))`.
- `ImportManager` takes an optional `SecurityManager` if you need to restrict what packages or operations are available. By default, `Script.defaultImportManager` allows everything suitable for embedded use; clamp it down in sandboxed environments.
- For isolation, prefer a fresh `EvalSession()` per request. Use `Scope.new()` / `Script.newScope()` when you specifically need low-level raw scopes or modules.
- For isolation, create fresh modules/scopes via `Scope.new()` or `Script.newScope()` when you need a clean environment per request.
```kotlin
// Preferred per-request runtime:
val isolatedSession = EvalSession()
// Low-level fresh module based on the default manager, without the standard prelude:
val isolatedScope = net.sergeych.lyng.Scope.new()
// Fresh module based on the default manager, without the standard prelude
val isolated = net.sergeych.lyng.Scope.new()
```
### 11) Tips and troubleshooting
@ -696,11 +328,8 @@ To simplify handling these objects from Kotlin, several extension methods are pr
You can serialize Lyng exception objects using `Lynon` to transmit them across boundaries and then rethrow them.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
try {
session.eval("throw MyUserException(404, \"Not Found\")")
scope.eval("throw MyUserException(404, \"Not Found\")")
} catch (e: ExecutionError) {
// 1. Serialize the Lyng exception object
val encoded: UByteArray = lynonEncodeAny(scope, e.errorObject)

View File

@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
# Generics and type expressions
This document covers generics, bounds, unions/intersections, and the rules for type expressions in Lyng.
# Generic parameters
Declare type parameters with `<...>` on functions and classes:
fun id<T>(x: T): T = x
class Box<T>(val value: T)
Type arguments are usually inferred at call sites:
val b = Box(10) // Box<Int>
val s = id("ok") // T is String
# Bounds
Use `:` to set bounds. Bounds may be unions (`|`) or intersections (`&`):
fun sum<T: Int | Real>(x: T, y: T) = x + y
class Named<T: Iterable & Comparable>(val data: T)
Bounds are checked at compile time. For union bounds, the argument must fit at least one option. For intersection bounds, it must fit all options.
# Variance
Generic types are invariant by default. You can specify declaration-site variance:
class Source<out T>(val value: T)
class Sink<in T> { fun accept(x: T) { ... } }
`out` makes the type covariant (produced), `in` makes it contravariant (consumed).
# Type aliases
Type aliases name type expressions (including unions/intersections):
type Num = Int | Real
type AB = A & B
Aliases can be generic and can use bounds and defaults:
type Maybe<T> = T?
type IntList<T: Int> = List<T>
Aliases expand to their underlying type expressions. They can be used anywhere a type expression is expected.
# Inference rules
- Literals set obvious types (`1` is `Int`, `1.0` is `Real`, etc.).
- Empty list literals default to `List<Object>` unless constrained by context.
- Non-empty list literals infer element type as a union of element types.
- Map literals infer key and value types; named keys are `String`.
Examples:
val a = [1, 2, 3] // List<Int>
val b = [1, "two", true] // List<Int | String | Bool>
val c: List<Int> = [] // List<Int>
val m1 = { "a": 1, "b": 2 } // Map<String, Int>
val m2 = { "a": 1, "b": "x" } // Map<String, Int | String>
val m3 = { ...m1, "c": true } // Map<String, Int | Bool>
Map spreads carry key/value types when possible.
Spreads propagate element type when possible:
val base = [1, 2]
val mix = [...base, 3] // List<Int>
# Type expressions
Type expressions include simple types, generics, unions, and intersections:
Int
List<String>
Int | String
Iterable & Comparable
These type expressions can appear in casts and `is` checks.
# `is`, `in`, and `==` with type expressions
There are two categories of `is` checks:
1) Value checks: `x is T`
- `x` is a value, `T` is a type expression.
- This is a runtime instance check.
2) Type checks: `T1 is T2`
- both sides are type expressions (class objects or unions/intersections).
- This is a *type-subset* check: every value of `T1` must fit in `T2`.
Exact type expression equality uses `==` and is structural (union/intersection order does not matter).
Includes checks use `in` with type expressions:
A in T
This means `A` is a subset of `T` (the same relation as `A is T`).
Examples (T = A | B):
T == A // false
T is A // false
A in T // true
B in T // true
T is A | B // true
# Nullability checks for types
Use `is nullable` to check whether a type expression accepts `null`:
T is nullable
T !is nullable
This works with concrete and generic types:
fun describe<T>(x: T): String = when (T) {
nullable -> "nullable"
else -> "non-null"
}
Equivalent legacy form:
null is T
# Practical examples
fun acceptInts<T: Int>(xs: List<T>) { }
acceptInts([1, 2, 3])
// acceptInts([1, "a"]) -> compile-time error
fun f<T>(list: List<T>) {
assert( T is Int | String | Bool )
assert( !(T is Int) )
assert( Int in T )
}
f([1, "two", true])
# Notes
- `T` is reified as a type expression when needed (e.g., union/intersection). When it is a single class, `T` is that class object.
- Type expression checks are compile-time where possible; runtime checks only happen for `is` on values and explicit casts.

View File

@ -9,12 +9,9 @@ should be compatible with other IDEA flavors, notably [OpenIDE](https://openide.
- reformat code (indents, spaces)
- reformat on paste
- smart enter key
- `.lyng.d` definition files (merged into analysis for completion, navigation, Quick Docs, and error checking)
Features are configurable via the plugin settings page, in system settings.
See `docs/lyng_d_files.md` for `.lyng.d` syntax and examples.
> Recommended for IntelliJ-based IDEs: While IntelliJ can import TextMate bundles
> (Settings/Preferences → Editor → TextMate Bundles), the native Lyng plugin provides
> better support (formatting, smart enter, background analysis, etc.). Prefer installing
@ -29,4 +26,4 @@ See `docs/lyng_d_files.md` for `.lyng.d` syntax and examples.
### [Download plugin v0.0.2-SNAPSHOT](https://lynglang.com/distributables/lyng-idea-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.zip)
Your ideas and bugreports are welcome on the [project gitea page](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng/issues)
Your ideas and bugreports are welcome on the [project gitea page](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng/issues)

View File

@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ data class TestJson2(
@Test
fun deserializeMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
val session = EvalSession()
val x = session.eval("""
val x = eval("""
import lyng.serialization
{ value: 1, inner: { "foo": 1, "bar": 2 }}
""".trimIndent()).decodeSerializable<TestJson2>()
@ -144,8 +143,7 @@ data class TestJson3(
)
@Test
fun deserializeAnyMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
val session = EvalSession()
val x = session.eval("""
val x = eval("""
import lyng.serialization
{ value: 12, inner: { "foo": 1, "bar": "two" }}
""".trimIndent()).decodeSerializable<TestJson3>()
@ -177,3 +175,4 @@ on [Instant](time.md), see `Instant.truncateTo...` functions.
(3)
: Map keys must be strings, map values may be any objects serializable to Json.

View File

@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.console
`lyng.io.console` provides optional rich console support for terminal applications.
> **Note:** this module is part of `lyngio`. It must be explicitly installed into the import manager by host code.
>
> **CLI note:** the `lyng` CLI now installs `lyng.io.console` in its base scope by default, so scripts can simply `import lyng.io.console`.
#### Install in host
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
suspend fun initScope() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, scope)
}
```
#### Use in Lyng script
```lyng
import lyng.io.console
println("supported = " + Console.isSupported())
println("tty = " + Console.isTty())
println("ansi = " + Console.ansiLevel())
println("geometry = " + Console.geometry())
Console.write("hello\n")
Console.home()
Console.clear()
Console.moveTo(1, 1)
Console.clearLine()
Console.enterAltScreen()
Console.leaveAltScreen()
Console.setCursorVisible(true)
Console.flush()
```
#### Tetris sample
The repository includes a full interactive Tetris sample that demonstrates:
- alternate screen rendering
- raw keyboard input
- resize handling
- typed console events
![Lyng Tetris sample](/tetris.png)
Run it from the project root in a real TTY:
```bash
lyng examples/tetris_console.lyng
```
#### API
- `Console.isSupported(): Bool` — whether console control is available on this platform/runtime.
- `Console.isTty(): Bool` — whether output is attached to a TTY.
- `Console.ansiLevel(): ConsoleAnsiLevel``NONE`, `BASIC16`, `ANSI256`, `TRUECOLOR`.
- `Console.geometry(): ConsoleGeometry?``{columns, rows}` as typed object or `null`.
- `Console.details(): ConsoleDetails` — consolidated capability object.
- `Console.write(text: String)` — writes to console output.
- `Console.flush()` — flushes buffered output.
- `Console.home()` — moves cursor to top-left.
- `Console.clear()` — clears visible screen.
- `Console.moveTo(row: Int, column: Int)` — moves cursor to 1-based row/column.
- `Console.clearLine()` — clears current line.
- `Console.enterAltScreen()` — switch to alternate screen buffer.
- `Console.leaveAltScreen()` — return to normal screen buffer.
- `Console.setCursorVisible(visible: Bool)` — shows/hides cursor.
- `Console.events(): ConsoleEventStream` — endless iterable source of typed events: `ConsoleResizeEvent`, `ConsoleKeyEvent`.
- `Console.setRawMode(enabled: Bool): Bool` — requests raw input mode, returns `true` if changed.
#### Event Iteration
Use events from a loop, typically in a separate coroutine:
```lyng
launch {
for (ev in Console.events()) {
if (ev is ConsoleKeyEvent) {
// handle key
}
}
}
```
#### Event format
`Console.events()` emits `ConsoleEvent` with:
- `type: ConsoleEventType``UNKNOWN`, `RESIZE`, `KEY_DOWN`, `KEY_UP`
Additional fields:
- `ConsoleResizeEvent`: `columns`, `rows`
- `ConsoleKeyEvent`: `key`, `code`, `ctrl`, `alt`, `shift`, `meta`
#### Security policy
The module uses `ConsoleAccessPolicy` with operations:
- `WriteText(length)`
- `ReadEvents`
- `SetRawMode(enabled)`
For permissive mode, use `PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy`.

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@ -1,401 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.db — SQL database access for Lyng scripts
This module provides the portable SQL database contract for Lyng. The current shipped providers are SQLite via `lyng.io.db.sqlite` and a JVM-only JDBC bridge via `lyng.io.db.jdbc`.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
For SQLite-backed database access, install both the generic DB module and the SQLite provider:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
suspend fun bootstrapDb() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createDbModule(scope)
createSqliteModule(scope)
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
""".trimIndent())
}
```
`createSqliteModule(...)` also registers the `sqlite:` scheme for generic `openDatabase(...)`.
For JVM JDBC-backed access, install the JDBC provider as well:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
suspend fun bootstrapJdbc() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createDbModule(scope)
createJdbcModule(scope)
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
""".trimIndent())
}
```
`createJdbcModule(...)` registers `jdbc:`, `h2:`, `postgres:`, and `postgresql:` for `openDatabase(...)`.
---
#### Using from Lyng scripts
Typed SQLite open helper:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
val userCount = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table user(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into user(name) values(?)", "Ada")
tx.execute("insert into user(name) values(?)", "Linus")
tx.select("select count(*) as count from user").toList()[0]["count"]
}
assertEquals(2, userCount)
```
Generic provider-based open:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openDatabase(
"sqlite:./app.db",
Map(
"foreignKeys" => true,
"busyTimeoutMillis" => 5000
)
)
```
JVM JDBC open with H2:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openH2("mem:demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")
val names = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table person(id bigint auto_increment primary key, name varchar(120) not null)")
tx.execute("insert into person(name) values(?)", "Ada")
tx.execute("insert into person(name) values(?)", "Linus")
tx.select("select name from person order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ada", names[0]["name"])
assertEquals("Linus", names[1]["name"])
```
Generic JDBC open through `openDatabase(...)`:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openDatabase(
"jdbc:h2:mem:demo2;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1",
Map()
)
val answer = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
```
PostgreSQL typed open:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openPostgres(
"jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/appdb",
"appuser",
"secret"
)
val titles = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists task(id bigserial primary key, title text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into task(title) values(?)", "Ship JDBC provider")
tx.execute("insert into task(title) values(?)", "Test PostgreSQL path")
tx.select("select title from task order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ship JDBC provider", titles[0]["title"])
```
Nested transactions use real savepoint semantics:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table item(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "outer")
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "inner")
throw IllegalStateException("rollback nested")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
}
assertEquals(1, tx.select("select count(*) as count from item").toList()[0]["count"])
}
```
Intentional rollback without treating it as a backend failure:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
assertThrows(RollbackException) {
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table item(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "temporary")
throw RollbackException("stop here")
}
}
```
---
#### Portable API
##### `Database`
- `transaction(block)` — opens a transaction, commits on normal exit, rolls back on uncaught failure.
##### `SqlTransaction`
- `select(clause, params...)` — execute a statement whose primary result is a row set.
- `execute(clause, params...)` — execute a side-effect statement and return `ExecutionResult`.
- `transaction(block)` — nested transaction with real savepoint semantics.
##### `ResultSet`
- `columns` — positional `SqlColumn` metadata, available before iteration.
- `size()` — result row count.
- `isEmpty()` — fast emptiness check where possible.
- `iterator()` — normal row iteration while the transaction is active.
- `toList()` — materialize detached `SqlRow` snapshots that may be used after the transaction ends.
##### `SqlRow`
- `row[index]` — zero-based positional access.
- `row["columnName"]` — case-insensitive lookup by output column label.
Name-based access fails with `SqlUsageException` if the name is missing or ambiguous.
##### `ExecutionResult`
- `affectedRowsCount`
- `getGeneratedKeys()`
Statements that return rows directly, such as `... returning ...`, should use `select(...)`, not `execute(...)`.
---
#### Value mapping
Portable bind values:
- `null`
- `Bool`
- `Int`, `Double`, `Decimal`
- `String`
- `Buffer`
- `Date`, `DateTime`, `Instant`
Unsupported parameter values fail with `SqlUsageException`.
Portable result metadata categories:
- `Binary`
- `String`
- `Int`
- `Double`
- `Decimal`
- `Bool`
- `Date`
- `DateTime`
- `Instant`
For temporal types, see [time functions](time.md).
---
#### SQLite provider
`lyng.io.db.sqlite` currently provides the first concrete backend.
Typed helper:
```lyng
openSqlite(
path: String,
readOnly: Bool = false,
createIfMissing: Bool = true,
foreignKeys: Bool = true,
busyTimeoutMillis: Int = 5000
): Database
```
Accepted generic URL forms:
- `sqlite::memory:`
- `sqlite:relative/path.db`
- `sqlite:/absolute/path.db`
Supported `openDatabase(..., extraParams)` keys for SQLite:
- `readOnly: Bool`
- `createIfMissing: Bool`
- `foreignKeys: Bool`
- `busyTimeoutMillis: Int`
SQLite write/read policy in v1:
- `Bool` writes as `0` / `1`
- `Decimal` writes as canonical text
- `Date` writes as `YYYY-MM-DD`
- `DateTime` writes as ISO local timestamp text without timezone
- `Instant` writes as ISO UTC timestamp text with explicit timezone marker
- `TIME*` values stay `String`
- `TIMESTAMP` / `DATETIME` reject timezone-bearing stored text
Open-time validation failures:
- malformed URL or bad option shape -> `IllegalArgumentException`
- runtime open failure -> `DatabaseException`
#### JDBC provider
`lyng.io.db.jdbc` is currently implemented on the JVM target only. The `lyngio-jvm` artifact bundles and explicitly loads these JDBC drivers:
- SQLite
- H2
- PostgreSQL
Typed helpers:
```lyng
openJdbc(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
driverClass: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
openH2(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
openPostgres(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
```
Accepted generic URL forms:
- `jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1`
- `h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1`
- `jdbc:postgresql://localhost/app`
- `postgres://localhost/app`
- `postgresql://localhost/app`
Supported `openDatabase(..., extraParams)` keys for JDBC:
- `driverClass: String`
- `user: String`
- `password: String`
- `properties: Map<String, Object?>`
Behavior notes for the JDBC bridge:
- the portable `Database` / `SqlTransaction` API stays the same as for SQLite
- nested transactions use JDBC savepoints
- JDBC connection properties are built from `user`, `password`, and `properties`
- `properties` values are stringified before being passed to JDBC
- statements with row-returning clauses still must use `select(...)`, not `execute(...)`
Platform support for this provider:
- `lyng.io.db.jdbc` — JVM only
- `openH2(...)` — works out of the box with `lyngio-jvm`
- `openPostgres(...)` — driver included, but an actual PostgreSQL server is still required
PostgreSQL-specific notes:
- `openPostgres(...)` accepts either a full JDBC URL or shorthand forms such as `//localhost/app`
- local peer/trust setups may use an empty password string
- generated keys work with PostgreSQL `bigserial` / identity columns through `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`
- for reproducible automated tests, prefer a disposable PostgreSQL instance such as Docker/Testcontainers instead of a long-lived shared server
---
#### Lifetime rules
`ResultSet` is valid only while its owning transaction is active.
`SqlRow` values are detached snapshots once materialized, so this pattern is valid:
```lyng
val rows = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select name from person order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ada", rows[0]["name"])
```
This means:
- do not keep `ResultSet` objects after the transaction block returns
- materialize rows with `toList()` inside the transaction when they must outlive it
The same rule applies to generated keys from `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`: the `ResultSet` is transaction-scoped, but rows returned by `toList()` are detached.
---
#### Platform support
- `lyng.io.db` — generic contract, available when host code installs it
- `lyng.io.db.sqlite` — implemented on JVM and Linux Native in the current release tree
- `lyng.io.db.jdbc` — implemented on JVM in the current release tree
For the broader I/O overview, see [lyngio overview](lyngio.md).

View File

@ -39,27 +39,23 @@ This brings in:
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
#### Install the module into a Lyng Scope
The filesystem module is not installed automatically. The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`: create the session, get its underlying scope, install the module there, and execute scripts through the session. You can customize access control via `FsAccessPolicy`.
The filesystem module is not installed automatically. You must explicitly register it in the scope’s `ImportManager` using the installer. You can customize access control via `FsAccessPolicy`.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapFs() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
val installed: Boolean = createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
// installed == true on first registration in this ImportManager, false on repeats
val scope: Scope = Scope.new()
val installed: Boolean = createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
// installed == true on first registration in this ImportManager, false on repeats
// In scripts (or via session.eval), import the module to use its symbols:
session.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
}
// In scripts (or via scope.eval), import the module to use its symbols:
scope.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
```
You can install with a custom policy too (see Access policy below).
@ -189,7 +185,7 @@ val denyWrites = object : FsAccessPolicy {
}
createFs(denyWrites, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
scope.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
```
Composite operations like `copy` and `move` are checked as a set of primitives (e.g., `OpenRead(src)` + `Delete(dst)` if overwriting + `CreateFile(dst)` + `OpenWrite(dst)`).

View File

@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.http — HTTP/HTTPS client for Lyng scripts
This module provides a compact HTTP client API for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and backed by Ktor on supported runtimes.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
---
#### Add the library to your project (Gradle)
If you use this repository as a multi-module project, add a dependency on `:lyngio`:
```kotlin
dependencies {
implementation("net.sergeych:lyngio:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT")
}
```
For external projects, ensure you also use the Lyng Maven repository described in `lyng.io.fs`.
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
The HTTP module is not installed automatically. Install it into the session scope and provide a policy.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapHttp() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.http")
}
```
---
#### Using from Lyng scripts
Simple GET:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTP_TEST_URL + "/hello")
[r.status, r.text()]
>>> [200,hello from test]
Headers and response header access:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTP_TEST_URL + "/headers")
[r.headers["X-Reply"], r.headers.getAll("X-Reply").size, r.text()]
>>> [one,2,header demo]
Programmatic request object:
import lyng.io.http
val q = HttpRequest()
q.method = "POST"
q.url = HTTP_TEST_URL + "/echo"
q.headers = Map("Content-Type" => "text/plain")
q.bodyText = "ping"
val r = Http.request(q)
r.text()
>>> "POST:ping"
HTTPS GET:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTPS_TEST_URL + "/hello")
[r.status, r.text()]
>>> [200,hello from test]
---
#### API reference
##### `Http` (static methods)
- `isSupported(): Bool` — Whether HTTP client support is available on the current runtime.
- `request(req: HttpRequest): HttpResponse` — Execute a request described by a mutable request object.
- `get(url: String, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience GET request.
- `post(url: String, bodyText: String = "", contentType: String? = null, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience text POST request.
- `postBytes(url: String, body: Buffer, contentType: String? = null, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience binary POST request.
For convenience methods, `headers...` accepts:
- `MapEntry`, e.g. `"Accept" => "text/plain"`
- 2-item lists, e.g. `["Accept", "text/plain"]`
##### `HttpRequest`
- `method: String`
- `url: String`
- `headers: Map<String, String>`
- `bodyText: String?`
- `bodyBytes: Buffer?`
- `timeoutMillis: Int?`
Only one of `bodyText` and `bodyBytes` should be set.
##### `HttpResponse`
- `status: Int`
- `statusText: String`
- `headers: HttpHeaders`
- `text(): String`
- `bytes(): Buffer`
Response body decoding is cached inside the response object.
##### `HttpHeaders`
`HttpHeaders` behaves like `Map<String, String>` for the first value of each header name and additionally exposes:
- `get(name: String): String?`
- `getAll(name: String): List<String>`
- `names(): List<String>`
Header lookup is case-insensitive.
---
#### Security policy
The module uses `HttpAccessPolicy` to authorize requests before they are sent.
- `HttpAccessPolicy` — interface for custom policies
- `PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy` — allows all requests
- `HttpAccessOp.Request(method, url)` — operation checked by the policy
Example restricted policy in Kotlin:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessContext
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessDecision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.Decision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.HttpAccessOp
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.HttpAccessPolicy
val allowLocalOnly = object : HttpAccessPolicy {
override suspend fun check(op: HttpAccessOp, ctx: AccessContext): AccessDecision =
when (op) {
is HttpAccessOp.Request ->
if (
op.url.startsWith("http://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("https://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("http://localhost:") ||
op.url.startsWith("https://localhost:")
)
AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
else
AccessDecision(Decision.Deny, "only local HTTP/HTTPS requests are allowed")
}
}
```
---
#### Platform support
- **JVM:** supported
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO client backend
- **JS:** supported via the Ktor JS client backend
- **Linux native:** supported via the Ktor Curl client backend
- **Windows native:** supported via the Ktor WinHttp client backend
- **Apple native:** supported via the Ktor Darwin client backend
- **Other targets:** may report unsupported; use `Http.isSupported()` before relying on it

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@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.net — TCP and UDP sockets for Lyng scripts
This module provides minimal raw transport networking for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and backed by Ktor sockets on the JVM and Linux Native, and by Node networking APIs on JS/Node runtimes.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
>
> **Important native platform limit:** current native TCP/UDP support is backed by a selector with a per-process file descriptor ceiling. On Linux/macOS native targets this makes high-connection-count servers and same-process load tests unsuitable once the process approaches that limit.
>
> **Recommendation:** for serious HTTP/TCP servers, prefer the JVM target today. On native targets, keep concurrency bounded, batch local load tests in waves, and use multiple worker processes behind a reverse proxy if you need more throughput before the backend is reworked.
>
> **Need this fixed?** Please open or upvote an issue at <https://github.com/sergeych/lyng/issues> so native high-concurrency networking can be prioritized.
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapNet() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.net")
}
```
---
#### Using from Lyng scripts
Capability checks and address resolution:
import lyng.io.net
val a: SocketAddress = Net.resolve("127.0.0.1", 4040)[0]
[Net.isSupported(), a.toString(), a.resolved, a.ipVersion == IpVersion.IPV4]
>>> [true,127.0.0.1:4040,true,true]
TCP client connect, write, read, and close:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", NET_TEST_TCP_PORT)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
val reply = (socket.read(16) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
socket.close()
reply
>>> "reply:ping"
Lyng TCP server socket operations with `tcpListen()` and `accept()`:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, "127.0.0.1")
val port = server.localAddress().port
val accepted = launch {
val client = server.accept()
val line = (client.read(4) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
client.writeUtf8("echo:" + line)
client.flush()
client.close()
server.close()
line
}
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
val reply = (socket.read(16) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
socket.close()
[accepted.await(), reply]
>>> [ping,echo:ping]
UDP bind, send, receive, and inspect sender address:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.udpBind(0, "127.0.0.1")
val client = Net.udpBind(0, "127.0.0.1")
client.send(Buffer("ping"), "127.0.0.1", server.localAddress().port)
val d = server.receive()
client.close()
server.close()
[d.data.decodeUtf8(), d.address.port > 0]
>>> [ping,true]
---
#### API reference
##### `Net` (static methods)
- `isSupported(): Bool` — Whether any raw networking support is available.
- `isTcpAvailable(): Bool` — Whether outbound TCP sockets are available.
- `isTcpServerAvailable(): Bool` — Whether listening TCP server sockets are available.
- `isUdpAvailable(): Bool` — Whether UDP datagram sockets are available.
- `resolve(host: String, port: Int): List<SocketAddress>` — Resolve a host and port into concrete addresses.
- `tcpConnect(host: String, port: Int, timeoutMillis: Int? = null, noDelay: Bool = true): TcpSocket` — Open an outbound TCP socket.
- `tcpListen(port: Int, host: String? = null, backlog: Int = 128, reuseAddress: Bool = true): TcpServer` — Start a listening TCP server socket.
- `udpBind(port: Int = 0, host: String? = null, reuseAddress: Bool = true): UdpSocket` — Bind a UDP socket.
##### `SocketAddress`
- `host: String`
- `port: Int`
- `ipVersion: IpVersion`
- `resolved: Bool`
- `toString(): String`
##### `TcpSocket`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `remoteAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `read(maxBytes: Int = 65536): Buffer?`
- `readLine(): String?`
- `write(data: Buffer): void`
- `writeUtf8(text: String): void`
- `flush(): void`
- `close(): void`
##### `TcpServer`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `accept(): TcpSocket`
- `close(): void`
##### `UdpSocket`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `receive(maxBytes: Int = 65536): Datagram?`
- `send(data: Buffer, host: String, port: Int): void`
- `close(): void`
##### `Datagram`
- `data: Buffer`
- `address: SocketAddress`
---
#### Security policy
The module uses `NetAccessPolicy` to authorize network operations before they are executed.
- `NetAccessPolicy` — interface for custom policies
- `PermitAllNetAccessPolicy` — allows all network operations
- `NetAccessOp.Resolve(host, port)`
- `NetAccessOp.TcpConnect(host, port)`
- `NetAccessOp.TcpListen(host, port, backlog)`
- `NetAccessOp.UdpBind(host, port)`
---
#### Platform support
- **JVM:** supported
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO and Ktor sockets backends
- **JS/Node:** supported for `resolve`, TCP client/server, and UDP
- **JS/browser:** unsupported; capability checks report unavailable
- **Linux Native:** supported via Ktor sockets
- **Apple Native:** enabled via the shared native Ktor sockets backend; compile-verified, runtime not yet host-verified
- **Other native targets:** currently report unsupported; use capability checks before relying on raw sockets

View File

@ -20,26 +20,24 @@ For external projects, ensure you have the appropriate Maven repository configur
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
#### Install the module into a Lyng Scope
The process module is not installed automatically. The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`: create the session, get its underlying scope, install the module there, and execute scripts through the session. You can customize access control via `ProcessAccessPolicy`.
The process module is not installed automatically. You must explicitly register it in the scope’s `ImportManager` using `createProcessModule`. You can customize access control via `ProcessAccessPolicy`.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapProcess() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
// ... inside a suspend function or runBlocking
val scope: Scope = Script.newScope()
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
// In scripts (or via session.eval), import the module:
session.eval("import lyng.io.process")
}
// In scripts (or via scope.eval), import the module:
scope.eval("import lyng.io.process")
```
---

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@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.ws — WebSocket client for Lyng scripts
This module provides a compact WebSocket client API for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and currently backed by Ktor WebSockets on the JVM.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapWs() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.ws")
}
```
---
#### Using from Lyng scripts
Simple text message exchange:
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_TEST_URL)
ws.sendText("ping")
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[ws.url() == WS_TEST_URL, m.isText, m.text]
>>> [true,true,echo:ping]
Binary message exchange:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_TEST_BINARY_URL)
ws.sendBytes(Buffer(9, 8, 7))
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[m.isText, (m.data as Buffer).hex]
>>> [false,010203090807]
Secure websocket (`wss`) exchange:
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WSS_TEST_URL)
ws.sendText("ping")
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[ws.url() == WSS_TEST_URL, m.text]
>>> [true,secure:ping]
---
#### API reference
##### `Ws` (static methods)
- `isSupported(): Bool` — Whether WebSocket client support is available on the current runtime.
- `connect(url: String, headers...): WsSession` — Open a client websocket session.
`headers...` accepts:
- `MapEntry`, e.g. `"Authorization" => "Bearer x"`
- 2-item lists, e.g. `["Authorization", "Bearer x"]`
##### `WsSession`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `url(): String`
- `sendText(text: String): void`
- `sendBytes(data: Buffer): void`
- `receive(): WsMessage?`
- `close(code: Int = 1000, reason: String = ""): void`
`receive()` returns `null` after a clean close.
##### `WsMessage`
- `isText: Bool`
- `text: String?`
- `data: Buffer?`
Text messages populate `text`; binary messages populate `data`.
---
#### Security policy
The module uses `WsAccessPolicy` to authorize websocket operations.
- `WsAccessPolicy` — interface for custom policies
- `PermitAllWsAccessPolicy` — allows all websocket operations
- `WsAccessOp.Connect(url)`
- `WsAccessOp.Send(url, bytes, isText)`
- `WsAccessOp.Receive(url)`
Example restricted policy in Kotlin:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessContext
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessDecision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.Decision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.WsAccessOp
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.WsAccessPolicy
val allowLocalOnly = object : WsAccessPolicy {
override suspend fun check(op: WsAccessOp, ctx: AccessContext): AccessDecision =
when (op) {
is WsAccessOp.Connect ->
if (
op.url.startsWith("ws://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("wss://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("ws://localhost:") ||
op.url.startsWith("wss://localhost:")
)
AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
else
AccessDecision(Decision.Deny, "only local ws/wss connections are allowed")
else -> AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
}
}
```
---
#### Platform support
- **JVM:** supported
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO websocket client backend
- **JS:** supported via the Ktor JS websocket client backend
- **Linux native:** supported via the Ktor Curl websocket client backend
- **Windows native:** supported via the Ktor WinHttp websocket client backend
- **Apple native:** supported via the Ktor Darwin websocket client backend
- **Other targets:** may report unsupported; use `Ws.isSupported()` before relying on websocket client access

View File

@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
# Lyng CLI (`lyng`)
### Lyng CLI (`lyng`)
The Lyng CLI is the reference command-line tool for the Lyng language. It lets you:
- Run Lyng scripts from files or inline strings (shebangs accepted)
- Use standard argument passing (`ARGV`) to your scripts.
- Resolve local file imports from the executed script's directory tree.
- Format Lyng source files via the built-in `fmt` subcommand.
- Register synchronous process-exit handlers with `atExit(...)`.
## Building on Linux
#### Building on Linux
Requirements:
- JDK 17+ (for Gradle and the JVM distribution)
@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ The repository provides convenience scripts in `bin/` for local builds and insta
Note: In this repository the scripts are named `bin/local_release` and `bin/local_jrelease`. In some environments these may be aliased as `bin/release` and `bin/jrelease`. The steps below use the actual file names present here.
### Option A: Native linuxX64 executable (`lyng`)
##### Option A: Native linuxX64 executable (`lyng`)
1) Build the native binary:
@ -40,27 +38,26 @@ What this does:
- Produces `distributables/lyng-linuxX64.zip` containing the `lyng` executable.
### Option B: JVM distribution (`jlyng` launcher)
##### Option B: JVM distribution (`jlyng` launcher)
This creates a JVM distribution with a launcher script, packages it as a downloadable zip, and links it to `~/bin/jlyng`.
This creates a JVM distribution with a launcher script and links it to `~/bin/jlyng`.
```
bin/local_jrelease
```
What this does:
- Runs `./gradlew :lyng:jvmDistZip` to build the JVM app distribution archive at `lyng/build/distributions/lyng-jvm.zip`.
- Copies the archive to `distributables/lyng-jvm.zip`.
- Unpacks that distribution under `~/bin/jlyng-jvm`.
- Runs `./gradlew :lyng:installJvmDist` to build the JVM app distribution to `lyng/build/install/lyng-jvm`.
- Copies the distribution under `~/bin/jlyng-jvm`.
- Creates a symlink `~/bin/jlyng` pointing to the launcher script.
## Usage
#### Usage
Once installed, ensure `~/bin` is on your `PATH`. You can then use either the native `lyng` or the JVM `jlyng` launcher (both have the same CLI surface).
### Running scripts
##### Running scripts
- Run a script by file name and pass arguments to `ARGV`:
@ -75,7 +72,6 @@ lyng -- -my-script.lyng arg1 arg2
```
- Execute inline code with `-x/--execute` and pass positional args to `ARGV`:
- Inline execution does not scan the filesystem for local modules; only file-based execution does.
```
lyng -x "println(\"Hello\")" more args
@ -88,101 +84,7 @@ lyng --version
lyng --help
```
### Exit handlers: `atExit(...)`
The CLI exposes a CLI-only builtin:
```lyng
extern fun atExit(append: Bool=true, handler: ()->Void)
```
Use it to register synchronous cleanup handlers that should run when the CLI process is leaving.
Semantics:
- `append=true` appends the handler to the end of the queue.
- `append=false` inserts the handler at the front of the queue.
- Handlers run one by one.
- Exceptions thrown by a handler are ignored, and the next handler still runs.
- Handlers are best-effort and run on:
- normal script completion
- script failure
- script `exit(code)`
- process shutdown such as `SIGTERM`
Non-goals:
- `SIGKILL`, hard crashes, and power loss cannot be intercepted.
- `atExit` is currently a CLI feature only; it is not part of the general embedding/runtime surface.
Examples:
```lyng
atExit {
println("closing resources")
}
atExit(false) {
println("runs first")
}
```
### Local imports for file execution
When you execute a script file, the CLI builds a temporary local import manager rooted at the directory that contains the entry script.
Formal structure:
- Root directory: the parent directory of the script passed to `lyng`.
- Scan scope: every `.lyng` file under that root directory, recursively.
- Entry script: the executed file itself is not registered as an importable module.
- Module name mapping: `relative/path/to/file.lyng` maps to import name `relative.path.to.file`.
- Package declaration: if a scanned file starts with `package ...` as its first non-blank line, that package name must exactly match the relative path mapping.
- Package omission: if there is no leading `package` declaration, the CLI uses the relative path mapping as the module name.
- Duplicates: if two files resolve to the same module name, CLI execution fails before script execution starts.
- Import visibility: only files inside the entry root subtree are considered. Parent directories and sibling projects are not searched.
Examples:
```
project/
main.lyng
util/answer.lyng
math/add.lyng
```
`util/answer.lyng` is imported as `import util.answer`.
`math/add.lyng` is imported as `import math.add`.
Example contents:
```lyng
// util/answer.lyng
package util.answer
import math.add
fun answer() = plus(40, 2)
```
```lyng
// math/add.lyng
fun plus(a, b) = a + b
```
```lyng
// main.lyng
import util.answer
println(answer())
```
Rationale:
- The module name is deterministic from the filesystem layout.
- Explicit `package` remains available as a consistency check instead of a second, conflicting naming system.
- The import search space stays local to the executed script, which avoids accidental cross-project resolution.
## Use in shell scripts
### Use in shell scripts
Standard unix shebangs (`#!`) are supported, so you can make Lyng scripts directly executable on Unix-like systems. For example:
@ -190,7 +92,7 @@ Standard unix shebangs (`#!`) are supported, so you can make Lyng scripts direct
println("Hello, world!")
### Formatting source: `fmt` subcommand
##### Formatting source: `fmt` subcommand
Format Lyng files with the built-in formatter.
@ -232,7 +134,7 @@ lyng fmt --spacing --wrap src/file.lyng
```
## Notes
#### Notes
- Both native and JVM distributions expose the same CLI interface. Use whichever best fits your environment.
- When executing scripts, all positional arguments after the script name are available in Lyng as `ARGV`.

View File

@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
# `.lyng.d` Definition Files
`.lyng.d` files declare Lyng symbols for tooling without shipping runtime implementations. The IntelliJ IDEA plugin merges
all `*.lyng.d` files from the current directory and its parent directories into the active file’s analysis, enabling:
- completion
- navigation
- error checking for declared symbols
- Quick Docs for declarations defined in `.lyng.d`
Place `*.lyng.d` files next to the code they describe (or in a parent folder). The plugin will pick them up automatically.
## Writing `.lyng.d` Files
You can declare any language-level symbol in a `.lyng.d` file. Use doc comments before declarations to make Quick Docs
work in the IDE. The doc parser accepts standard comments (`/** ... */` or `// ...`) and supports tags like `@param`.
### Full Example
```lyng
/** Library entry point */
extern fun connect(url: String, timeoutMs: Int = 5000): Client
/** Type alias with generics */
type NameMap = Map<String, String>
/** Multiple inheritance via interfaces */
interface A { abstract fun a(): Int }
interface B { abstract fun b(): Int }
/** A concrete class implementing both */
class Multi(name: String) : A, B {
/** Public field */
val id: Int = 0
/** Mutable property with accessors */
var size: Int
get() = 0
set(v) { }
/** Instance method */
fun a(): Int = 1
fun b(): Int = 2
}
/** Nullable and dynamic types */
extern val dynValue: dynamic
extern var dynVar: dynamic?
/** Delegated property */
class LazyBox(val create) {
fun getValue(thisRef, name) = create()
}
val cached by LazyBox { 42 }
/** Delegated function */
object RpcDelegate {
fun invoke(thisRef, name, args...) = Unset
}
fun remoteCall by RpcDelegate
/** Singleton object */
object Settings {
val version: String = "1.0"
}
/** Class with documented members */
class Client {
/** Returns a greeting. */
fun greet(name: String): String = "hi " + name
}
```
See a runnable sample file in `docs/samples/definitions.lyng.d`.
Notes:
- Use real bodies if the declaration is not `extern` or `abstract`.
- If you need purely declarative stubs, prefer `extern` members (see `embedding.md`).
## Doc Comment Format
Doc comments are picked up when they immediately precede a declaration.
```lyng
/**
* A sample function.
* @param name user name
* @return greeting string
*/
fun greet(name: String): String = "hi " + name
```
## Generating `.lyng.d` Files
You can generate `.lyng.d` as part of your build. A common approach is to write a Gradle task that emits a file from a
template or a Kotlin data model.
Example (pseudo-code):
```kotlin
tasks.register("generateLyngDefs") {
doLast {
val out = file("src/main/lyng/api.lyng.d")
out.writeText(
"""
/** Generated API */
fun ping(): Int
""".trimIndent()
)
}
}
```
Place the generated file in your source tree, and the IDE will load it automatically.

View File

@ -2,23 +2,16 @@
`lyngio` is a separate library that extends the Lyng core (`lynglib`) with powerful, multiplatform, and secure I/O capabilities.
> **Important native networking limit:** `lyng.io.net` on current native targets is suitable for modest workloads, local tools, and test servers, but not yet for high-connection-count production servers. For serious HTTP/TCP serving, prefer the JVM target for now. If native high-concurrency networking matters for your use case, please open or upvote an issue at <https://github.com/sergeych/lyng/issues>.
#### Why a separate module?
1. **Security:** I/O and process execution are sensitive operations. By keeping them in a separate module, we ensure that the Lyng core remains 100% safe by default. You only enable what you explicitly need.
2. **Footprint:** Not every script needs filesystem or process access. Keeping these as a separate module helps minimize the dependency footprint for small embedded projects.
3. **Control:** `lyngio` provides fine-grained security policies (`FsAccessPolicy`, `ProcessAccessPolicy`, `ConsoleAccessPolicy`) that allow you to control exactly what a script can do.
3. **Control:** `lyngio` provides fine-grained security policies (`FsAccessPolicy`, `ProcessAccessPolicy`) that allow you to control exactly what a script can do.
#### Included Modules
- **[lyng.io.db](lyng.io.db.md):** Portable SQL database access. Provides `Database`, `SqlTransaction`, `ResultSet`, SQLite support through `lyng.io.db.sqlite`, and JVM JDBC support through `lyng.io.db.jdbc`.
- **[lyng.io.fs](lyng.io.fs.md):** Async filesystem access. Provides the `Path` class for file/directory operations, streaming, and globbing.
- **[lyng.io.process](lyng.io.process.md):** External process execution and shell commands. Provides `Process`, `RunningProcess`, and `Platform` information.
- **[lyng.io.console](lyng.io.console.md):** Rich console/TTY access. Provides `Console` capability detection, geometry, output, and iterable events.
- **[lyng.io.http](lyng.io.http.md):** HTTP/HTTPS client access. Provides `Http`, `HttpRequest`, `HttpResponse`, and `HttpHeaders`.
- **[lyng.io.ws](lyng.io.ws.md):** WebSocket client access. Provides `Ws`, `WsSession`, and `WsMessage`.
- **[lyng.io.net](lyng.io.net.md):** Transport networking. Provides `Net`, `TcpSocket`, `TcpServer`, `UdpSocket`, and `SocketAddress`.
---
@ -43,58 +36,26 @@ dependencies {
To use `lyngio` modules in your scripts, you must install them into your Lyng scope and provide a security policy.
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
suspend fun runMyScript() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val scope = Script.newScope()
// Install modules with policies
createDbModule(scope)
createJdbcModule(scope)
createSqliteModule(scope)
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, scope)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, scope)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, scope)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, scope)
// Now scripts can import them
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
scope.eval("""
import lyng.io.fs
import lyng.io.process
import lyng.io.console
import lyng.io.http
import lyng.io.net
import lyng.io.ws
println("H2 JDBC available: " + (openH2("mem:demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1") != null))
println("SQLite available: " + (openSqlite(":memory:") != null))
println("Working dir: " + Path(".").readUtf8())
println("OS: " + Platform.details().name)
println("TTY: " + Console.isTty())
println("HTTP available: " + Http.isSupported())
println("TCP available: " + Net.isTcpAvailable())
println("WS available: " + Ws.isSupported())
""")
}
```
@ -106,38 +67,21 @@ suspend fun runMyScript() {
`lyngio` is built with a "Secure by Default" philosophy. Every I/O or process operation is checked against a policy.
- **Filesystem Security:** Implement `FsAccessPolicy` to restrict access to specific paths or operations (e.g., read-only access to a sandbox directory).
- **Database Installation:** Database access is still explicit-capability style. The host must install `lyng.io.db` and at least one provider such as `lyng.io.db.sqlite` or `lyng.io.db.jdbc`; otherwise scripts cannot open databases.
- **Process Security:** Implement `ProcessAccessPolicy` to restrict which executables can be run or to disable shell execution entirely.
- **Console Security:** Implement `ConsoleAccessPolicy` to control output writes, event reads, and raw mode switching.
- **HTTP Security:** Implement `HttpAccessPolicy` to restrict which requests scripts may send.
- **Transport Security:** Implement `NetAccessPolicy` to restrict DNS resolution and TCP/UDP socket operations.
- **WebSocket Security:** Implement `WsAccessPolicy` to restrict websocket connects and message flow.
For more details, see the specific module documentation:
- [Database Module Details](lyng.io.db.md)
- [Filesystem Security Details](lyng.io.fs.md#access-policy-security)
- [Process Security Details](lyng.io.process.md#security-policy)
- [Console Module Details](lyng.io.console.md)
- [HTTP Module Details](lyng.io.http.md)
- [Transport Networking Details](lyng.io.net.md)
- [WebSocket Module Details](lyng.io.ws.md)
---
#### Platform Support Overview
| Platform | lyng.io.db/sqlite | lyng.io.db/jdbc | lyng.io.fs | lyng.io.process | lyng.io.console | lyng.io.http | lyng.io.ws | lyng.io.net |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **JVM** | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Linux Native** | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Apple Native** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ⚠️ |
| **Windows Native** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| **Android** | ⚠️ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **JS / Node** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **JS / Browser** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ (in-memory) | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| **Wasm** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ (in-memory) | ❌ | ⚠️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Legend:
- `✅` supported
- `⚠️` available but environment-dependent or not fully host-verified yet
- `❌` unsupported
| Platform | lyng.io.fs | lyng.io.process |
| :--- | :---: | :---: |
| **JVM** | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Native (Linux/macOS)** | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Native (Windows)** | ✅ | 🚧 (Planned) |
| **Android** | ✅ | ❌ |
| **NodeJS** | ✅ | ❌ |
| **Browser / Wasm** | ✅ (In-memory) | ❌ |

View File

@ -60,13 +60,8 @@ but:
## Round and range
The following functions return the argument unchanged if it is `Int`.
For `Decimal`:
- `floor(x)`, `ceil(x)`, and `round(x)` currently use exact decimal operations
- the result stays `Decimal`
For `Real`, the result is a transformed `Real`.
The following functions return its argument if it is `Int`,
or transformed `Real` otherwise.
| name | description |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
@ -77,14 +72,6 @@ For `Real`, the result is a transformed `Real`.
## Lyng math functions
Decimal note:
- all scalar math helpers accept `Decimal`
- `abs(x)` stays exact for `Decimal`
- `pow(x, y)` is exact for `Decimal` when `y` is an integral exponent
- the remaining `Decimal` cases currently use a temporary bridge:
`Decimal -> Real -> host math -> Decimal`
- this is temporary; native decimal implementations are planned
| name | meaning |
|-----------|------------------------------------------------------|
| sin(x) | sine |
@ -104,7 +91,7 @@ Decimal note:
| log10(x) | $log_{10}(x)$ |
| pow(x, y) | ${x^y}$ |
| sqrt(x) | $ \sqrt {x}$ |
| abs(x) | absolute value of x. Int if x is Int, Decimal if x is Decimal, Real otherwise |
| abs(x) | absolute value of x. Int if x is Int, Real otherwise |
| clamp(x, range) | limit x to be inside range boundaries |
For example:
@ -117,92 +104,12 @@ For example:
assert( abs(-1) is Int)
assert( abs(-2.21) == 2.21 )
import lyng.decimal
// Decimal-aware math works too. Some functions are exact, some still bridge through Real temporarily:
assert( (abs("-2.5".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded() == "2.5" )
assert( (floor("2.9".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded() == "2" )
assert( sin("0.5".d) is Decimal )
// clamp() limits value to the range:
assert( clamp(15, 0..10) == 10 )
assert( clamp(-5, 0..10) == 0 )
assert( 5.clamp(0..10) == 5 )
>>> void
## Linear algebra: `lyng.matrix`
For vectors and dense matrices, import `lyng.matrix`:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
```
It provides:
- `Vector`
- `Matrix`
- `vector(values)`
- `matrix(rows)`
Core operations include:
- matrix addition and subtraction
- matrix-matrix multiplication
- matrix-vector multiplication
- transpose
- determinant
- inverse
- linear solve
- vector dot, norm, normalize, cross, outer product
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
val b: Matrix = matrix([[7, 8], [9, 10], [11, 12]])
val product: Matrix = a * b
assertEquals([[58.0, 64.0], [139.0, 154.0]], product.toList())
```
Matrices also support two-axis bracket indexing and slicing:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
val sub: Matrix = m[0..1, 1..2]
assertEquals([[2.0, 3.0], [5.0, 6.0]], sub.toList())
```
See [Matrix](Matrix.md) for the full API.
## Random values
Lyng stdlib provides a global random singleton and deterministic seeded generators:
| name | meaning |
|--------------------------|---------|
| Random.nextInt() | random `Int` from full platform range |
| Random.nextFloat() | random `Real` in `[0,1)` |
| Random.next(range) | random value from the given finite range |
| Random.seeded(seed) | creates deterministic generator |
| SeededRandom.nextInt() | deterministic random `Int` |
| SeededRandom.nextFloat() | deterministic random `Real` in `[0,1)` |
| SeededRandom.next(range) | deterministic random value from range |
Examples:
val rng = Random.seeded(1234)
assert( rng.next(1..10) in 1..10 )
assert( rng.next('a'..<'f') in 'a'..<'f' )
assert( rng.next(0.0..<1.0) >= 0.0 )
assert( rng.next(0.0..<1.0) < 1.0 )
>>> void
## Scientific constant
| name | meaning |

View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
Before kotlin 2.0, there was an excellent library, kotlinx.datetime, which was widely used everywhere, also in Lyng and its dependencies.
When Kotlin 2.0 was released, or soon after, JetBrains made a perplexing decision to remove `Instant` and `Clock` from kotlinx.datetime and replace it with _yet experimental_ analogs in `kotlin.time`.
When kotlin 2.0 was released, or soon after, JetBrains made an exptic decision to remove `Instant` and `Clock` from kotlinx.datetime and replace it with _yet experimental_ analogs in `kotlin.time`.
The problem is, these were not quite the same (these weren't `@Serializable`!), so people didn't migrate with ease. Okay, then JetBrains decided to not only deprecate it but also make them unusable on Apple targets. It sort of split auditories of many published libraries to those who hate JetBrains and Apple and continue to use 1.9-2.0 compatible versions that no longer work with Kotlin 2.2 on Apple targets (but work pretty well with earlier Kotlin or on other platforms).
@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ Later JetBrains added serializers for their new `Instant` and `Clock` types, but
## Solution
We hereby publish a new version of Lyng, 1.0.8-SNAPSHOT, which uses `kotlin.time.Instant` and `kotlin.time.Clock` instead of `kotlinx.datetime.Instant` and `kotlinx.datetime.Clock`. It is in other aspects compatible also with Lynon encoded binaries. You might need to migrate your code to use `kotlin.time` types. (LocalDateTime/TimeZone still come from `kotlinx.datetime`.)
We hereby publish a new version of Lyng, 1.0.8-SNAPSHOT, which uses `ktlin.time.Instant` and `kotlin.time.Clock` instead of `kotlinx.datetime.Instant` and `kotlinx.datetime.Clock; it is in other aspects compatible also with Lynon encoded binaries. Still you might need to migrate your code to use `kotlinx.datetime` types.
So, if you are getting errors with new version, please do:
So, if you are getting errors with new version, plase do:
- upgrade to Kotlin 2.2
- upgrade to Lyng 1.0.8-SNAPSHOT
- replace in your code imports (or other uses) of `kotlinx.datetime.Clock` to `kotlin.time.Clock` and `kotlinx.datetime.Instant` to `kotlin.time.Instant`.
- replace in your code imports (or other uses) of`kotlinx.datetime.Clock` to `kotlin.time.Clock` and `kotlinx.datetime.Instant` to `kotlin.time.Instant`.
This should solve the problem and hopefully we'll see no more such "brilliant" ideas from IDEA ideologspersons.
This should solve the problem and hopefully we'll see no more suh a brillant ideas from IDEA ideologspersons.
Sorry for inconvenience and send a ray of hate to JetBrains ;)
Sorry for inconvenicence and send a ray of hate to JetBrains ;)

View File

@ -32,25 +32,10 @@ Depending on the platform, these coroutines may be executed on different CPU and
assert(xIsCalled)
>>> void
This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion, cancel it if it is no longer needed, and retrieve possible result.
This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion and retrieve possible result.
Launch has the only argument which should be a callable (lambda usually) that is run in parallel (or cooperatively in parallel), and return anything as the result.
If you no longer need the result, cancel the deferred. Awaiting a cancelled deferred throws `CancellationException`:
var reached = false
val work = launch {
delay(100)
reached = true
"ok"
}
work.cancel()
assertThrows(CancellationException) { work.await() }
assert(work.isCancelled)
assert(!work.isActive)
assert(!reached)
>>> void
## Synchronization: Mutex
Suppose we have a resource, that could be used concurrently, a counter in our case. If we won't protect it, concurrent usage cause RC, Race Condition, providing wrong result:
@ -64,7 +49,7 @@ Suppose we have a resource, that could be used concurrently, a counter in our ca
delay(100)
counter = c + 1
}
}.forEach { (it as Deferred).await() }
}.forEach { it.await() }
assert(counter < 50) { "counter is "+counter }
>>> void
@ -79,12 +64,13 @@ Using [Mutex] makes it all working:
launch {
// slow increment:
mutex.withLock {
val c = counter ?: 0
val c = counter
delay(10)
counter = c + 1
}
}
}.forEach { (it as Deferred).await() }
assert(counter in 1..4)
}.forEach { it.await() }
assertEquals(4, counter)
>>> void
now everything works as expected: `mutex.withLock` makes them all be executed in sequence, not in parallel.
@ -238,14 +224,17 @@ Future work: introduce thread‑safe pooling (e.g., per‑thread pools or confin
### Closures inside coroutine helpers (launch/flow)
Closures executed by `launch { ... }` and `flow { ... }` use **compile‑time resolution** just like any other Lyng code:
Closures executed by `launch { ... }` and `flow { ... }` resolve names using the `ClosureScope` rules:
- **Captured locals are slots**: outer locals are resolved at compile time and captured as frame‑slot references, so they remain visible across suspension points.
- **Members are statically resolved**: member access requires a statically known receiver type or an explicit cast (except `Object` members).
- **No runtime fallbacks**: there is no dynamic name lookup or “search parent scopes” at runtime for missing symbols.
1. **Current frame locals and arguments**: Variables defined within the current closure execution.
2. **Captured lexical ancestry**: Outer local variables captured at the site where the closure was defined (the "lexical environment").
3. **Captured receiver members**: If the closure was defined within a class or explicitly bound to an object, it checks members of that object (`this`), following MRO and respecting visibility.
4. **Caller environment**: Falls back to the calling context (e.g., the caller's `this` or local variables).
5. **Global/Module fallbacks**: Final check for module-level constants and global functions.
Implications:
- Global helpers like `delay(ms)` and `yield()` must be imported/known at compile time.
- If you need dynamic access, use explicit helpers (e.g., `dynamic { ... }`) rather than relying on scope resolution.
- Outer locals (e.g., `counter`) stay visible across suspension points.
- Global helpers like `delay(ms)` and `yield()` are available from inside closures.
- If you write your own async helpers, execute user lambdas under `ClosureScope(callScope, capturedCreatorScope)` and avoid manual ancestry walking.
See also: [Scopes and Closures: compile-time resolution](scopes_and_closures.md)
See also: [Scopes and Closures: resolution and safety](scopes_and_closures.md)

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@ -114,12 +114,10 @@ When running end‑to‑end “book” workloads or heavier benches, you can ena
Flags are mutable at runtime, e.g.:
```kotlin
runTest {
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = false
val r1 = (EvalSession(Scope()).eval(script) as ObjInt).value
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = true
val r2 = (EvalSession(Scope()).eval(script) as ObjInt).value
}
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = false
val r1 = (Scope().eval(script) as ObjInt).value
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = true
val r2 = (Scope().eval(script) as ObjInt).value
```
Reset flags at the end of a test to avoid impacting other tests.
@ -621,3 +619,4 @@ Reproduce
Notes
- Negative caches are installed only after a real miss throws (cache‑after‑miss), preserving error semantics and invalidation on `layoutVersion` changes.
- IndexRef PIC augments the existing direct path and uses move‑to‑front promotion; it is keyed on `(classId, layoutVersion)` like other PICs.

View File

@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
## Pi Spigot JVM Baseline
Saved on April 4, 2026 before the `List<Int>` indexed-access follow-up fix.
Benchmark target:
- [examples/pi-bench.py](/home/sergeych/dev/lyng/examples/pi-bench.py)
- [examples/pi-bench.lyng](/home/sergeych/dev/lyng/examples/pi-bench.lyng)
Execution path:
- Python: `python3 examples/pi-bench.py`
- Lyng JVM: `./gradlew :lyng:runJvm --args='/home/sergeych/dev/lyng/examples/pi-bench.lyng'`
- Constraint: do not use Kotlin/Native `lyng` CLI for perf comparisons
Baseline measurements:
- Python full script: `167 ms`
- Lyng JVM full script: `1.287097604 s`
- Python warm function average over 5 runs: `126.126 ms`
- Lyng JVM warm function average over 5 runs: about `1071.6 ms`
Baseline ratio:
- Full script: about `7.7x` slower on Lyng JVM
- Warm function only: about `8.5x` slower on Lyng JVM
Primary finding at baseline:
- The hot `reminders[j]` accesses in `piSpigot` were still lowered through boxed object index ops and boxed arithmetic.
- Newly added `GET_INDEX_INT` and `SET_INDEX_INT` only reached `pi`, not `reminders`.
- Root cause: initializer element inference handled list literals, but not `List.fill(boxes) { 2 }`, so `reminders` did not become known `List<Int>` at compile time.
## After Optimizations 1-4
Follow-up change:
- propagate inferred lambda return class into bytecode compilation
- infer `List.fill(...)` element type from the fill lambda
- lower `reminders[j]` reads and writes to `GET_INDEX_INT` and `SET_INDEX_INT`
- add primitive-backed `ObjList` storage for all-int lists
- lower `List.fill(Int) { Int }` to `LIST_FILL_INT`
- stop boxing the integer index inside `GET_INDEX_INT` / `SET_INDEX_INT`
Verification:
- `piSpigot` disassembly now contains typed ops for `reminders`, for example:
- `GET_INDEX_INT s5(reminders), s10(j), ...`
- `SET_INDEX_INT s5(reminders), s10(j), ...`
Post-change measurements using `jlyng`:
- Full script: `655.819559 ms`
- Warm 5-run total: `1.430945810 s`
- Warm average per run: about `286.2 ms`
Observed improvement vs baseline:
- Full script: about `1.96x` faster (`1.287 s -> 0.656 s`)
- Warm function: about `3.74x` faster (`1071.6 ms -> 286.2 ms`)
Residual gap vs Python baseline:
- Full script: Lyng JVM is still about `3.9x` slower than Python (`655.8 ms` vs `167 ms`)
- Warm function: Lyng JVM is still about `2.3x` slower than Python (`286.2 ms` vs `126.126 ms`)
Current benchmark-test snapshot (`n=200`, JVM test harness):
- `optimized-int-division-rval-off`: `135 ms`
- `optimized-int-division-rval-on`: `125 ms`
- `piSpigot` bytecode now contains:
- `LIST_FILL_INT` for both `pi` and `reminders`
- `GET_INDEX_INT` / `SET_INDEX_INT` for the hot indexed loop

View File

@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
/**
* Sample .lyng.d file for IDE support.
* Demonstrates declarations and doc comments.
*/
/** Simple function with default and named parameters. */
extern fun connect(url: String, timeoutMs: Int = 5000): Client
/** Type alias with generics. */
type NameMap = Map<String, String>
/** Multiple inheritance via interfaces. */
interface A { abstract fun a(): Int }
interface B { abstract fun b(): Int }
/** A concrete class implementing both. */
class Multi(name: String) : A, B {
/** Public field. */
val id: Int = 0
/** Mutable property with accessors. */
var size: Int
get() = 0
set(v) { }
/** Instance method. */
fun a(): Int = 1
fun b(): Int = 2
}
/** Nullable and dynamic types. */
extern val dynValue: dynamic
extern var dynVar: dynamic?
/** Delegated property provider. */
class LazyBox(val create) {
fun getValue(thisRef, name) = create()
}
/** Delegated property using provider. */
val cached by LazyBox { 42 }
/** Delegated function. */
object RpcDelegate {
fun invoke(thisRef, name, args...) = Unset
}
/** Remote function proxy. */
fun remoteCall by RpcDelegate
/** Singleton object. */
object Settings {
/** Version string. */
val version: String = "1.0"
}
/**
* Client API entry.
* @param name user name
* @return greeting string
*/
class Client {
/** Returns a greeting. */
fun greet(name: String): String = "hi " + name
}

View File

@ -4,21 +4,15 @@
test the Lyng way. It is not meant to be effective.
*/
fun naiveCountHappyNumbers(): Int {
fun naiveCountHappyNumbers() {
var count = 0
for( n1 in 0..9 ) {
for( n2 in 0..9 ) {
for( n3 in 0..9 ) {
for( n4 in 0..9 ) {
for( n5 in 0..9 ) {
for( n6 in 0..9 ) {
for( n1 in 0..9 )
for( n2 in 0..9 )
for( n3 in 0..9 )
for( n4 in 0..9 )
for( n5 in 0..9 )
for( n6 in 0..9 )
if( n1 + n2 + n3 == n4 + n5 + n6 ) count++
}
}
}
}
}
}
count
}
@ -34,3 +28,4 @@ for( r in 1..900 ) {
assert( found == 55252 )
delay(0.05)
}

View File

@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
// Sample: Operator Overloading in Lyng
class Vector<T>(val x: T, val y: T) {
class Vector(val x, val y) {
// Overload +
fun plus(other: Vector<U>) = Vector(x + other.x, y + other.y)
fun plus(other) = Vector(x + other.x, y + other.y)
// Overload -
fun minus(other: Vector<U>) = Vector(x - other.x, y - other.y)
fun minus(other) = Vector(x - other.x, y - other.y)
// Overload unary -
fun negate() = Vector(-x, -y)
// Overload ==
fun equals(other) {
if (other is Vector<U>) x == other.x && y == other.y
if (other is Vector) x == other.x && y == other.y
else false
}
// Overload * (scalar multiplication)
fun mul(scalar: Int | Real) = Vector(x * scalar, y * scalar)
fun mul(scalar) = Vector(x * scalar, y * scalar)
override fun toString() = "Vector(${x}, ${y})"
}

View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ fun findSumLimit(f) {
println("limit reached after "+n+" rounds")
break sum
}
n++
}
else {
println("limit not reached")

View File

@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
fun describe<T>(x: T): String = when (T) {
nullable -> "nullable"
else -> "non-null"
}
type MaybeInt = Int?
assert(MaybeInt is nullable)
assert(!(Int is nullable))
assertEquals("nullable", describe<Int?>(null))
assertEquals("non-null", describe<Int>(1))

View File

@ -1,19 +1,92 @@
# Scopes and Closures: compile-time resolution
# Scopes and Closures: resolution and safety
Attention to AI: name lookup in runtime `Scope` is legacy. The bytecode compiler uses **compile-time name/member resolution only**.
This page documents how name resolution works with `ClosureScope`, how to avoid recursion pitfalls, and how to safely capture and execute callbacks that need access to outer locals.
This page documents the **current** rules: static name resolution, closure captures, and the limited role of runtime `Scope` in Kotlin interop and explicit dynamic helpers.
## Why this matters
Name lookup across nested scopes and closures can accidentally form recursive resolution paths or hide expected symbols (outer locals, module/global functions). The rules below ensure predictable resolution and prevent infinite recursion.
## Current rules (bytecode compiler)
- **All names resolve at compile time**: locals, parameters, captures, members, imports, and module globals must be known when compiling. Missing symbols are compile-time errors.
- **Exception: `compile if` can skip dead branches**: inside an untaken `compile if (...)` branch, names are not resolved or type-checked at all. This is the supported way to guard optional classes or packages such as `defined(Udp)` or `defined(lyng.io.net)`.
- **No runtime fallbacks**: there is no dynamic name lookup, no fallback opcodes, and no “search parent scopes” at runtime for missing names.
- **Object members on unknown types only**: `toString`, `toInspectString`, `let`, `also`, `apply`, `run` are allowed on unknown types; all other members require a statically known receiver type or an explicit cast.
- **Closures capture slots**: lambdas and nested functions capture **frame slots** directly. Captures are resolved at compile time and compiled to slot references.
- **Scope is a reflection facade**: `Scope` is used only for Kotlin interop or explicit dynamic helpers. It must **not** be used for general symbol resolution in compiled Lyng code.
## Resolution order in ClosureScope
When evaluating an identifier `name` inside a closure, `ClosureScope.get(name)` resolves in this order:
## Explicit dynamic access (opt-in only)
Dynamic name access is available only via explicit helpers (e.g., `dynamic { get { name -> ... } }`). It is **not** a fallback for normal member or variable access.
1. **Current frame locals and arguments**: Variables defined within the current closure execution.
2. **Captured lexical ancestry**: Outer local variables captured at the site where the closure was defined (the "lexical environment").
3. **Captured receiver members**: If the closure was defined within a class or explicitly bound to an object, it checks members of that object (`this`). This includes both instance fields/methods and class-level static members, following the MRO (C3) and respecting visibility rules (private members are only visible if the closure was defined in their class).
4. **Caller environment**: If not found lexically, it falls back to the calling context (e.g., the DSL's `this` or the caller's local variables).
5. **Global/Module fallbacks**: Final check for module-level constants and global functions.
## Legacy interpreter behavior (reference only)
The old runtime `Scope`-based resolution order (locals → captured → `this` → caller → globals) is obsolete for bytecode compilation. Keep it only for legacy interpreter paths and tooling that explicitly opts into it.
This ensures that closures primarily interact with their defining environment (lexical capture) while still being able to participate in DSL-style calling contexts.
## Use raw‑chain helpers for ancestry walks
When authoring new scope types or advanced lookups, avoid calling virtual `get` while walking parents. Instead, use the non‑dispatch helpers on `Scope`:
- `chainLookupIgnoreClosure(name)`
- Walk raw `parent` chain and check only per‑frame locals/bindings/slots.
- Ignores overridden `get` (e.g., in `ClosureScope`). Cycle‑safe.
- `chainLookupWithMembers(name)`
- Like above, but after locals/bindings it also checks each frame’s `thisObj` members.
- Ignores overridden `get`. Cycle‑safe.
- `baseGetIgnoreClosure(name)`
- For the current frame only: check locals/bindings, then walk raw parents (locals/bindings), then fallback to this frame’s `thisObj` members.
These helpers avoid ping‑pong recursion and make structural cycles harmless (lookups terminate).
## Preventing structural cycles
- Don’t construct parent chains that can point back to a descendant.
- A debug‑time guard throws if assigning a parent would create a cycle; keep it enabled for development builds.
- Even with a cycle, chain helpers break out via a small `visited` set keyed by `frameId`.
## Capturing lexical environments for callbacks
For dynamic objects or custom builders, capture the creator’s lexical scope so callbacks can see outer locals/parameters:
1. Use `snapshotForClosure()` on the caller scope to capture locals/bindings/slots and parent.
2. Store this snapshot and run callbacks under `ClosureScope(callScope, captured)`.
Kotlin sketch:
```kotlin
val captured = scope.snapshotForClosure()
val execScope = ClosureScope(currentCallScope, captured)
callback.execute(execScope)
```
This ensures expressions like `contractName` used inside dynamic `get { name -> ... }` resolve to outer variables defined at the creation site.
## Closures in coroutines (launch/flow)
- The closure frame still prioritizes its own locals/args.
- Outer locals declared before suspension points remain visible through slot‑aware ancestry lookups.
- Global functions like `delay(ms)` and `yield()` are resolved via module/root fallbacks from within closures.
Tip: If a closure unexpectedly cannot see an outer local, check whether an intermediate runtime helper introduced an extra call frame; the built‑in lookup already traverses caller ancestry, so prefer the standard helpers rather than custom dispatch.
## Local variable references and missing symbols
- Unqualified identifier resolution first prefers locals/bindings/slots before falling back to `this` members.
- If neither locals nor members contain the symbol, missing field lookups map to `SymbolNotFound` (compatibility alias for `SymbolNotDefinedException`).
## Performance notes
- The `visited` sets used for cycle detection are tiny and short‑lived; in typical scripts the overhead is negligible.
- If profiling shows hotspots, consider limiting ancestry depth in your custom helpers or using small fixed arrays instead of hash sets—only for extremely hot code paths.
## Practical Example: `cached`
The `cached` function (defined in `lyng.stdlib`) is a classic example of using closures to maintain state. It wraps a builder into a zero-argument function that computes once and remembers the result:
```lyng
fun cached(builder) {
var calculated = false
var value = null
{ // This lambda captures `calculated`, `value`, and `builder`
if( !calculated ) {
value = builder()
calculated = true
}
value
}
}
```
Because Lyng now correctly isolates closures for each evaluation of a lambda literal, using `cached` inside a class instance works as expected: each instance maintains its own private `calculated` and `value` state, even if they share the same property declaration.
## Dos and Don’ts
- Do use `chainLookupIgnoreClosure` / `chainLookupWithMembers` for ancestry traversals.
- Do maintain the resolution order above for predictable behavior.
- Don’t call virtual `get` while walking parents; it risks recursion across scope types.
- Don’t attach instance scopes to transient/pool frames; bind to a stable parent scope instead.

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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ It is as simple as:
assertEquals( text, Lynon.decode(encodedBits) )
// compression was used automatically
assert( text.length > (encodedBits.toBuffer() as Buffer).size )
assert( text.length > encodedBits.toBuffer().size )
>>> void
Any class you create is serializable by default; lynon serializes first constructor fields, then any `var` member fields.

View File

@ -1,135 +1,74 @@
# Lyng time functions
Lyng date and time support requires importing `lyng.time`. The module provides four related types:
Lyng date and time support requires importing `lyng.time` packages. Lyng uses simple yet modern time object models:
- `Instant` for absolute timestamps.
- `Date` for calendar dates without time-of-day or timezone.
- `DateTime` for calendar-aware points in time in a specific timezone.
- `Duration` for absolute elapsed time.
- `Instant` class for absolute time stamps with platform-dependent resolution.
- `DateTime` class for calendar-aware points in time within a specific time zone.
- `Duration` to represent amount of time not depending on the calendar (e.g., milliseconds, seconds).
## Time instant: `Instant`
`Instant` represents some moment of time independently of the calendar. It is similar to SQL `TIMESTAMP`
or Kotlin `Instant`.
Represent some moment of time not depending on the calendar. It is similar to `TIMESTAMP` in SQL or `Instant` in Kotlin.
### Constructing and converting
import lyng.time
// default constructor returns time now:
val t1 = Instant()
val t2 = Instant(1704110400)
// constructing from a number is treated as seconds since unix epoch:
val t2 = Instant(1704110400) // 2024-01-01T12:00:00Z
// from RFC3339 string:
val t3 = Instant("2024-01-01T12:00:00.123456Z")
val t4 = t3.truncateToMinute()
assertEquals("2024-01-01T12:00:00Z", t4.toRFC3339())
// truncation:
val t4 = t3.truncateToMinute
assertEquals(t4.toRFC3339(), "2024-01-01T12:00:00Z")
// to localized DateTime (uses system default TZ if not specified):
val dt = t3.toDateTime("+02:00")
assertEquals(14, dt.hour)
val d = t3.toDate("Z")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 1), d)
assertEquals(dt.hour, 14)
### Instant members
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| epochSeconds: Real | offset in seconds since Unix epoch |
| epochWholeSeconds: Int | whole seconds since Unix epoch |
| nanosecondsOfSecond: Int | nanoseconds within the current second |
| isDistantFuture: Bool | true if it is `Instant.distantFuture` |
| isDistantPast: Bool | true if it is `Instant.distantPast` |
| truncateToMinute(): Instant | truncate to minute precision |
| truncateToSecond(): Instant | truncate to second precision |
| truncateToMillisecond(): Instant | truncate to millisecond precision |
| truncateToMicrosecond(): Instant | truncate to microsecond precision |
| toRFC3339(): String | format as RFC3339 string in UTC |
| toDateTime(tz?): DateTime | localize to a timezone |
| toDate(tz?): Date | convert to a calendar date in a timezone |
## Calendar date: `Date`
`Date` represents a pure calendar date. It has no time-of-day and no attached timezone. Use it for values
like birthdays, due dates, invoice dates, and SQL `DATE` columns.
### Constructing
import lyng.time
val today = Date()
val d1 = Date(2026, 4, 15)
val d2 = Date("2024-02-29")
val d3 = Date.parseIso("2024-02-29")
val d4 = Date(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 15, 30, 45, "+02:00"))
val d5 = Date(Instant("2024-01-01T23:30:00Z"), "+02:00")
### Date members
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| year: Int | year component |
| month: Int | month component (1..12) |
| day: Int | day of month (alias `dayOfMonth`) |
| dayOfWeek: Int | day of week (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) |
| dayOfYear: Int | day of year (1..365/366) |
| isLeapYear: Bool | whether this date is in a leap year |
| lengthOfMonth: Int | number of days in this month |
| lengthOfYear: Int | 365 or 366 |
| toIsoString(): String | ISO `YYYY-MM-DD` string |
| toSortableString(): String | alias to `toIsoString()` |
| toDateTime(tz="Z"): DateTime | start-of-day `DateTime` in the specified timezone |
| atStartOfDay(tz="Z"): DateTime | alias to `toDateTime()` |
| addDays(n): Date | add or subtract calendar days |
| addMonths(n): Date | add or subtract months, normalizing end-of-month |
| addYears(n): Date | add or subtract years |
| daysUntil(other): Int | calendar days until `other` |
| daysSince(other): Int | calendar days since `other` |
| static today(tz?): Date | today in the specified timezone |
| static parseIso(s): Date | parse ISO `YYYY-MM-DD` |
### Date arithmetic
`Date` supports only whole-day arithmetic. This is deliberate: calendar dates should not silently accept
sub-day durations.
import lyng.time
val d1 = Date(2026, 4, 15)
val d2 = d1.addDays(10)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 25), d2)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 18), d1 + 3.days)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 12), d1 - 3.days)
assertEquals(10, d1.daysUntil(d2))
assertEquals(10, d2.daysSince(d1))
assertEquals(10, d2 - d1)
### Date conversions
import lyng.time
val i = Instant("2024-01-01T23:30:00Z")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 1), i.toDate("Z"))
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 2), i.toDate("+02:00"))
val dt = DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 15, 30, 45, "+02:00")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 5, 20), dt.date)
assertEquals(Date(2024, 5, 20), dt.toDate())
assertEquals(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0, "Z"), Date(2024, 5, 20).toDateTime("Z"))
assertEquals(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0, "+02:00"), Date(2024, 5, 20).atStartOfDay("+02:00"))
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| epochSeconds: Real | positive or negative offset in seconds since Unix epoch |
| epochWholeSeconds: Int | same, but in _whole seconds_. Slightly faster |
| nanosecondsOfSecond: Int | offset from epochWholeSeconds in nanos |
| isDistantFuture: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantFuture` |
| isDistantPast: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantPast` |
| truncateToMinute: Instant | create new instance truncated to minute |
| truncateToSecond: Instant | create new instance truncated to second |
| truncateToMillisecond: Instant | truncate new instance to millisecond |
| truncateToMicrosecond: Instant | truncate new instance to microsecond |
| toRFC3339(): String | format as RFC3339 string (UTC) |
| toDateTime(tz?): DateTime | localize to a TimeZone (ID string or offset seconds) |
## Calendar time: `DateTime`
`DateTime` represents a point in time in a specific timezone. It provides access to calendar components
such as year, month, day, and hour.
`DateTime` represents a point in time in a specific timezone. It provides access to calendar components like year,
month, and day.
### Constructing
import lyng.time
// Current time in system default timezone
val now = DateTime.now()
// Specific timezone
val offsetTime = DateTime.now("+02:00")
// From Instant
val dt = Instant().toDateTime("Z")
// By components (year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, timeZone="UTC")
val dt2 = DateTime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, "Z")
// From RFC3339 string
val dt3 = DateTime.parseRFC3339("2024-01-01T12:00:00+02:00")
### DateTime members
@ -144,9 +83,7 @@ such as year, month, day, and hour.
| second: Int | second component (0..59) |
| dayOfWeek: Int | day of week (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) |
| timeZone: String | timezone ID string |
| date: Date | calendar date component |
| toInstant(): Instant | convert back to absolute Instant |
| toDate(): Date | extract the calendar date in this timezone |
| toUTC(): DateTime | shortcut to convert to UTC |
| toTimeZone(tz): DateTime | convert to another timezone |
| addMonths(n): DateTime | add/subtract months (normalizes end of month) |
@ -159,27 +96,28 @@ such as year, month, day, and hour.
`DateTime` handles calendar arithmetic correctly:
import lyng.time
val leapDay = Instant("2024-02-29T12:00:00Z").toDateTime("Z")
val nextYear = leapDay.addYears(1)
assertEquals(28, nextYear.day)
assertEquals(nextYear.day, 28) // Feb 29, 2024 -> Feb 28, 2025
# `Duration` class
`Duration` represents absolute elapsed time between two instants.
Represent absolute time distance between two `Instant`.
import lyng.time
val t1 = Instant()
delay(1.millisecond)
val t2 = Instant()
assert(t2 - t1 >= 1.millisecond)
assert(t2 - t1 < 100.millisecond)
// yes we can delay to period, and it is not blocking. is suspends!
delay(1.millisecond)
val t2 = Instant()
// be suspend, so actual time may vary:
assert( t2 - t1 >= 1.millisecond)
assert( t2 - t1 < 100.millisecond)
>>> void
Duration values can be created from numbers using extensions on `Int` and `Real`:
Duration can be converted from numbers, like `5.minutes` and so on. Extensions are created for
`Int` and `Real`, so for n as Real or Int it is possible to create durations::
- `n.millisecond`, `n.milliseconds`
- `n.second`, `n.seconds`
@ -187,9 +125,10 @@ Duration values can be created from numbers using extensions on `Int` and `Real`
- `n.hour`, `n.hours`
- `n.day`, `n.days`
Larger units like months or years are calendar-dependent and are intentionally not part of `Duration`.
The bigger time units like months or years are calendar-dependent and can't be used with `Duration`.
Each duration instance can be converted to numbers in these units:
Each duration instance can be converted to number of any of these time units, as `Real` number, if `d` is a `Duration`
instance:
- `d.microseconds`
- `d.milliseconds`
@ -198,16 +137,18 @@ Each duration instance can be converted to numbers in these units:
- `d.hours`
- `d.days`
Example:
for example
import lyng.time
assertEquals( 60, 1.minute.seconds )
assertEquals( 10.milliseconds, 0.01.seconds )
assertEquals(60, 1.minute.seconds)
assertEquals(10.milliseconds, 0.01.seconds)
>>> void
# Utility functions
## `delay(duration: Duration)`
## delay(duration: Duration)
Suspends current coroutine for at least the specified duration.
Suspends the current coroutine for at least the specified duration.

View File

@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ __Other documents to read__ maybe after this one:
- [OOP notes](OOP.md), [exception handling](exceptions_handling.md)
- [math in Lyng](math.md), [the `when` statement](when.md), [return statement](return_statement.md)
- [Testing and Assertions](Testing.md)
- [Generics and type expressions](generics.md)
- [time](time.md) and [parallelism](parallelism.md)
- [parallelism] - multithreaded code, coroutines, etc.
- Some class
references: [List], [ImmutableList], [Set], [ImmutableSet], [Map], [ImmutableMap], [Real], [Range], [Iterable], [Iterator], [time manipulation](time.md), [Array], [RingBuffer], [Buffer].
references: [List], [Set], [Map], [Real], [Range], [Iterable], [Iterator], [time manipulation](time.md), [Array], [RingBuffer], [Buffer].
- Some samples: [combinatorics](samples/combinatorics.lyng.md), national vars and
loops: [сумма ряда](samples/сумма_ряда.lyng.md). More at [samples folder](samples)
@ -107,23 +106,6 @@ Singleton objects are declared using the `object` keyword. They define a class a
Logger.log("Hello singleton!")
## Nested Declarations (short)
Classes, objects, and enums can be declared inside another class. They live in the class namespace (no outer instance capture), so you access them with a qualifier:
class A {
class B(x?)
object Inner { val foo = "bar" }
enum E* { One, Two }
}
val ab = A.B()
assertEquals(ab.x, null)
assertEquals(A.Inner.foo, "bar")
assertEquals(A.One, A.E.One)
See [OOP notes](OOP.md#nested-declarations) for rules, visibility, and enum lifting details.
## Delegation (briefly)
You can delegate properties and functions to other objects using the `by` keyword. This is perfect for patterns like `lazy` initialization.
@ -229,8 +211,9 @@ Naturally, assignment returns its value:
rvalue means you cant assign the result if the assignment
var x
// compile-time error: can't assign to rvalue
(x = 11) = 5
assertThrows { (x = 11) = 5 }
void
>>> void
This also prevents chain assignments so use parentheses:
@ -241,36 +224,24 @@ This also prevents chain assignments so use parentheses:
## Nullability
Nullability is part of the type. `String` is non-null, `String?` is nullable. Use `!!` to assert non-null and throw
`NullReferenceException` if the value is `null`.
When the value is `null`, it might throws `NullReferenceException`, the name is somewhat a tradition. To avoid it
one can check it against null or use _null coalescing_. The null coalescing means, if the operand (left) is null,
the operation won't be performed and the result will be null. Here is the difference:
class Sample {
var field = 1
fun method() { 2 }
var list = [1, 2, 3]
}
val ref: Sample? = null
val list: List<Int>? = null
// direct access throws NullReferenceException:
// ref.field
// ref.method()
// ref.list[1]
// list[1]
val ref = null
assertThrows { ref.field }
assertThrows { ref.method() }
assertThrows { ref.array[1] }
assertThrows { ref[1] }
assertThrows { ref() }
assert( ref?.field == null )
assert( ref?.method() == null )
assert( ref?.list?[1] == null )
assert( list?[1] == null )
assert( ref?.array?[1] == null )
assert( ref?[1] == null )
assert( ref?() == null )
>>> void
Note: `?.` is still a typed operation. The receiver must have a compile-time type that declares the member; if the
receiver is `Object`, cast it first or declare a more specific type.
There is also "elvis operator", null-coalesce infix operator '?:' that returns rvalue if lvalue is `null`:
null ?: "nothing"
@ -327,8 +298,8 @@ Much like let, but it does not alter returned value:
While it is not altering return value, the source object could be changed:
also
class Point(var x: Int, var y: Int)
val p: Point = Point(1,2).also { it.x++ }
class Point(x,y)
val p = Point(1,2).also { it.x++ }
assertEquals(p.x, 2)
>>> void
@ -336,9 +307,9 @@ also
It works much like `also`, but is executed in the context of the source object:
class Point(var x: Int, var y: Int)
class Point(x,y)
// see the difference: apply changes this to newly created Point:
val p = Point(1,2).apply { this@Point.x++; this@Point.y++ }
val p = Point(1,2).apply { x++; y++ }
assertEquals(p, Point(2,3))
>>> void
@ -346,7 +317,7 @@ It works much like `also`, but is executed in the context of the source object:
Sets `this` to the first argument and executes the block. Returns the value returned by the block:
class Point(var x: Int, var y: Int)
class Point(x,y)
val p = Point(1,2)
val sum = with(p) { x + y }
assertEquals(3, sum)
@ -375,18 +346,6 @@ It is rather simple, like everywhere else:
See [math](math.md) for more on it. Notice using Greek as identifier, all languages are allowed.
For linear algebra, import `lyng.matrix`:
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
val i: Matrix = Matrix.identity(2)
val sum: Matrix = a + i
assertEquals([[2.0, 2.0], [3.0, 5.0]], sum.toList())
>>> void
See [Matrix](Matrix.md) for vectors, matrix multiplication, inversion, and slicing such as `m[0..2, 1]`.
Logical operation could be used the same
var x = 10
@ -466,6 +425,8 @@ Almost the same, using `val`:
val foo = 1
foo += 1 // this will throw exception
# Constants
Same as in kotlin:
val HalfPi = π / 2
@ -473,163 +434,6 @@ Same as in kotlin:
Note using greek characters in identifiers! All letters allowed, but remember who might try to read your script, most
likely will know some English, the rest is the pure uncertainty.
# Types and inference
Lyng uses Kotlin-style static types with inference. You can always write explicit types, but in most places the compiler
can infer them from literals, defaults, and flow analysis.
## Type annotations
Use `:` to specify a type:
var x: Int = 10
val label: String = "count"
fun clamp(x: Int, min: Int, max: Int): Int { ... }
`Object` is the top type. If you omit a type and there is no default value, the parameter is `Object` by default:
fun show(x) { println(x) } // x is Object
For nullable types, add `?`:
fun showMaybe(x: Object?) { ... }
fun parseInt(s: String?): Int? { ... }
There is also a nullable shorthand for untyped parameters and constructor args: `x?` means `x: Object?`.
It cannot be combined with an explicit type annotation.
class A(x?) { ... } // x: Object?
fun f(x?) { x == null } // x: Object?
Type aliases name type expressions and can be generic:
type Num = Int | Real
type Maybe<T> = T?
Aliases expand to their underlying type expressions. See `docs/generics.md` for details.
`void` is a singleton value of the class `Void`. `Void` can be used as an explicit return type:
fun log(msg): Void { println(msg); void }
`Null` is the class of `null`. It is a singleton type and mostly useful for type inference results.
For type expressions, you can check nullability directly:
T is nullable
T !is nullable
This is especially useful in generic code and in `when` over a type parameter:
fun describe<T>(x: T): String = when (T) {
nullable -> "nullable"
else -> "non-null"
}
## Type inference
The compiler infers types from:
- literals: `1` is `Int`, `1.0` is `Real`, `"s"` is `String`, `'c'` is `Char`
- defaults: `fun f(x=1, name="n")` infers `x: Int`, `name: String`
- assignments: `val x = call()` uses the return type of `call`
- returns and branches: the result type of a block is the last expression, and if any branch is nullable,
the inferred type becomes nullable
- numeric ops: `Int` and `Real` stay `Int` when both sides are `Int`, and promote to `Real` on mixed arithmetic
Examples:
fun inc(x=0) = x + 1 // (Int)->Int
fun maybe(flag) { if(flag) 1 else null } // ()->Int?
Function types are written as `(T1, T2, ...)->R`. You can include ellipsis in function *types* to
express a variadic position:
var fmt: (String, Object...)->String
var f: (Int, Object..., String)->Real
var anyArgs: (...)->Int // shorthand for (Object...)->Int
Untyped locals are allowed, but their type is fixed on the first assignment:
var x
x = 1 // x becomes Int
x = "one" // compile-time error
var y = null // y is Object?
val z = null // z is Null
Empty list/map literals default to `List<Object>` and `Map<Object,Object>` until a more specific type is known:
val xs = [] // List<Object>
val ys: List<Int> = [] // List<Int>
Map literals infer key/value types from entries; named keys are `String`. See `docs/generics.md` for details.
## Flow analysis
Lyng uses flow analysis to narrow types inside branches:
fun len(x: String?): Int {
if( x == null ) return 0
// x is String (non-null) in this branch
return x.length
}
`is` checks and `when` branches also narrow types:
fun kind(x: Object) {
if( x is Int ) return "int"
if( x is String ) return "string"
return "other"
}
Narrowing is local to the branch; after the branch, the original type is restored.
## Casts and unknown types
Use `as` for explicit casts. The compiler inserts casts only when it can be valid and necessary. If a cast fails at
runtime, it throws `ClassCastException`. If the value is nullable, `as T` implies a non-null assertion.
Member access is resolved at compile time. Only members of `Object` are available on unknown types; non-Object members
require an explicit cast:
fun f(x) { // x is Object
x.toString() // ok (Object member)
x.size() // compile-time error
(x as List).size() // ok
}
This avoids runtime name-resolution fallbacks; all symbols must be known at compile time.
## Generics and bounds
Generic parameters are declared with `<...>`:
fun id<T>(x: T): T = x
class Box<T>(val value: T)
Bounds use `:` and can combine with `&` (intersection) and `|` (union):
fun sum<T: Int | Real>(x: T, y: T) = x + y
class Named<T: Iterable & Comparable>(val data: T)
Type arguments are usually inferred from call sites:
val b = Box(10) // Box<Int>
val s = id("ok") // T is String
See [Generics and type expressions](generics.md) for bounds, unions/intersections, and type-checking rules.
## Variance
Generic types are invariant by default, so `List<Int>` is not a `List<Object>`.
Use declaration-site variance when you need it:
class Source<out T>(val value: T)
class Sink<in T> { fun accept(x: T) { ... } }
`out` makes the type covariant (only produced), `in` makes it contravariant (only consumed).
# Defining functions
fun check(amount) {
@ -671,9 +475,8 @@ There are default parameters in Lyng:
It is possible to define also vararg using ellipsis:
fun sum(args...) {
val list = args as List
var result = list[0]
for( i in 1 ..< list.size ) result += list[i]
var result = args[0]
for( i in 1 ..< args.size ) result += args[i]
}
sum(10,20,30)
>>> 60
@ -766,11 +569,6 @@ one could be with ellipsis that means "the rest pf arguments as List":
assert( { a, b...-> [a,...b] }(100, 1, 2, 3) == [100, 1, 2, 3])
void
Type-annotated lambdas can use variadic *function types* as well:
val f: (Int, Object..., String)->Real = { a, rest..., b -> 0.0 }
val anyArgs: (...)->Int = { -> 0 }
### Using lambda as the parameter
See also: [Testing and Assertions](Testing.md)
@ -781,7 +579,6 @@ See also: [Testing and Assertions](Testing.md)
var result = []
for( x in iterable ) result += transform(x)
}
// loop variables are read-only inside the loop body
assert( [11, 21, 31] == mapValues( [1,2,3], { it*10+1 }))
>>> void
@ -809,13 +606,6 @@ Lyng has built-in mutable array class `List` with simple literals:
[List] is an implementation of the type `Array`, and through it `Collection` and [Iterable]. Please read [Iterable],
many collection based methods are implemented there.
For immutable list values, use `list.toImmutable()` and [ImmutableList].
To construct a list programmatically, use the static helper `List.fill`:
val tens = List.fill(5) { index -> index * 10 }
assertEquals([0, 10, 20, 30, 40], tens)
>>> void
Lists can contain any type of objects, lists too:
@ -824,19 +614,11 @@ Lists can contain any type of objects, lists too:
assert( list is Array ) // general interface
assert(list.size == 3)
// second element is a list too:
assert((list[1] as List).size == 2)
assert(list[1].size == 2)
>>> void
Notice usage of indexing. You can use negative indexes to offset from the end of the list; see more in [Lists](List.md).
In general, bracket indexing may contain more than one selector:
value[i]
value[i, j]
For built-in lists, strings, maps, and buffers, the selector is usually a single value such as an `Int`, `Range`, or `Regex`.
For types with custom indexers, multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object and passed to `getAt` / `putAt`.
When you want to "flatten" it to single array, you can use splat syntax:
[1, ...[2,3], 4]
@ -1006,7 +788,6 @@ Set are unordered collection of unique elements, see [Set]. Sets are [Iterable]
>>> void
Please see [Set] for detailed description.
For immutable set values, use `set.toImmutable()` and [ImmutableSet].
# Maps
@ -1067,7 +848,6 @@ Notes:
- When you need computed (expression) keys or non-string keys, use `Map(...)` constructor with entries, e.g. `Map( ("a" + "b") => 1 )`, then merge with a literal if needed: `{ base: } + (computedKey => 42)`.
Please see the [Map] reference for a deeper guide.
For immutable map values, use `map.toImmutable()` and [ImmutableMap].
# Flow control operators
@ -1094,37 +874,6 @@ Or, more neat:
>>> just 3
>>> void
## compile if
`compile if` is a compile-time conditional. Unlike normal `if`, the compiler evaluates its condition while compiling
the file and completely skips the untaken branch. This is useful when some class or package may or may not be
available:
compile if (defined(Udp)) {
val socket = Udp()
println("udp is available")
} else {
println("udp is not available")
}
`compile if` also supports single-statement branches:
compile if (defined(lyng.io.net) && !defined(Udp))
println("network module exists, but Udp is not visible here")
else
println("either Udp exists or the module is unavailable")
Current condition syntax is intentionally limited to compile-time symbol checks:
- `defined(Name)`
- `defined(package.name)`
- `!`, `&&`, `||`
- parentheses
Examples:
compile if (defined(Udp) && defined(Tcp))
println("both transports are available")
## When
See also: [Comprehensive guide to `when`](when.md)
@ -1313,8 +1062,8 @@ ends normally, without breaks. It allows override loop result value, for example
to not calculate it in every iteration. For example, consider this naive prime number
test function (remember function return it's last expression result):
fun naive_is_prime(candidate: Int) {
val x = candidate
fun naive_is_prime(candidate) {
val x = if( candidate !is Int) candidate.toInt() else candidate
var divisor = 1
while( ++divisor < x/2 || divisor == 2 ) {
if( x % divisor == 0 ) break false
@ -1389,48 +1138,12 @@ For loop are intended to traverse collections, and all other objects that suppor
size and index access, like lists:
var letters = 0
val words: List<String> = ["hello", "world"]
for( w in words) {
letters += (w as String).length
for( w in ["hello", "wolrd"]) {
letters += w.length
}
"total letters: "+letters
>>> "total letters: 10"
When you need a counting loop that goes backwards, use an explicit descending
range:
var sum = 0
for( i in 5 downTo 1 ) {
sum += i
}
sum
>>> 15
If the lower bound should be excluded, use `downUntil`:
val xs = []
for( i in 5 downUntil 1 ) {
xs.add(i)
}
xs
>>> [5,4,3,2]
This is intentionally explicit: `5..1` is an empty ascending range, not an
implicit reverse loop.
Descending loops also support `step`:
val xs = []
for( i in 10 downTo 1 step 3 ) {
xs.add(i)
}
xs
>>> [10,7,4,1]
For descending ranges, `step` stays positive. The direction comes from
`downTo` / `downUntil`, so `10 downTo 1 step 3` is valid, while
`10 downTo 1 step -3` is an error.
For loop support breaks the same as while loops above:
fun search(haystack, needle) {
@ -1560,12 +1273,6 @@ It could be open and closed:
assert( 5 !in (1..<5) )
>>> void
Descending ranges are explicit too:
assertEquals([5,4,3,2,1], (5 downTo 1).toList())
assertEquals([5,4,3,2], (5 downUntil 1).toList())
>>> void
Ranges could be inside other ranges:
assert( (2..3) in (1..10) )
@ -1578,19 +1285,11 @@ There are character ranges too:
and you can use ranges in for-loops:
for( x in 'a'..<'c' ) println(x)
for( x in 'a' ..< 'c' ) println(x)
>>> a
>>> b
>>> void
Descending character ranges work the same way:
for( ch in 'e' downTo 'a' step 2 ) println(ch)
>>> e
>>> c
>>> a
>>> void
See [Ranges](Range.md) for detailed documentation on it.
# Time routines
@ -1631,7 +1330,7 @@ than enum arrays, until `Lynon.encodeTyped` will be implemented.
var result = null // here we will store the result
>>> null
# Built-in types
# Integral data types
| type | description | literal samples |
|--------|---------------------------------|---------------------|
@ -1641,7 +1340,6 @@ than enum arrays, until `Lynon.encodeTyped` will be implemented.
| Char | single unicode character | `'S'`, `'\n'` |
| String | unicode string, no limits | "hello" (see below) |
| List | mutable list | [1, "two", 3] |
| Object | top type for all values | |
| Void | no value could exist, singleton | void |
| Null | missing value, singleton | null |
| Fn | callable type | |
@ -1654,94 +1352,28 @@ The type for the character objects is `Char`.
### String literal escapes
Lyng string literals can use either double quotes or backticks:
val a = "hello"
val b = `hello`
assert(a == b)
| escape | ASCII value |
|--------|-----------------------|
| \n | 0x10, newline |
| \r | 0x13, carriage return |
| \t | 0x07, tabulation |
| \\ | \ slash character |
| \uXXXX | unicode code point |
Delimiter-specific escapes:
| form | escape | value |
|--------|--------|------------------|
| `"..."` | \" | " double quote |
| `` `...` `` | \` | ` backtick |
Unicode escape form is exactly 4 hex digits, e.g. `"\u263A"` -> `☺`.
| \" | " double quote |
Other `\c` combinations, where c is any char except mentioned above, are left intact, e.g.:
val s = "\a"
assert(s[0] == '\\')
assert(s[0] == '\')
assert(s[1] == 'a')
>>> void
same as:
val s = "\\a"
assert(s[0] == '\\')
assert(s[0] == '\')
assert(s[1] == 'a')
>>> void
### String interpolation
Supported forms:
- `$name`
- `${expr}`
Literal dollar forms:
- `\$` -> `$`
- `$$` -> `$`
Example:
val name = "Lyng"
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", "hello, $name!")
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", `hello, $name!`)
assertEquals("sum=3", "sum=${1+2}")
assertEquals("sum=3", `sum=${1+2}`)
assertEquals("\$name", "\$name")
assertEquals("\$name", "$$name")
assertEquals("\$name", `\$name`)
assertEquals("\$name", `$$name`)
assertEquals("\\Lyng", "\\$name")
assertEquals("\\Lyng", `\\$name`)
>>> void
Interpolation and `printf`-style formatting can be combined when needed:
val method = "transfer"
val argc = 2
val compact = "%s:%d"(method, argc)
assertEquals("call=transfer:2", "call=$compact")
assertEquals("[transfer:2] ok", "[${"%s:%d"(method, argc)}] ok")
>>> void
Interpolation also works well with regex patterns. To keep a literal `$` in the
regex, escape it in the resulting pattern:
val currency = "USD"
val amount = 15
val escapedDollar = "\\$"
val re = Regex("^${currency}${escapedDollar}${amount}$")
assert("USD$15" =~ re)
assert("USD15" !~ re)
>>> void
If you need old literal behavior in a file, add a leading directive comment:
// feature: interpolation: off
### Char literal escapes
Are the same as in string literals with little difference:
@ -1753,9 +1385,6 @@ Are the same as in string literals with little difference:
| \t | 0x07, tabulation |
| \\ | \ slash character |
| \' | ' apostrophe |
| \uXXXX | unicode code point |
For char literals, use `'\\'` to represent a single backslash character; `'\'` is invalid.
### Char instance members
@ -1822,14 +1451,6 @@ Open-ended ranges could be used to get start and end too:
assertEquals( "pult", "catapult"[ 4.. ])
>>> void
The same bracket syntax is also used by imported numeric modules such as `lyng.matrix`, where indexing can be multi-axis:
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
>>> void
### String operations
Concatenation is a `+`: `"hello " + name` works as expected. No confusion. There is also
@ -1841,21 +1462,13 @@ Concatenation is a `+`: `"hello " + name` works as expected. No confusion. There
Extraction:
("abcd42def"[ "\d+".re ] as RegexMatch).value
"abcd42def"[ "\d+".re ].value
>>> "42"
Part match:
assert( "abc foo def" =~ "f[oO]+".re )
assert( "foo" == ($~ as RegexMatch).value )
>>> void
Replacing text:
assertEquals("bonono", "banana".replace('a', 'o'))
assertEquals("a-b-c", "a.b.c".replace(".", "-")) // string patterns are literal
assertEquals("v#.#.#", "v1.2.3".replace("\d+".re, "#"))
assertEquals("v[1].[2].[3]", "v1.2.3".replace("(\d+)".re) { m -> "[" + m[1] + "]" })
assert( "foo" == $~.value )
>>> void
Repeating the fragment:
@ -1893,8 +1506,6 @@ A typical set of String functions includes:
| characters | create [List] of characters (1) |
| encodeUtf8() | returns [Buffer] with characters encoded to utf8 |
| matches(re) | matches the regular expression (2) |
| replace(old, new) | replace all literal or regex matches; regex needs [Regex] |
| replaceFirst(old,new)| replace the first literal or regex match |
| | |
(1)
@ -1958,7 +1569,6 @@ Lambda avoid unnecessary execution if assertion is not failed. for example:
| π | See [math](math.md) |
[List]: List.md
[ImmutableList]: ImmutableList.md
[Testing]: Testing.md
@ -1975,10 +1585,8 @@ Lambda avoid unnecessary execution if assertion is not failed. for example:
[string formatting]: https://github.com/sergeych/mp_stools?tab=readme-ov-file#sprintf-syntax-summary
[Set]: Set.md
[ImmutableSet]: ImmutableSet.md
[Map]: Map.md
[ImmutableMap]: ImmutableMap.md
[Buffer]: Buffer.md
@ -2111,7 +1719,7 @@ You can add new methods and properties to existing classes without modifying the
### Extension properties
val Int.isEven get() = this % 2 == 0
val Int.isEven = this % 2 == 0
4.isEven
>>> true
@ -2121,30 +1729,6 @@ Example with custom accessors:
"abc".firstChar
>>> 'a'
### Extension indexers
Indexers can also be extended by overriding `getAt` and `putAt` on the receiver:
```lyng
object Storage
var storageData = {}
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? {
storageData[key]
}
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
storageData[key] = value
}
Storage["answer"] = 42
val answer: Int? = Storage["answer"]
assertEquals(42, answer)
```
This works for classes and named singleton `object` declarations. Bracket syntax is lowered to `getAt` / `putAt`, and multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object the same way as other custom indexers.
Extension members are **scope-isolated**: they are visible only in the scope where they are defined and its children. This prevents name collisions and improves security.
To get details on OOP in Lyng, see [OOP notes](OOP.md).
To get details on OOP in Lyng, see [OOP notes](OOP.md).

View File

@ -1,232 +1,9 @@
# What's New in Lyng
This document highlights the current Lyng release, **1.5.4**, and the broader additions from the 1.5 cycle.
It is intentionally user-facing: new language features, new modules, new tools, and the practical things you can build with them.
For a programmer-focused migration summary across 1.5.x, see `docs/whats_new_1_5.md`.
## Release 1.5.4 Highlights
- `1.5.4` is the stabilization release for the 1.5 feature set.
- The 1.5 line now brings together richer ranges and loops, interpolation, math modules, immutable and observable collections, richer `lyngio`, and much better CLI/IDE support.
- `1.5.4` specifically fixes user-visible issues around decimal arithmetic, mixed numeric flows, list behavior, and observable list hooks.
- `1.5.4` also fixes extension-member registration for named singleton `object` declarations, so `fun X.foo()` and `val X.bar` now work as expected.
- `1.5.4` also lets named singleton `object` declarations use scoped indexer extensions with bracket syntax, so patterns like `Storage["name"]` can be implemented with `override fun Storage.getAt(...)` / `putAt(...)`.
- The docs, homepage samples, and release metadata now point at the current stable version.
## User Highlights Across 1.5.x
- Descending ranges and loops with `downTo` / `downUntil`
- String interpolation with `$name` and `${expr}`
- Decimal arithmetic, matrices/vectors, and complex numbers
- Calendar `Date` support in `lyng.time`
- Immutable collections and opt-in `ObservableList`
- Rich `lyngio` modules for SQLite databases, console, HTTP, WebSocket, TCP, and UDP
- CLI improvements including the built-in formatter `lyng fmt`
- Better IDE support and stronger docs around the released feature set
This document highlights the latest additions and improvements to the Lyng language and its ecosystem.
## Language Features
### Descending Ranges and Loops
Lyng ranges are no longer just ascending. You can now write explicit descending ranges with inclusive or exclusive lower bounds.
```lyng
assertEquals([5,4,3,2,1], (5 downTo 1).toList())
assertEquals([5,4,3,2], (5 downUntil 1).toList())
for (i in 10 downTo 1 step 3) {
println(i)
}
```
This also works for characters:
```lyng
assertEquals(['e','c','a'], ('e' downTo 'a' step 2).toList())
```
See [Range](Range.md).
### String Interpolation
Lyng 1.5.1 added built-in string interpolation:
- `$name`
- `${expr}`
Literal dollar forms are explicit too:
- `\$` -> `$`
- `$$` -> `$`
```lyng
val name = "Lyng"
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", "hello, $name!")
assertEquals("sum=3", "sum=${1+2}")
assertEquals("\$name", "\$name")
assertEquals("\$name", "$$name")
```
If you need legacy literal-dollar behavior in a file, add:
```lyng
// feature: interpolation: off
```
See [Tutorial](tutorial.md).
### Matrix and Vector Module (`lyng.matrix`)
Lyng now ships a dense linear algebra module with immutable double-precision `Matrix` and `Vector` types.
It provides:
- `matrix([[...]])` and `vector([...])`
- matrix multiplication
- matrix inversion
- determinant, trace, rank
- solving `A * x = b`
- vector operations such as `dot`, `normalize`, `cross`, and `outer`
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[4, 7], [2, 6]])
val inv: Matrix = a.inverse()
assert(abs(inv.get(0, 0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
```
Matrices also support Lyng-style slicing:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
val column: Matrix = m[0..2, 2]
val tail: Matrix = m[1.., 1..]
assertEquals([[3.0], [6.0], [9.0]], column.toList())
assertEquals([[5.0, 6.0], [8.0, 9.0]], tail.toList())
```
See [Matrix](Matrix.md).
### Multiple Selectors in Bracket Indexing
Bracket indexing now accepts more than one selector:
```lyng
value[i]
value[i, j]
value[i, j, k]
```
For custom indexers, multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object and dispatched through `getAt` / `putAt`.
This is the rule used by `lyng.matrix` and by embedding APIs for Kotlin-backed indexers.
### Decimal Arithmetic Module (`lyng.decimal`)
Lyng now ships a first-class decimal module built as a regular extension library rather than a deep core special case.
It provides:
- `Decimal`
- convenient `.d` conversions from `Int`, `Real`, and `String`
- mixed arithmetic with `Int` and `Real`
- local division precision and rounding control via `withDecimalContext(...)`
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("3", (1 + 2.d).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("0.30000000000000004", (0.1 + 0.2).d.toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("0.3", "0.3".d.toStringExpanded())
assertEquals(
"0.3333333333",
withDecimalContext(10) { (1.d / 3.d).toStringExpanded() }
)
```
The distinction between `Real -> Decimal` and exact decimal parsing is explicit by design:
- `2.2.d` converts the current `Real` value
- `"2.2".d` parses exact decimal text
See [Decimal](Decimal.md).
### Complex Numbers (`lyng.complex`)
Lyng also ships a complex-number module for ordinary arithmetic in the complex plane.
```lyng
import lyng.complex
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(2.0, 2.0), 2.i + 2)
val z = 1 + π.i
println(z.exp())
```
See [Complex](Complex.md).
### Legacy Digest Module (`lyng.legacy_digest`)
For situations where an external protocol or file format requires a SHA-1 value,
Lyng now ships a `lyng.legacy_digest` module backed by a pure Kotlin/KMP
implementation with no extra dependencies.
> ⚠️ SHA-1 is cryptographically broken. Use only for legacy-compatibility work.
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
val hex = LegacyDigest.sha1("abc")
// → "a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d"
// Also accepts raw bytes:
import lyng.buffer
val buf = Buffer.decodeHex("616263")
assertEquals(hex, LegacyDigest.sha1(buf))
```
The name `LegacyDigest` is intentional: it signals that these algorithms belong
to a compatibility layer, not to a current security toolkit.
See [LegacyDigest](LegacyDigest.md).
### Binary Operator Interop Registry
Lyng now provides a general mechanism for mixed binary operators through `lyng.operators`.
This solves cases like:
- `Int + MyType`
- `Real < MyType`
- `Int == MyType`
without requiring changes to built-in classes.
```lyng
import lyng.operators
class DecimalBox(val value: Int) {
fun plus(other: DecimalBox) = DecimalBox(value + other.value)
fun compareTo(other: DecimalBox) = value <=> other.value
}
OperatorInterop.register(
Int,
DecimalBox,
DecimalBox,
[BinaryOperator.Plus, BinaryOperator.Compare, BinaryOperator.Equals],
{ x: Int -> DecimalBox(x) },
{ x: DecimalBox -> x }
)
assertEquals(DecimalBox(3), 1 + DecimalBox(2))
assert(1 < DecimalBox(2))
assert(2 == DecimalBox(2))
```
`lyng.decimal` uses this same mechanism internally to interoperate with `Int` and `Real`.
See [Operator Interop Registry](OperatorInterop.md).
### Class Properties with Accessors
Classes now support properties with custom `get()` and `set()` accessors. Properties in Lyng do **not** have automatic backing fields; they are pure accessors.
@ -324,48 +101,13 @@ Singleton objects are declared using the `object` keyword. They provide a conven
```lyng
object Config {
val version = "1.5.4"
val version = "1.2.3"
fun show() = println("Config version: " + version)
}
Config.show()
```
Named singleton objects can also be used as extension receivers:
```lyng
object X {
fun base() = "base"
}
fun X.decorate(value): String {
this.base() + ":" + value.toString()
}
val X.tag get() = this.base() + ":tag"
assertEquals("base:42", X.decorate(42))
assertEquals("base:tag", X.tag)
```
### Nested Declarations and Lifted Enums
You can now declare classes, objects, enums, and type aliases inside another class. These nested declarations live in the class namespace (no outer instance capture) and are accessed with a qualifier.
```lyng
class A {
class B(x?)
object Inner { val foo = "bar" }
enum E* { One, Two }
}
val ab = A.B()
assertEquals(ab.x, null)
assertEquals(A.Inner.foo, "bar")
assertEquals(A.One, A.E.One)
```
The `*` on `enum E*` lifts entries into the enclosing class namespace (compile-time error on ambiguity).
### Object Expressions
You can now create anonymous objects that inherit from classes or interfaces using the `object : Base { ... }` syntax. These expressions capture their lexical scope and support multiple inheritance.
@ -464,124 +206,8 @@ x.clamp(0..10) // returns 10
`clamp()` correctly handles inclusive (`..`) and exclusive (`..<`) ranges. For discrete types like `Int` and `Char`, clamping to an exclusive upper bound returns the previous value.
### Immutable Collections
Lyng 1.5 adds immutable collection types for APIs that should not expose mutable state through aliases:
- `ImmutableList`
- `ImmutableSet`
- `ImmutableMap`
```lyng
val a = ImmutableList(1,2,3)
val b = a + 4
assertEquals(ImmutableList(1,2,3), a)
assertEquals(ImmutableList(1,2,3,4), b)
```
See [ImmutableList](ImmutableList.md), [ImmutableSet](ImmutableSet.md), and [ImmutableMap](ImmutableMap.md).
### Observable Mutable Lists
For reactive-style code, `lyng.observable` provides `ObservableList` with hooks and change streams.
```lyng
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1,2].observable()
xs.onChange { println("changed") }
xs += 3
```
You can validate or reject mutations in `beforeChange`, listen in `onChange`, and consume structured change events from `changes()`.
See [ObservableList](ObservableList.md).
### Random API
The standard library now includes a built-in random API plus deterministic seeded generators.
```lyng
val rng = Random.seeded(1234)
assert(rng.next(1..10) in 1..10)
assert(rng.next('a'..<'f') in 'a'..<'f')
```
Use:
- `Random.nextInt()`
- `Random.nextFloat()`
- `Random.next(range)`
- `Random.seeded(seed)`
## Tooling and Infrastructure
### Rich Console Apps with `lyng.io.console`
`lyngio` now includes a real console module for terminal applications:
- TTY detection
- screen clearing and cursor movement
- alternate screen buffer
- raw input mode
- typed key and resize events
```lyng
import lyng.io.console
Console.enterAltScreen()
Console.clear()
Console.moveTo(1, 1)
Console.write("Hello from Lyng console app")
Console.flush()
Console.leaveAltScreen()
```
The repository includes a full interactive Tetris sample built on this API.
See [lyng.io.console](lyng.io.console.md).
### HTTP, WebSocket, TCP, and UDP in `lyngio`
`lyngio` grew from filesystem/process support into a broader application-facing I/O library. In 1.5.x it includes:
- `lyng.io.http` for HTTP/HTTPS client calls
- `lyng.io.ws` for WebSocket clients
- `lyng.io.net` for raw TCP/UDP transport
HTTP example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get("https://example.com")
println(r.status)
println(r.text())
```
TCP example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.net
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", 4040)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
println(socket.readLine())
socket.close()
```
WebSocket example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect("wss://example.com/socket")
ws.sendText("hello")
println(ws.receive())
ws.close()
```
These modules are capability-gated and host-installed, keeping Lyng safe by default while making networked scripts practical when enabled.
See [lyngio overview](lyngio.md), [lyng.io.db](lyng.io.db.md), [lyng.io.http](lyng.io.http.md), [lyng.io.ws](lyng.io.ws.md), and [lyng.io.net](lyng.io.net.md).
### CLI: Formatting Command
A new `fmt` subcommand has been added to the Lyng CLI.
@ -591,15 +217,6 @@ lyng fmt --in-place MyFile.lyng # Format file in-place
lyng fmt --check MyFile.lyng # Check if file needs formatting
```
### CLI: Better Terminal Workflows
The CLI is no longer just a script launcher. In the 1.5 line it also gained:
- built-in formatter support
- integrated `lyng.io.console` support for terminal programs
- downloadable packaged distributions for easier local use
This makes CLI-first scripting and console applications much more practical than in earlier releases.
### IDEA Plugin: Autocompletion
Experimental lightweight autocompletion is now available in the IntelliJ plugin. It features type-aware member suggestions and inheritance-aware completion.
@ -607,12 +224,3 @@ You can enable it in **Settings | Lyng Formatter | Enable Lyng autocompletion**.
### Kotlin API: Exception Handling
The `Obj.getLyngExceptionMessageWithStackTrace()` extension method has been added to simplify retrieving detailed error information from Lyng exception objects in Kotlin. Additionally, `getLyngExceptionMessage()` and `raiseAsExecutionError()` now accept an optional `Scope`, making it easier to use them when a scope is not immediately available.
### Kotlin API: Bridge Reflection and Class Binding (Preferred Extensions)
Lyng now provides a public Kotlin reflection bridge and a Lyng‑first class binding workflow. This is the **preferred** way to write Kotlin extensions and library integrations:
- **Bridge resolver**: explicit handles for values, vars, and callables with predictable lookup rules.
- **Class bridge binding**: declare extern surfaces in Lyng (`extern` members, or members inside `extern class/object`) and bind the implementations in Kotlin before the first instance is created.
- **Extern declaration rule**: `extern class` / `extern object` are declaration-only; all members in their bodies are implicitly extern.
See **Embedding Lyng** for full samples and usage details.

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@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
# What's New in Lyng 1.3 (vs 1.2.* / master)
This is a programmer-focused summary of what changed since the 1.2.* line on `master`. It highlights new language and type-system features, runtime/IDE improvements, and how to migrate code safely.
## Highlights
- Generics are now a first-class part of the type system, with bounds, variance, unions, and intersections.
- Type aliases and type-expression checks (`T1 is T2`, `A in T`) enable richer static modeling.
- Nested declarations inside classes, plus lifted enum entries via `enum E*`.
- Stepped ranges (`step`) including iterable open-ended and real ranges.
- Runtime and compiler speedups: more bytecode coverage, direct slot access, call-site caching.
## Language and type system
### Generics, bounds, and variance
You can declare generic functions/classes with `<...>`, restrict them with bounds, and control variance.
```lyng
fun id<T>(x: T): T = x
class Box<out T>(val value: T)
fun sum<T: Int | Real>(x: T, y: T) = x + y
class Named<T: Iterable & Comparable>(val data: T)
```
### Type aliases and type expressions
Type aliases can name any type expression, including unions and intersections.
```lyng
type Num = Int | Real
type Maybe<T> = T?
```
Type expressions can be checked directly:
```lyng
fun f<T>(xs: List<T>) {
assert( T is Int | String | Bool ) // type-subset check
assert( Int in T ) // same relation as `Int is T`
}
```
Value checks remain `x is T`. Type expression equality uses `==` and is structural.
### Nullable shorthand for parameters
Untyped parameters and constructor args can use `x?` as shorthand for `x: Object?`:
```lyng
class A(x?) { ... }
fun f(x?) { x == null }
```
### List/map literal inference
The compiler now infers element and key/value types from literals and spreads. Mixed element types produce unions.
```lyng
val a = [1, 2, 3] // List<Int>
val b = [1, "two", true] // List<Int | String | Bool>
val m = { "a": 1, "b": "x" } // Map<String, Int | String>
```
### Compile-time member access only
Member access is resolved at compile time. On unknown types, only `Object` members are visible; other members require an explicit cast.
```lyng
fun f(x) { // x: Object
x.toString() // ok
x.size() // compile-time error
(x as List).size()
}
```
This removes runtime name-resolution fallbacks and makes errors deterministic.
### Nested declarations and lifted enums
Classes, objects, enums, and type aliases can be declared inside another class and accessed by qualifier. Enums can lift entries into the outer namespace with `*`.
```lyng
class A {
class B(x?)
object Inner { val foo = "bar" }
type Alias = B
enum E* { One, Two }
}
val b = A.B()
assertEquals(A.One, A.E.One)
```
### Stepped ranges
Ranges now support `step`, and open-ended/real ranges are iterable only with an explicit step.
```lyng
(1..5 step 2).toList() // [1,3,5]
(0.0..1.0 step 0.25).toList() // [0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0]
(0.. step 1).take(3).toList() // [0,1,2]
```
## Tooling and performance
- Bytecode compiler/VM coverage expanded (loops, expressions, calls), improving execution speed and consistency.
- Direct frame-slot access and scoped slot addressing reduce lookup overhead, including in closures.
- Call-site caching and numeric fast paths reduce hot-loop overhead.
- IDE tooling updated for the new type system and nested declarations; MiniAst-based completion work continues.
## Migration guide (from 1.2.*)
1) Replace dynamic member access on unknown types
- If you relied on runtime name resolution, add explicit casts or annotate types so the compiler can resolve members.
2) Adopt new type-system constructs where helpful
- Consider `type` aliases for complex unions/intersections.
- Prefer generic signatures over `Object` when the API is parametric.
3) Update range iteration where needed
- Use `step` for open-ended or real ranges you want to iterate.
4) Nullable shorthand is optional
- If you used untyped nullable params, you can keep `x` (Object) or switch to `x?` (Object?) for clarity.
## References
- `docs/generics.md`
- `docs/Range.md`
- `docs/OOP.md`
- `docs/BytecodeSpec.md`

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@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
# What's New in Lyng 1.5 (vs 1.3.* / master)
This document summarizes the significant changes and new features introduced in the 1.5 development cycle.
## Principal changes
### JIT compiler and compile-time types and symbols.
This major improvement gives the following big advantages:
- **Blazing Fast execution**: several times faster! (three to six times speedup in different scenarios).
- **Better IDE support**: autocompletion, early error detection, types check.
- **Error safety**: all symbols and types are checked at bound at compile-time. Many errors are detected earlier. Also, no risk that external or caller code would shadow some internally used symbols (especially in closures and inheritance).
In particular, it means no slow and flaky runtime lookups. Once compiled, code guarantees that it will always call the symbol known at compile-time; runtime name lookup though does not guarantee it and can be source of hard to trace bugs.
### New stable API to create Kotlin extensions
The API is fixed and will be kept with further Lyng core changes. It is now the recommended way to write Lyng extensions in Kotlin. It is much simpler and more elegant than the internal one. See [Kotlin Bridge Binding](../notes/kotlin_bridge_binding.md).
Extern declaration clarification:
- `extern class` / `extern object` are pure extern surfaces.
- Members inside them are implicitly extern (`extern` on a member is optional/redundant).
- Lyng method/property bodies for these declarations should be implemented as extensions instead.
### Smart types system
- **Deep inference**: The compiler analyzes types of symbols along the execution path and in many cases eliminates unnecessary casts or type specifications.
- **Union and intersection types**: `A & B`, `A | B`.
- **Generics**: Generic types are first-class citizens with support for [bounds and variance](generics.md). Type params are erased by default and are reified only when needed (e.g., `T::class`, `T is ...`, `as T`, or in extern-facing APIs), which enables checks like `A in T` when `T` is reified.
- **Inner classes and enums**: Full support for nested declarations, including [Enums with lifting](OOP.md#lifted-enum-entries).
## Other highlights
- **The `return` Statement**: Added support for local and non-local returns using labels.
- **Abstract Classes and Interfaces**: Full support for `abstract` members and the `interface` keyword.
- **Singleton Objects**: Define singletons using the `object` keyword or use anonymous object expressions.
- **Multiple Inheritance**: Enhanced multi-inheritance with predictable [C3 MRO resolution](OOP.md#multiple-inheritance-and-mro).
- **Unified Delegation**: Powerful delegation model for `val`, `var`, and `fun` members. See [Delegation](delegation.md).
- **Class Properties with Accessors**: Define `val` and `var` properties with custom `get()` and `set()`.
- **Restricted Setter Visibility**: Use `private set` and `protected set` on fields and properties.
- **Late-initialized `val`**: Support for `val` fields that are initialized in `init` blocks or class bodies.
- **Transient Members**: Use `@Transient` to exclude members from serialization and equality checks.
- **Named Arguments and Splats**: Improved call-site readability with `name: value` and map-based splats.
- **Refined Visibility**: Improved `protected` access and `closed` modifier for better encapsulation.
## Language Features
### The `return` Statement
You can now exit from the innermost enclosing callable (function or lambda) using `return`. Lyng also supports non-local returns to outer scopes using labels. See [Return Statement](return_statement.md).
```lyng
fun findFirst<T>(list: Iterable<T>, predicate: (T)->Bool): T? {
list.forEach {
if (predicate(it)) return@findFirst it
}
null
}
```
### Abstract Classes and Interfaces
Lyng now supports the `abstract` modifier for classes and their members. `interface` is introduced as a synonym for `abstract class`, allowing for rich multi-inheritance patterns.
```lyng
interface Shape {
abstract val area: Real
fun describe() = "Area: %g"(area)
}
class Circle(val radius: Real) : Shape {
override val area get = Math.PI * radius * radius
}
```
### Class Properties with Accessors
Properties can now have custom getters and setters. They do not have automatic backing fields, making them perfect for computed values or delegation.
```lyng
class Rectangle(var width: Real, var height: Real) {
val area: Real get() = width * height
var squareSize: Real
get() = area
set(v) {
width = sqrt(v)
height = width
}
}
```
### Singleton Objects
Declare singletons or anonymous objects easily.
```lyng
object Database {
val connection = "connected"
}
val runner = object : Runnable {
override fun run() = println("Running!")
}
```
### Named Arguments and Named Splats
Improve call-site clarity by specifying argument names. You can also expand a Map into named arguments using the splat operator.
```lyng
fun configure(timeout: Int, retry: Int = 3) { ... }
configure(timeout: 5000, retry: 5)
val options = Map("timeout": 1000, "retry": 1)
configure(...options)
```
### Modern Operators
The `?=` operator allows for concise "assign if null" logic.
```lyng
var cache: Map? = null
cache ?= Map("status": "ok") // Only assigns if cache is null
```
## Tooling and IDE
- **IDEA Plugin**: Significant improvements to autocompletion, documentation tooltips, and natural language support (Grazie integration).
- **CLI**: The `lyng fmt` command is now a first-class tool for formatting code with various options like `--check` and `--in-place`.
- **Performance**: Ongoing optimizations in the bytecode VM and compiler for faster execution and smaller footprint.
## Standard Library
- **`with(self, block)`**: Scoped execution with a dedicated `self`.
- **`clamp(value, min, max)`**: Easily restrict values to a range.
## Migration Guide (from 1.3.*)
1. **Check Visibility**: Refined `protected` and `private` rules may catch previously undetected invalid accesses.
2. **Override Keyword**: Ensure all members that override ancestor declarations are marked with the `override` keyword (now mandatory).
3. **Return in Shorthand**: Remember that `return` is forbidden in `=` shorthand functions; use block syntax if you need early exit.
4. **Empty Map Literals**: Use `Map()` or `{:}` for empty maps, as `{}` is now strictly a block/lambda.
## References
- [Object Oriented Programming](OOP.md)
- [Generics](generics.md)
- [Return Statement](return_statement.md)
- [Delegation](delegation.md)
- [Tutorial](tutorial.md)

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@ -1,325 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
import lyng.io.fs
val DB_FILE_NAME = "contents.db"
val ANSI_ESC = "\u001b["
val NEWLINE = "\n"
val WINDOWS_SEPARATOR = "\\"
val SQLITE_JOURNAL_SUFFIXES = ["-wal", "-shm", "-journal"]
val USAGE_TEXT = "
Lyng content index
Scan a directory tree, diff it against a SQLite snapshot, and optionally refresh the snapshot.
usage:
lyng examples/content_index_db.lyng <root> [-u|--update]
options:
-u, --update write the current scan back to $DB_FILE_NAME
notes:
- the database lives inside <root>/$DB_FILE_NAME
- on first run the snapshot is created automatically
- the script ignores its own SQLite sidecar files
"
val CREATE_FILE_INDEX_SQL = "
create table if not exists file_index(
path text primary key not null,
size integer not null,
mtime integer not null
)
"
val CREATE_CURRENT_SCAN_SQL = "
create temp table current_scan(
path text primary key not null,
size integer not null,
mtime integer not null
)
"
val SELECT_ADDED_SQL = "
select
c.path,
c.size,
c.mtime
from current_scan c
left join file_index f on f.path = c.path
where f.path is null
order by c.path
"
val SELECT_REMOVED_SQL = "
select f.path, f.size, f.mtime
from file_index f
left join current_scan c on c.path = f.path
where c.path is null
order by f.path
"
val SELECT_CHANGED_SQL = "
select c.path, f.size as old_size, c.size as new_size, f.mtime as old_mtime,
c.mtime as new_mtime
from current_scan c
join file_index f on f.path = c.path
where c.size != f.size or c.mtime != f.mtime
order by c.path
"
val DELETE_MISSING_SQL = "
delete from file_index
where not exists (
select 1
from current_scan c
where c.path = file_index.path
)
"
val UPSERT_SCAN_SQL = "
insert or replace into file_index(path, size, mtime)
select path, size, mtime
from current_scan
"
val INSERT_SCAN_ROW_SQL = "
insert into current_scan(path, size, mtime)
values(?, ?, ?)
"
val USE_COLOR = true
class CliOptions(val rootText: String, val updateSnapshot: Bool) {}
fun out(text: String? = null): Void {
if (text == null) {
print(NEWLINE)
return
}
print(text + NEWLINE)
}
fun paint(code: String, text: String): String {
if (!USE_COLOR) return text
ANSI_ESC + code + "m" + text + ANSI_ESC + "0m"
}
fun bold(text: String): String = paint("1", text)
fun dim(text: String): String = paint("2", text)
fun cyan(text: String): String = paint("36", text)
fun green(text: String): String = paint("32", text)
fun yellow(text: String): String = paint("33", text)
fun red(text: String): String = paint("31", text)
fun signed(value: Int): String = if (value > 0) "+" + value else value.toString()
fun plural(count: Int, one: String, many: String): String {
if (count == 1) return one
many
}
fun childPath(parent: Path, name: String): Path {
val base = parent.toString()
if (base.endsWith("/") || base.endsWith(WINDOWS_SEPARATOR)) {
return Path(base + name)
}
Path(base + "/" + name)
}
fun relativePath(root: Path, file: Path): String {
val parts: List<String> = []
for (i in root.segments.size..<file.segments.size) {
parts.add(file.segments[i] as String)
}
parts.joinToString("/")
}
fun isDatabaseArtifact(relative: String): Bool {
relative == DB_FILE_NAME || SQLITE_JOURNAL_SUFFIXES.any { relative == DB_FILE_NAME + (it as String) }
}
fun printUsage(message: String? = null): Void {
if (message != null && message.trim().isNotEmpty()) {
out(red("error: ") + message)
out()
}
out(bold(USAGE_TEXT))
}
fun parseArgs(argv: List<String>): CliOptions? {
var rootText: String? = null
var updateSnapshot = false
for (arg in argv) {
when (arg) {
"-u", "--update" -> updateSnapshot = true
"-h", "--help" -> {
printUsage()
return null
}
else -> {
if (arg.startsWith("-")) {
printUsage("unknown option: " + arg)
return null
}
if (rootText != null) {
printUsage("only one root path is allowed")
return null
}
rootText = arg
}
}
}
if (rootText == null) {
printUsage("missing required <root> argument")
return null
}
CliOptions(rootText as String, updateSnapshot)
}
fun printBanner(root: Path, dbFile: Path, dbWasCreated: Bool, updateSnapshot: Bool): Void {
val mode =
if (dbWasCreated) "bootstrap snapshot"
else if (updateSnapshot) "scan + refresh snapshot"
else "scan only"
out(cyan("== Lyng content index =="))
out(dim("root: " + root))
out(dim("db: " + dbFile))
out(dim("mode: " + mode))
out()
}
fun printSection(title: String, accent: (String)->String, rows: List<SqlRow>, render: (SqlRow)->String): Void {
out(accent(title + " (" + rows.size + ")"))
if (rows.isEmpty()) {
out(dim(" none"))
out()
return
}
for (row in rows) {
out(render(row))
}
out()
}
fun renderAdded(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val size = row["size"] as Int
val mtime = row["mtime"] as Int
" " + green("+") + " " + bold(path) + dim(" %12d B mtime %d"(size, mtime))
}
fun renderRemoved(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val size = row["size"] as Int
val mtime = row["mtime"] as Int
" " + red("-") + " " + bold(path) + dim(" %12d B mtime %d"(size, mtime))
}
fun renderChanged(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val oldSize = row["old_size"] as Int
val newSize = row["new_size"] as Int
val oldMtime = row["old_mtime"] as Int
val newMtime = row["new_mtime"] as Int
val sizeDelta = newSize - oldSize
val mtimeDelta = newMtime - oldMtime
" " + yellow("~") + " " + bold(path) +
dim(
" size %d -> %d (%s B), mtime %d -> %d (%s ms)"(
oldSize,
newSize,
signed(sizeDelta),
oldMtime,
newMtime,
signed(mtimeDelta)
)
)
}
fun loadRows(tx: SqlTransaction, query: String): List<SqlRow> = tx.select(query).toList()
fun main() {
val argv: List<String> = []
for (raw in ARGV as List) {
argv.add(raw as String)
}
val options = parseArgs(argv)
if (options == null) {
return
}
val root = Path(options.rootText)
if (!root.exists()) {
printUsage("root does not exist: " + root)
return
}
if (!root.isDirectory()) {
printUsage("root is not a directory: " + root)
return
}
val dbFile = childPath(root, DB_FILE_NAME)
val dbWasCreated = !dbFile.exists()
val shouldUpdateSnapshot = dbWasCreated || options.updateSnapshot
printBanner(root, dbFile, dbWasCreated, shouldUpdateSnapshot)
val db = openSqlite(dbFile.toString())
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute(CREATE_FILE_INDEX_SQL)
tx.execute("drop table if exists temp.current_scan")
tx.execute(CREATE_CURRENT_SCAN_SQL)
var scannedFiles = 0
for (rawEntry in root.glob("**")) {
val entry = rawEntry as Path
if (!entry.isFile()) continue
val relative = relativePath(root, entry)
if (isDatabaseArtifact(relative)) continue
val size = entry.size() ?: 0
val mtime = entry.modifiedAtMillis() ?: 0
tx.execute(INSERT_SCAN_ROW_SQL, relative, size, mtime)
scannedFiles++
}
val added = loadRows(tx, SELECT_ADDED_SQL)
val removed = loadRows(tx, SELECT_REMOVED_SQL)
val changed = loadRows(tx, SELECT_CHANGED_SQL)
val totalChanges = added.size + removed.size + changed.size
out(dim("scanned %d %s under %s"(scannedFiles, plural(scannedFiles, "file", "files"), root.toString())))
out(dim("detected %d %s"(totalChanges, plural(totalChanges, "change", "changes"))))
out()
printSection("Added", { green(it) }, added) { renderAdded(it) }
printSection("Removed", { red(it) }, removed) { renderRemoved(it) }
printSection("Changed", { yellow(it) }, changed) { renderChanged(it) }
if (shouldUpdateSnapshot) {
tx.execute(DELETE_MISSING_SQL)
tx.execute(UPSERT_SCAN_SQL)
val action = if (dbWasCreated) "created" else "updated"
out(cyan("snapshot " + action + " in " + dbFile.name))
} else {
out(dim("snapshot unchanged; re-run with -u or --update to persist the scan"))
}
}
}
main()

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@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
#!/env/bin lyng
import lyng.io.http
// Step 1: download the main lynglang.com page.
val home = Http.get("https://lynglang.com").text()
// Step 2: find the version-script reference in the page HTML.
val jsRef = "src=\"([^\"]*lyng-version\\.js)\"".re.find(home)
require(jsRef != null, "lyng-version.js reference not found on the homepage")
// Step 3: extract the referenced script path from the first regex capture.
val versionJsPath = jsRef[1]
// Step 4: download the script that exposes `window.LYNG_VERSION`.
val versionJs = Http.get("https://lynglang.com/" + versionJsPath).text()
// Step 5: pull the actual version string from the JavaScript source.
val versionMatch = "LYNG_VERSION\\s*=\\s*\"([^\"]+)\"".re.find(versionJs)
require(versionMatch != null, "LYNG_VERSION assignment not found")
// Step 6: print the discovered version for the user.
println("Lynglang.com version: " + ((versionMatch as RegexMatch)[1]))

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@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
fun calculateDepth(
T: Real,
m: Real,
d: Real,
rho: Real = 1.2,
c: Real = 340.0,
g: Real = 9.81,
Cd: Real = 0.5,
eps: Real = 1e-3,
maxIter: Int = 100
): Real? {
// Площадь миделя
val r = d / 2.0
val A = π * r * r
// Коэффициент сопротивления
val k = 0.5 * Cd * rho * A
// Предельная скорость
val vTerm = sqrt(m * g / k)
// Функция времени падения с высоты h
fun tFall(h: Real): Real {
// Для численной стабильности при больших h используем логарифмическую форму
val arg = exp(g * h / (vTerm * vTerm))
// arcosh(x) = ln(x + sqrt(x^2 - 1))
val arcosh = ln(arg + sqrt(arg * arg - 1.0))
return vTerm / g * arcosh
}
// Полное расчётное время
fun Tcalc(h: Real): Real = tFall(h) + h / c
// Находим интервал, содержащий корень
// Нижняя граница: глубина не может быть отрицательной
var lo = 0.0
// Верхняя граница: сначала попробуем оценку по свободному падению (без звука)
var hi = 0.5 * g * T * T // максимальная глубина, если бы не было сопротивления и звука
// Уточним hi, чтобы Tcalc(hi) было заведомо больше T
while (Tcalc(hi) < T && hi < 1e4) {
hi *= 2.0
}
// Проверка, что hi достаточно велико
if (Tcalc(hi) < T) return null // слишком большая глубина, не укладываемся в разумное
// Бисекция
var iter = 0
var h = (lo + hi) / 2.0
while (iter < maxIter && (hi - lo) > eps) {
val f = Tcalc(h) - T
if (abs(f) < eps) break
if (f > 0) {
hi = h
} else {
lo = h
}
h = (lo + hi) / 2.0
iter++
}
return h
}
// Пример: T=12 секунд
val T = 26.0
val m = 1.0 // кг
val d = 0.1 // м
val depth = calculateDepth(T, m, d)
if (depth != null) {
println("Глубина: %.2f м"(depth))
// Для проверки выведем теоретическое время при найденной глубине
// (можно добавить функцию для самопроверки)
} else {
println("Расчёт не сошёлся")
}

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@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
println("H2 JDBC demo: typed open, generic open, generated keys")
val db = openH2("mem:lyng_h2_demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists person(id bigint auto_increment primary key, name varchar(120) not null, active boolean not null)")
tx.execute("delete from person")
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into person(name, active) values(?, ?)",
"Ada",
true
)
val firstId = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys().toList()[0][0]
assertEquals(1, firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into person(name, active) values(?, ?)",
"Linus",
false
)
val rows = tx.select("select id, name, active from person order by id").toList()
assertEquals(2, rows.size)
println("#" + rows[0]["id"] + " " + rows[0]["name"] + " active=" + rows[0]["active"])
println("#" + rows[1]["id"] + " " + rows[1]["name"] + " active=" + rows[1]["active"])
}
val genericDb = openDatabase(
"jdbc:h2:mem:lyng_h2_generic;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1",
Map()
)
val answer = genericDb.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
println("Generic JDBC openDatabase(...) also works: answer=$answer")
println("OK")

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@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
import lyng.time
val WORK_SIZE = 500
val THREADS = 1
fn piSpigot(iThread: Int, n: Int) {
var piIter = 0
var pi = List.fill(n) { 0 }
val boxes = n * 10 / 3
var reminders = List.fill(boxes) { 2 }
var heldDigits = 0
for (i in 0..<n) {
var carriedOver = 0
var sum = 0
for (j in (boxes - 1) downTo 0) {
val denom = j * 2 + 1
reminders[j] *= 10
sum = reminders[j] + carriedOver
val quotient = sum / denom
reminders[j] = sum % denom
carriedOver = quotient * j
}
reminders[0] = sum % 10
var q = sum / 10
if (q == 9) {
++heldDigits
} else if (q == 10) {
q = 0
for (k in 1..heldDigits) {
var replaced = pi[i - k]
if (replaced == 9) {
replaced = 0
} else {
++replaced
}
pi[i - k] = replaced
}
heldDigits = 1
} else {
heldDigits = 1
}
pi[piIter] = q
++piIter
}
var res = ""
for (i in (n - 8)..<n) {
res += pi[i]
}
println(iThread.toString() + ": " + res)
res
}
for( r in 0..100 ) {
val t0 = Instant()
println("piBench (lyng): THREADS = " + THREADS + ", WORK_SIZE = " + WORK_SIZE)
for (i in 0..<THREADS) {
piSpigot(i, WORK_SIZE)
}
val dt = Instant() - t0
println("all done, dt = ", dt)
delay(800)
}

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@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
# Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
import time
from multiprocessing import Process
def piSpigot(iThread, nx):
piIter = 0
pi = [None] * nx
boxes = nx * 10 // 3
reminders = [None]*boxes
i = 0
while i < boxes:
reminders[i] = 2
i += 1
heldDigits = 0
i = 0
while i < nx:
carriedOver = 0
sum = 0
j = boxes - 1
while j >= 0:
reminders[j] *= 10
sum = reminders[j] + carriedOver
quotient = sum // (j * 2 + 1)
reminders[j] = sum % (j * 2 + 1)
carriedOver = quotient * j
j -= 1
reminders[0] = sum % 10
q = sum // 10
if q == 9:
heldDigits += 1
elif q == 10:
q = 0
k = 1
while k <= heldDigits:
replaced = pi[i - k]
if replaced == 9:
replaced = 0
else:
replaced += 1
pi[i - k] = replaced
k += 1
heldDigits = 1
else:
heldDigits = 1
pi[piIter] = q
piIter += 1
i += 1
res = ""
for i in range(len(pi)-8, len(pi), 1):
res += str(pi[i])
print(str(iThread) + ": " + res)
def createProcesses():
THREADS = 1
WORK_SIZE = 500
print("piBench (python3): THREADS = " + str(THREADS) + ", WORK_SIZE = " + str(WORK_SIZE))
pa = []
for i in range(THREADS):
p = Process(target=piSpigot, args=(i, WORK_SIZE))
p.start()
pa.append(p)
for p in pa:
p.join()
if __name__ == "__main__":
t1 = time.time()
createProcesses()
dt = time.time() - t1
print("total time: %i ms" % (dt*1000))

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@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
/*
PostgreSQL JDBC demo.
Usage:
lyng examples/postgres_basic.lyng [jdbc-url] [user] [password]
Typical local URL:
jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/postgres
*/
fun cliArgs(): List<String> {
val result: List<String> = []
for (raw in ARGV as List) {
result.add(raw as String)
}
return result
}
val argv = cliArgs()
val URL = if (argv.size > 0) argv[0] else "jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/postgres"
val USER = if (argv.size > 1) argv[1] else ""
val PASSWORD = if (argv.size > 2) argv[2] else ""
println("PostgreSQL JDBC demo: typed open, generated keys, nested transaction")
val db = openPostgres(URL, USER, PASSWORD)
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists lyng_pg_demo(id bigserial primary key, title text not null, done boolean not null)")
tx.execute("delete from lyng_pg_demo")
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"Verify PostgreSQL JDBC support",
false
)
val firstId = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys().toList()[0][0]
println("First generated id=" + firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"Review documentation",
true
)
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"This row is rolled back",
false
)
throw IllegalStateException("rollback nested")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
println("Nested transaction rolled back as expected")
}
val rows = tx.select("select id, title, done from lyng_pg_demo order by id").toList()
for (row in rows) {
println("#" + row["id"] + " " + row["title"] + " done=" + row["done"])
}
val count = tx.select("select count(*) as count from lyng_pg_demo").toList()[0]["count"]
assertEquals(2, count)
println("Visible rows after nested rollback: " + count)
}
println("OK")

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@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
import lyng.time
println("SQLite demo: typed open, generic open, result sets, generated keys, nested rollback")
// The typed helper is the simplest entry point when you know you want SQLite.
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
db.transaction { tx ->
// Keep schema creation and data changes inside one transaction block.
tx.execute("create table task(id integer primary key autoincrement, title text not null, done integer not null, due_date date not null)")
// execute(...) is for side-effect statements. Generated keys are read from
// ExecutionResult rather than from a synthetic row-returning INSERT.
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"Write a SQLite example",
false,
Date(2026, 4, 15)
)
val firstGeneratedKeys = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys()
val firstId = firstGeneratedKeys.toList()[0][0]
assertEquals(1, firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"Review the DB API",
true,
Date(2026, 4, 16)
)
// Nested transactions are real savepoints. If the inner block fails,
// only the nested work is rolled back.
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"This row is rolled back",
false,
Date(2026, 4, 17)
)
throw IllegalStateException("demonstrate nested rollback")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
println("Nested transaction rolled back as expected")
}
// select(...) is for row-producing statements. ResultSet exposes metadata,
// cheap emptiness checks, iteration, and conversion to a plain list.
val tasks = tx.select("select id, title, done, due_date from task order by id")
assertEquals(false, tasks.isEmpty())
assertEquals(2, tasks.size())
println("Columns:")
for (column in tasks.columns) {
println(" " + column.name + " -> " + column.sqlType + " (native " + column.nativeType + ")")
}
val taskRows = tasks.toList()
println("Rows:")
for (row in taskRows) {
// Name lookups are case-insensitive and values are already converted.
println(" #" + row["ID"] + " " + row["title"] + " done=" + row["done"] + " due=" + row["due_date"])
}
// toList() materializes detached rows that stay usable after transaction close.
val snapshot = tx.select("select title, due_date from task order by id").toList()
assertEquals("Write a SQLite example", snapshot[0]["title"])
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 16), snapshot[1]["due_date"])
val count = tx.select("select count(*) as count from task").toList()[0]["count"]
assertEquals(2, count)
println("Visible rows after nested rollback: $count")
}
// The generic entry point stays useful for config-driven code.
val genericDb = openDatabase(
"sqlite::memory:",{ foreignKeys: true, busyTimeoutMillis: 1000 }
)
val answer = genericDb.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
println("Generic openDatabase(...) also works: answer=$answer")
println("OK")

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@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val port = 8092
val N = 5
val server = Net.tcpListen(port, host)
println("start tcp server at $host:$port")
fun serveClient(client: TcpSocket) = launch {
try {
while (true) {
val data = client.read()
if (data == null) break
var line = (data as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
line = "[" + client.remoteAddress() + "]> " + line
println(line)
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [reader]: " + e)
}
}
fun serveRequests(server: TcpServer) = launch {
val readers = []
try {
for (i in 0..<5) {
val client = server.accept()
println("accept new connection: " + client.remoteAddress())
readers.add(serveClient(client as TcpSocket))
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [listener]: " + e)
} finally {
server.close()
}
for (i in 0..<readers.size) {
val reader = readers[i]
(reader as Deferred).await()
}
}
val srv = serveRequests(server as TcpServer)
var clients = []
for (i in 0..<N) {
//delay(500)
clients.add(launch {
try{
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping1ping2ping3ping4ping5")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [client]: " + e)
}
})
}
for (i in 0..<clients.size) {
val c = clients[i]
(c as Deferred).await()
println("client done")
}
srv.await()
delay(10000)
println("FIN")

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@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val clientCount = 1000
val clientWindow = 128
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, host, clientWindow, true)
val port = server.localAddress().port
fun payloadFor(index: Int) = "$index:${Random.nextInt()}:${Random.nextInt()}"
val serverJob = launch {
try {
while (true) {
val client = server.accept()
launch {
try {
client.readLine()?.let { source ->
client.writeUtf8("pong: $source\n")
client.flush()
}
} finally {
client.close()
}
}
}
} catch (e) {
if (server.isOpen()) {
throw e
}
} finally {
if (server.isOpen()) {
server.close()
}
}
}
var completed = 0
for (batchStart in 0..<clientCount step clientWindow) {
val batchEnd = if (batchStart + clientWindow < clientCount) batchStart + clientWindow else clientCount
val replies = (batchStart..<batchEnd).map { index ->
val payload = payloadFor(index)
launch {
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port) as TcpSocket
try {
socket.writeUtf8(payload + "\n")
socket.flush()
val reply = socket.readLine()
assertEquals("pong: $payload", reply)
} finally {
socket.close()
}
}
}.joinAll()
completed += replies.size
}
assertEquals(clientCount, completed)
server.close()
serverJob.await()
println("OK: $clientCount concurrent tcp clients")

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@ -1,822 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env lyng
/*
* Lyng Console Tetris (interactive sample)
*
* Controls:
* - Left/Right arrows or A/D: move
* - Up arrow or W: rotate
* - Down arrow or S: soft drop
* - Space: hard drop
* - P or Escape: pause
* - Q: quit
Tsted to score:
sergeych@sergeych-XPS-17-9720:~$ ~/dev/lyng/examples/tetris_console.lyng
Bye.
Score: 435480
Lines: 271
Level: 28
Ssergeych@sergeych-XPS-17-9720:~$
*/
import lyng.io.console
import lyng.io.fs
val MIN_COLS = 56
val MIN_ROWS = 24
val PANEL_WIDTH = 24
val BOARD_MARGIN_ROWS = 5
val BOARD_MIN_W = 10
val BOARD_MAX_W = 16
val BOARD_MIN_H = 16
val BOARD_MAX_H = 28
val LEVEL_LINES_STEP = 10
val DROP_FRAMES_BASE = 15
val DROP_FRAMES_MIN = 3
val FRAME_DELAY_MS = 35
val RESIZE_WAIT_MS = 250
val MAX_PENDING_INPUTS = 64
val ROTATION_KICKS = [0, -1, 1, -2, 2]
val ANSI_ESC = "\u001b["
val ANSI_RESET = ANSI_ESC + "0m"
val ERROR_LOG_PATH = "/tmp/lyng_tetris_errors.log"
val UNICODE_BLOCK = "██"
val UNICODE_TOP_LEFT = "┌"
val UNICODE_TOP_RIGHT = "┐"
val UNICODE_BOTTOM_LEFT = "└"
val UNICODE_BOTTOM_RIGHT = "┘"
val UNICODE_HORIZONTAL = "──"
val UNICODE_VERTICAL = "│"
val UNICODE_DOT = "· "
val PIECES: List<Piece> = []
type Cell = List<Int>
type Rotation = List<Cell>
type Rotations = List<Rotation>
type Row = List<Int>
type Board = List<Row>
class Piece(val name: String, val rotations: Rotations) {}
class RotateResult(val ok: Bool, val rot: Int, val px: Int) {}
class GameState(
pieceId0: Int,
nextId0: Int,
next2Id0: Int,
px0: Int,
py0: Int,
) {
var pieceId = pieceId0
var nextId = nextId0
var next2Id = next2Id0
var rot = 0
var px = px0
var py = py0
var score = 0
var totalLines = 0
var level = 1
var running = true
var gameOver = false
var paused = false
}
class LoopFrame(val resized: Bool, val originRow: Int, val originCol: Int) {}
class InputBuffer {
private val mutex: Mutex = Mutex()
private val items: List<String> = []
fun push(value: String): Void {
mutex.withLock {
if (items.size >= MAX_PENDING_INPUTS) {
items.removeAt(0)
}
items.add(value)
}
}
fun drain(): List<String> {
val out: List<String> = []
mutex.withLock {
while (items.size > 0) {
out.add(items[0])
items.removeAt(0)
}
}
out
}
}
fun clearAndHome() {
Console.clear()
Console.home()
}
fun logError(message: String, err: Object?): Void {
try {
var details = ""
if (err != null) {
try {
details = ": " + err
} catch (_: Object) {
details = ": <error-format-failed>"
}
}
Path(ERROR_LOG_PATH).appendUtf8(message + details + "\n")
} catch (_: Object) {
// Never let logging errors affect gameplay.
}
}
fun repeatText(s: String, n: Int): String {
var out: String = ""
for (i in 0..<n) {
out += s
}
out
}
fun max<T>(a: T, b: T): T = if (a > b) a else b
fun emptyRow(width: Int): Row {
val r: Row = []
for (x in 0..<width) {
r.add(0)
}
r
}
fun createBoard(width: Int, height: Int): Board {
val b: Board = []
for (y in 0..<height) {
b.add(emptyRow(width))
}
b
}
fun colorize(text: String, sgr: String, useColor: Bool): String {
if (!useColor) return text
ANSI_ESC + sgr + "m" + text + ANSI_RESET
}
fun blockText(pieceId: Int, useColor: Bool): String {
if (pieceId <= 0) return " "
val sgr = when (pieceId) {
1 -> "36" // I
2 -> "33" // O
3 -> "35" // T
4 -> "32" // S
5 -> "31" // Z
6 -> "34" // J
7 -> "93" // L
else -> "37"
}
colorize(UNICODE_BLOCK, sgr, useColor)
}
fun emptyCellText(useColor: Bool): String {
colorize(UNICODE_DOT, "90", useColor)
}
fun canPlace(board: Board, boardW: Int, boardH: Int, pieceId: Int, rot: Int, px: Int, py: Int): Bool {
try {
if (pieceId < 1 || pieceId > 7) return false
val piece: Piece = PIECES[pieceId - 1]
if (rot < 0 || rot >= piece.rotations.size) return false
val cells = piece.rotations[rot]
for (cell in cells) {
val x = px + cell[0]
val y = py + cell[1]
if (x < 0 || x >= boardW) return false
if (y >= boardH) return false
if (y >= 0) {
if (y >= board.size) return false
val row = board[y]
if (row == null) return false
if (row[x] != 0) return false
}
}
true
} catch (_: Object) {
false
}
}
fun lockPiece(board: Board, pieceId: Int, rot: Int, px: Int, py: Int): Void {
val piece: Piece = PIECES[pieceId - 1]
val cells = piece.rotations[rot]
for (cell in cells) {
val x = px + cell[0]
val y = py + cell[1]
if (y >= 0 && y < board.size) {
val row = board[y]
if (row != null) {
row[x] = pieceId
}
}
}
}
fun clearCompletedLines(board: Board, boardW: Int, boardH: Int): Int {
val b = board
var y = boardH - 1
var cleared = 0
while (y >= 0) {
if (y >= b.size) {
y--
continue
}
val row = b[y]
if (row == null) {
b.removeAt(y)
b.insertAt(0, emptyRow(boardW))
cleared++
continue
}
var full = true
for (x in 0..<boardW) {
if (row[x] == 0) {
full = false
break
}
}
if (full) {
b.removeAt(y)
b.insertAt(0, emptyRow(boardW))
cleared++
} else {
y--
}
}
cleared
}
fun activeCellId(pieceId: Int, rot: Int, px: Int, py: Int, x: Int, y: Int): Int {
val piece: Piece = PIECES[pieceId - 1]
val cells = piece.rotations[rot]
for (cell in cells) {
val ax = px + cell[0]
val ay = py + cell[1]
if (ax == x && ay == y) return pieceId
}
0
}
fun tryRotateCw(board: Board, boardW: Int, boardH: Int, pieceId: Int, rot: Int, px: Int, py: Int): RotateResult {
val piece: Piece = PIECES[pieceId - 1]
val rotations = piece.rotations.size
val nr = (rot + 1) % rotations
for (kx in ROTATION_KICKS) {
val nx = px + kx
if (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, pieceId, nr, nx, py) == true) {
return RotateResult(true, nr, nx)
}
}
RotateResult(false, rot, px)
}
fun nextPreviewLines(pieceId: Int, useColor: Bool): List<String> {
val out: List<String> = []
if (pieceId <= 0) {
for (i in 0..<4) {
out.add(" ")
}
return out
}
val piece: Piece = PIECES[pieceId - 1]
val cells = piece.rotations[0]
for (y in 0..<4) {
var line = ""
for (x in 0..<4) {
var filled = false
for (cell in cells) {
if (cell[0] == x && cell[1] == y) {
filled = true
break
}
}
line += if (filled) blockText(pieceId, useColor) else " "
}
out.add(line)
}
out
}
fun render(
state: GameState,
board: Board,
boardW: Int,
boardH: Int,
prevFrameLines: List<String>,
originRow: Int,
originCol: Int,
useColor: Bool,
): List<String> {
val bottomBorder = UNICODE_BOTTOM_LEFT + repeatText(UNICODE_HORIZONTAL, boardW) + UNICODE_BOTTOM_RIGHT
val panel: List<String> = []
val nextPiece: Piece = PIECES[state.nextId - 1]
val next2Piece: Piece = PIECES[state.next2Id - 1]
val nextName = nextPiece.name
val next2Name = next2Piece.name
val preview = nextPreviewLines(state.nextId, useColor)
panel.add("Lyng Tetris")
panel.add("")
panel.add("Score: " + state.score)
panel.add("Lines: " + state.totalLines)
panel.add("Level: " + state.level)
panel.add("")
panel.add("Next: " + nextName)
panel.add("")
for (pl in preview) panel.add(pl)
panel.add("After: " + next2Name)
panel.add("")
panel.add("Keys:")
panel.add("A/D or arrows")
panel.add("W/Up: rotate")
panel.add("S/Down: drop")
panel.add("Space: hard drop")
panel.add("P/Esc: pause")
panel.add("Q: quit")
val frameLines: List<String> = []
for (y in 0..<boardH) {
var line = UNICODE_VERTICAL
for (x in 0..<boardW) {
val a = activeCellId(state.pieceId, state.rot, state.px, state.py, x, y)
val row = if (y < board.size) board[y] else null
val b = if (row == null) 0 else row[x]
val id = if (a > 0) a else b
line += if (id > 0) blockText(id, useColor) else emptyCellText(useColor)
}
line += UNICODE_VERTICAL
if (y < panel.size) {
line += " " + panel[y]
}
frameLines.add(line)
}
frameLines.add(bottomBorder)
for (i in 0..<frameLines.size) {
val line = frameLines[i]
val old = if (i < prevFrameLines.size) prevFrameLines[i] else null
if (old != line) {
Console.moveTo(originRow + i, originCol)
Console.clearLine()
Console.write(line)
}
}
frameLines
}
fun fitLine(line: String, width: Int): String {
val maxLen = if (width > 0) width else 0
if (maxLen <= 0) return ""
if (line.size >= maxLen) return line[..<maxLen]
line + repeatText(" ", maxLen - line.size)
}
fun renderPauseOverlay(
originRow: Int,
originCol: Int,
boardW: Int,
boardH: Int,
): Void {
val contentWidth = boardW * 2 + 2 + 3 + PANEL_WIDTH
val contentHeight = boardH + 1
val lines: List<String> = []
lines.add("PAUSED")
lines.add("")
lines.add("Any key: continue game")
lines.add("Esc: exit game")
lines.add("")
lines.add("Move: A/D or arrows")
lines.add("Rotate: W or Up")
lines.add("Drop: S/Down, Space hard drop")
var innerWidth = 0
for (line in lines) {
if (line.size > innerWidth) innerWidth = line.size
}
innerWidth += 4
val maxInner = max(12, contentWidth - 2)
if (innerWidth > maxInner) innerWidth = maxInner
if (innerWidth % 2 != 0) innerWidth--
val boxWidth = innerWidth + 2
val boxHeight = lines.size + 2
val left = originCol + max(0, (contentWidth - boxWidth) / 2)
val top = originRow + max(0, (contentHeight - boxHeight) / 2)
val topBorder = UNICODE_TOP_LEFT + repeatText(UNICODE_HORIZONTAL, innerWidth / 2) + UNICODE_TOP_RIGHT
val bottomBorder = UNICODE_BOTTOM_LEFT + repeatText(UNICODE_HORIZONTAL, innerWidth / 2) + UNICODE_BOTTOM_RIGHT
Console.moveTo(top, left)
Console.write(topBorder)
for (i in 0..<lines.size) {
Console.moveTo(top + 1 + i, left)
Console.write(UNICODE_VERTICAL + fitLine(" " + lines[i], innerWidth) + UNICODE_VERTICAL)
}
Console.moveTo(top + boxHeight - 1, left)
Console.write(bottomBorder)
}
fun waitForMinimumSize(minCols: Int, minRows: Int): Object {
while (true) {
val g = Console.geometry()
val cols = g?.columns ?: 0
val rows = g?.rows ?: 0
if (cols >= minCols && rows >= minRows) return g
clearAndHome()
val lines: List<String> = []
lines.add("Lyng Tetris needs at least %sx%s terminal size."(minCols, minRows))
lines.add("Current: %sx%s"(cols, rows))
lines.add("Resize the console window to continue.")
val visibleLines = if (rows < lines.size) rows else lines.size
if (visibleLines > 0) {
val startRow = max(1, ((rows - visibleLines) / 2) + 1)
for (i in 0..<visibleLines) {
val line = lines[i]
val startCol = max(1, ((cols - line.size) / 2) + 1)
Console.moveTo(startRow + i, startCol)
Console.clearLine()
Console.write(line)
}
Console.flush()
}
delay(RESIZE_WAIT_MS)
}
}
fun scoreForLines(cleared: Int, level: Int): Int {
when (cleared) {
1 -> 100 * level
2 -> 300 * level
3 -> 500 * level
4 -> 800 * level
else -> 0
}
}
// Classic 7 tetrominoes, minimal rotations per piece.
fun cell(x: Int, y: Int): Cell { [x, y] }
fun rot(a: Cell, b: Cell, c: Cell, d: Cell): Rotation {
val r: Rotation = []
r.add(a)
r.add(b)
r.add(c)
r.add(d)
r
}
val iRots: Rotations = []
iRots.add(rot(cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(3,1)))
iRots.add(rot(cell(2,0), cell(2,1), cell(2,2), cell(2,3)))
PIECES.add(Piece("I", iRots))
val oRots: Rotations = []
oRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(2,0), cell(1,1), cell(2,1)))
PIECES.add(Piece("O", oRots))
val tRots: Rotations = []
tRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1)))
tRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(1,2)))
tRots.add(rot(cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(1,2)))
tRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(1,2)))
PIECES.add(Piece("T", tRots))
val sRots: Rotations = []
sRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(2,0), cell(0,1), cell(1,1)))
sRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(2,2)))
PIECES.add(Piece("S", sRots))
val zRots: Rotations = []
zRots.add(rot(cell(0,0), cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(2,1)))
zRots.add(rot(cell(2,0), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(1,2)))
PIECES.add(Piece("Z", zRots))
val jRots: Rotations = []
jRots.add(rot(cell(0,0), cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1)))
jRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(2,0), cell(1,1), cell(1,2)))
jRots.add(rot(cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(2,2)))
jRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(0,2), cell(1,2)))
PIECES.add(Piece("J", jRots))
val lRots: Rotations = []
lRots.add(rot(cell(2,0), cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1)))
lRots.add(rot(cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(1,2), cell(2,2)))
lRots.add(rot(cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(0,2)))
lRots.add(rot(cell(0,0), cell(1,0), cell(1,1), cell(1,2)))
PIECES.add(Piece("L", lRots))
if (!Console.isSupported()) {
println("Console API is not supported in this runtime.")
void
} else if (!Console.isTty()) {
println("This sample needs an interactive terminal (TTY).")
void
} else {
waitForMinimumSize(MIN_COLS, MIN_ROWS)
val g0 = Console.geometry()
val cols = g0?.columns ?: MIN_COLS
val rows = g0?.rows ?: MIN_ROWS
val boardW = clamp((cols - PANEL_WIDTH) / 2, BOARD_MIN_W..BOARD_MAX_W)
val boardH = clamp(rows - BOARD_MARGIN_ROWS, BOARD_MIN_H..BOARD_MAX_H)
val board: Board = createBoard(boardW, boardH)
fun nextPieceId() {
Random.next(1..7)
}
val state: GameState = GameState(
nextPieceId(),
nextPieceId(),
nextPieceId(),
(boardW / 2) - 2,
-1,
)
var prevFrameLines: List<String> = []
var forceRedraw = false
val inputBuffer: InputBuffer = InputBuffer()
val rawModeEnabled = Console.setRawMode(true)
if (!rawModeEnabled) {
println("Raw keyboard mode is not available in this terminal/runtime.")
println("Use jlyng in an interactive terminal with raw input support.")
void
} else {
val useColor = Console.ansiLevel() != ConsoleAnsiLevel.NONE
Console.enterAltScreen()
Console.setCursorVisible(false)
clearAndHome()
fun resetActivePiece(s: GameState): Void {
s.pieceId = nextPieceId()
s.rot = 0
s.px = (boardW / 2) - 2
s.py = -1
}
fun applyKeyInput(s: GameState, key: String): Void {
try {
if (key == "__CTRL_C__") {
s.running = false
}
else if (s.paused) {
if (key == "Escape") {
s.running = false
} else {
s.paused = false
forceRedraw = true
}
}
else if (key == "p" || key == "P" || key == "Escape") {
s.paused = true
forceRedraw = true
}
else if (key == "q" || key == "Q") {
s.running = false
}
else if (key == "ArrowLeft" || key == "a" || key == "A") {
if (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px - 1, s.py) == true) s.px--
}
else if (key == "ArrowRight" || key == "d" || key == "D") {
if (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px + 1, s.py) == true) s.px++
}
else if (key == "ArrowUp" || key == "w" || key == "W") {
val rr: RotateResult = tryRotateCw(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py)
if (rr.ok) {
s.rot = rr.rot
s.px = rr.px
}
}
else if (key == "ArrowDown" || key == "s" || key == "S") {
if (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py + 1) == true) {
s.py++
s.score++
}
}
else if (key == " ") {
while (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py + 1) == true) {
s.py++
s.score += 2
}
}
} catch (inputErr: Object) {
logError("applyKeyInput recovered after error", inputErr)
resetActivePiece(s)
}
}
var inputRunning = true
launch {
while (inputRunning) {
try {
for (ev in Console.events()) {
if (!inputRunning) break
// Isolate per-event failures so one bad event does not unwind the stream.
try {
if (ev is ConsoleKeyEvent) {
val ke = ev as ConsoleKeyEvent
if (ke.type == ConsoleEventType.KEY_DOWN) {
var key = ""
var ctrl = false
try {
key = ke.key
} catch (keyErr: Object) {
logError("Input key read error", keyErr)
}
try {
ctrl = ke.ctrl == true
} catch (_: Object) {
ctrl = false
}
if (key == "") {
logError("Dropped key event with empty/null key", null)
continue
}
val mapped = if (ctrl && (key == "c" || key == "C")) "__CTRL_C__" else key
inputBuffer.push(mapped)
}
}
} catch (eventErr: Object) {
// Keep the input stream alive; report for diagnostics.
logError("Input event error", eventErr)
}
}
} catch (err: Object) {
// Recover stream-level failures by recreating event stream in next loop turn.
if (!inputRunning) break
logError("Input stream recovered after error", err)
Console.setRawMode(true)
delay(50)
}
}
}
fun pollLoopFrame(): LoopFrame? {
val g = Console.geometry()
val c = g?.columns ?: 0
val r = g?.rows ?: 0
if (c < MIN_COLS || r < MIN_ROWS) {
waitForMinimumSize(MIN_COLS, MIN_ROWS)
clearAndHome()
prevFrameLines = []
return null
}
val contentCols = boardW * 2 + 2 + 3 + PANEL_WIDTH
val contentRows = boardH + 1
val requiredCols = max(MIN_COLS, contentCols)
val requiredRows = max(MIN_ROWS, contentRows)
if (c < requiredCols || r < requiredRows) {
waitForMinimumSize(requiredCols, requiredRows)
clearAndHome()
prevFrameLines = []
return null
}
val originCol = max(1, ((c - contentCols) / 2) + 1)
val originRow = max(1, ((r - contentRows) / 2) + 1)
LoopFrame(false, originRow, originCol)
}
fun advanceGravity(s: GameState, frame: Int): Int {
s.level = 1 + (s.totalLines / LEVEL_LINES_STEP)
val dropEvery = max(DROP_FRAMES_MIN, DROP_FRAMES_BASE - s.level)
var nextFrame = frame + 1
if (nextFrame < dropEvery) return nextFrame
nextFrame = 0
if (canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py + 1) == true) {
s.py++
return nextFrame
}
lockPiece(board, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py)
val cleared = clearCompletedLines(board, boardW, boardH)
if (cleared > 0) {
s.totalLines += cleared
s.score += scoreForLines(cleared, s.level)
}
s.pieceId = s.nextId
s.nextId = s.next2Id
s.next2Id = nextPieceId()
s.rot = 0
s.px = (boardW / 2) - 2
s.py = -1
if (!canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, s.pieceId, s.rot, s.px, s.py)) {
s.gameOver = true
}
nextFrame
}
try {
if (!canPlace(board, boardW, boardH, state.pieceId, state.rot, state.px, state.py)) {
state.gameOver = true
}
var frame = 0
var shouldStop = false
var prevOriginRow = -1
var prevOriginCol = -1
var prevPaused = false
while (!shouldStop) {
val frameData = pollLoopFrame()
if (frameData == null) {
frame = 0
prevPaused = false
continue
}
val toApply = inputBuffer.drain()
if (toApply.size > 0) {
for (k in toApply) {
applyKeyInput(state, k)
if (!state.running || state.gameOver) break
}
}
if (!state.running || state.gameOver) {
shouldStop = true
} else {
val localForceRedraw = forceRedraw
forceRedraw = false
val movedOrigin = frameData.originRow != prevOriginRow || frameData.originCol != prevOriginCol
if (frameData.resized || movedOrigin || localForceRedraw) {
clearAndHome()
prevFrameLines = []
}
prevOriginRow = frameData.originRow
prevOriginCol = frameData.originCol
if (!state.paused) {
frame = advanceGravity(state, frame)
}
prevFrameLines = render(
state,
board,
boardW,
boardH,
prevFrameLines,
frameData.originRow,
frameData.originCol,
useColor
)
if (state.paused && (!prevPaused || frameData.resized || movedOrigin)) {
renderPauseOverlay(frameData.originRow, frameData.originCol, boardW, boardH)
}
prevPaused = state.paused
}
Console.flush()
delay(FRAME_DELAY_MS)
}
} finally {
inputRunning = false
Console.setRawMode(false)
Console.setCursorVisible(true)
Console.leaveAltScreen()
Console.flush()
}
if (state.gameOver) {
println("Game over.")
} else {
println("Bye.")
}
println("Score: %s"(state.score))
println("Lines: %s"(state.totalLines))
println("Level: %s"(state.level))
}
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#
# Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
# Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
#
#Gradle
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dkotlin.daemon.jvm.options\="-Xmx2048M"
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dkotlin.daemon.jvm.options\="-Xmx2048M"
org.gradle.caching=true
org.gradle.configuration-cache=true
#Kotlin
@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ kotlin.mpp.enableCInteropCommonization=true
android.useAndroidX=true
android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
# other
kotlin.native.cacheKind.linuxX64=none
# Workaround: Ensure Gradle uses a JDK with `jlink` available for AGP's JDK image transform.
# On this environment, the system JDK 21 installation lacks `jlink`, causing
# :lynglib:androidJdkImage to fail. Point Gradle to a JDK that includes `jlink`.
@ -34,6 +37,4 @@ android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
#org.gradle.java.home=/home/sergeych/.jdks/corretto-21.0.9
android.experimental.lint.migrateToK2=false
android.lint.useK2Uast=false
kotlin.mpp.applyDefaultHierarchyTemplate=false
org.gradle.parallel=true
kotlin.mpp.applyDefaultHierarchyTemplate=true

View File

@ -1,61 +1,31 @@
[versions]
agp = "8.5.2"
clikt = "5.0.3"
mordant = "3.0.2"
kotlin = "2.3.20"
kotlin = "2.3.0"
android-minSdk = "24"
android-compileSdk = "34"
kotlinx-coroutines = "1.10.2"
kotlinx-datetime = "0.6.1"
mp_bintools = "0.3.2"
ionspin-bignum = "0.3.10"
multik = "0.3.0"
firebaseCrashlyticsBuildtools = "3.0.3"
okioVersion = "3.10.2"
compiler = "3.2.0-alpha11"
ktor = "3.3.1"
slf4j = "2.0.17"
sqlite-jdbc = "3.50.3.0"
h2 = "2.4.240"
postgresql = "42.7.8"
testcontainers = "1.20.6"
hikaricp = "6.2.1"
[libraries]
clikt = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt", version.ref = "clikt" }
clikt-core = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt-core", version.ref = "clikt" }
clikt-markdown = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt-markdown", version.ref = "clikt" }
mordant-core = { module = "com.github.ajalt.mordant:mordant-core", version.ref = "mordant" }
mordant-jvm-jna = { module = "com.github.ajalt.mordant:mordant-jvm-jna", version.ref = "mordant" }
kotlin-test = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test", version.ref = "kotlin" }
kotlinx-coroutines-test = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test", version.ref = "kotlinx-coroutines" }
kotlinx-coroutines-core = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core", version.ref = "kotlinx-coroutines" }
kotlinx-datetime = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-datetime", version.ref = "kotlinx-datetime" }
mp_bintools = { module = "net.sergeych:mp_bintools", version.ref = "mp_bintools" }
ionspin-bignum = { module = "com.ionspin.kotlin:bignum", version.ref = "ionspin-bignum" }
multik-default = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:multik-default", version.ref = "multik" }
firebase-crashlytics-buildtools = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-crashlytics-buildtools", version.ref = "firebaseCrashlyticsBuildtools" }
okio = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
okio-fakefilesystem = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio-fakefilesystem", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
okio-nodefilesystem = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio-nodefilesystem", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
compiler = { group = "androidx.databinding", name = "compiler", version.ref = "compiler" }
ktor-client-core = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-core", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-cio = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-cio", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-curl = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-curl", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-darwin = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-darwin", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-js = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-js", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-winhttp = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-winhttp", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-websockets = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-websockets", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-network = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-network", version.ref = "ktor" }
slf4j-nop = { module = "org.slf4j:slf4j-nop", version.ref = "slf4j" }
sqlite-jdbc = { module = "org.xerial:sqlite-jdbc", version.ref = "sqlite-jdbc" }
h2 = { module = "com.h2database:h2", version.ref = "h2" }
postgresql = { module = "org.postgresql:postgresql", version.ref = "postgresql" }
testcontainers = { module = "org.testcontainers:testcontainers", version.ref = "testcontainers" }
testcontainers-postgresql = { module = "org.testcontainers:postgresql", version.ref = "testcontainers" }
hikaricp = { module = "com.zaxxer:HikariCP", version.ref = "hikaricp" }
[plugins]
androidLibrary = { id = "com.android.library", version.ref = "agp" }
kotlinMultiplatform = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform", version.ref = "kotlin" }
vanniktech-mavenPublish = { id = "com.vanniktech.maven.publish", version = "0.29.0" }
vanniktech-mavenPublish = { id = "com.vanniktech.maven.publish", version = "0.29.0" }

View File

@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import com.intellij.execution.ui.ConsoleViewContentType
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnAction
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnActionEvent
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.CommonDataKeys
import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager
import com.intellij.openapi.fileEditor.FileDocumentManager
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project
import com.intellij.openapi.wm.ToolWindow
import com.intellij.openapi.wm.ToolWindowAnchor
@ -37,11 +35,15 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import net.sergeych.lyng.ExecutionError
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngIcons
import java.io.File
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjVoid
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.getLyngExceptionMessageWithStackTrace
class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO + SupervisorJob())
private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default + SupervisorJob())
private fun getPsiFile(e: AnActionEvent): PsiFile? {
val project = e.project ?: return null
@ -51,99 +53,66 @@ class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
}
}
private fun getRunnableFile(e: AnActionEvent): PsiFile? {
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e) ?: return null
val virtualFile = psiFile.virtualFile ?: return null
if (!virtualFile.isInLocalFileSystem) return null
if (!psiFile.name.endsWith(".lyng")) return null
return psiFile
}
override fun update(e: AnActionEvent) {
val psiFile = getRunnableFile(e)
val isRunnable = psiFile != null
e.presentation.isEnabledAndVisible = isRunnable
if (isRunnable) {
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e)
val isLyng = psiFile?.name?.endsWith(".lyng") == true
e.presentation.isEnabledAndVisible = isLyng
if (isLyng) {
e.presentation.text = "Run '${psiFile.name}'"
e.presentation.description = "Run the current Lyng script using the Lyng CLI"
} else {
e.presentation.text = "Run Lyng Script"
e.presentation.description = "Run the current Lyng script"
}
}
override fun actionPerformed(e: AnActionEvent) {
val project = e.project ?: return
val psiFile = getRunnableFile(e) ?: return
val virtualFile = psiFile.virtualFile ?: return
FileDocumentManager.getInstance().getDocument(virtualFile)?.let { document ->
FileDocumentManager.getInstance().saveDocument(document)
}
val filePath = virtualFile.path
val workingDir = virtualFile.parent?.path ?: project.basePath ?: File(filePath).parent
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e) ?: return
val text = psiFile.text
val fileName = psiFile.name
val (console, toolWindow) = getConsoleAndToolWindow(project)
console.clear()
toolWindow.show {
scope.launch {
val command = startLyngProcess(filePath, workingDir)
if (command == null) {
printToConsole(console, "Unable to start Lyng CLI.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
printToConsole(console, "Tried commands: lyng, jlyng.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
printToConsole(console, "Install `lyng` or `jlyng` and make sure it is available on PATH.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
return@launch
try {
val lyngScope = Script.newScope()
lyngScope.addFn("print") {
val sb = StringBuilder()
for ((i, arg) in args.list.withIndex()) {
if (i > 0) sb.append(" ")
sb.append(arg.toString(this).value)
}
console.print(sb.toString(), ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
ObjVoid
}
lyngScope.addFn("println") {
val sb = StringBuilder()
for ((i, arg) in args.list.withIndex()) {
if (i > 0) sb.append(" ")
sb.append(arg.toString(this).value)
}
console.print(sb.toString() + "\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
ObjVoid
}
console.print("--- Running $fileName ---\n", ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT)
val result = lyngScope.eval(Source(fileName, text))
console.print("\n--- Finished with result: ${result.inspect(lyngScope)} ---\n", ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT)
} catch (t: Throwable) {
console.print("\n--- Error ---\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
if( t is ExecutionError ) {
val m = t.errorObject.getLyngExceptionMessageWithStackTrace()
console.print(m, ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
}
else
console.print(t.message ?: t.toString(), ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
console.print("\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
}
printToConsole(
console,
"Running ${command.commandLine} in ${command.workingDir}\n",
ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT
)
streamProcess(command.process, console)
val exitCode = command.process.waitFor()
val outputType = if (exitCode == 0) ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT else ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT
printToConsole(console, "\nProcess finished with exit code $exitCode\n", outputType)
}
}
}
private suspend fun streamProcess(process: Process, console: ConsoleView) {
val stdout = scope.launch {
process.inputStream.bufferedReader().useLines { lines ->
lines.forEach { printToConsole(console, "$it\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT) }
}
}
val stderr = scope.launch {
process.errorStream.bufferedReader().useLines { lines ->
lines.forEach { printToConsole(console, "$it\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT) }
}
}
stdout.join()
stderr.join()
}
private fun printToConsole(console: ConsoleView, text: String, type: ConsoleViewContentType) {
ApplicationManager.getApplication().invokeLater {
console.print(text, type)
}
}
private fun startLyngProcess(filePath: String, workingDir: String?): StartedProcess? {
val candidates = listOf("lyng", "jlyng")
for (candidate in candidates) {
try {
val process = ProcessBuilder(candidate, filePath)
.directory(workingDir?.let(::File))
.start()
return StartedProcess(process, "$candidate $filePath", workingDir ?: File(filePath).parent.orEmpty())
} catch (_: java.io.IOException) {
// Try the next candidate when the command is not available.
}
}
return null
}
private fun getConsoleAndToolWindow(project: Project): Pair<ConsoleView, ToolWindow> {
val toolWindowManager = ToolWindowManager.getInstance(project)
var toolWindow = toolWindowManager.getToolWindow(ToolWindowId.RUN)
@ -172,10 +141,4 @@ class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
contentManager.setSelectedContent(content)
return console to actualToolWindow
}
private data class StartedProcess(
val process: Process,
val commandLine: String,
val workingDir: String
)
}

View File

@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ import com.intellij.openapi.progress.ProgressManager
import com.intellij.openapi.util.Key
import com.intellij.openapi.util.TextRange
import com.intellij.psi.PsiFile
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.binding.Binder
import net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.HighlightKind
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.SimpleLyngHighlighter
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.offsetOf
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.highlight.LyngHighlighterColors
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngAstManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngDiagnosticSeverity
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngSemanticKind
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
/**
* ExternalAnnotator that runs Lyng MiniAst on the document text in background
@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
data class Input(val text: String, val modStamp: Long, val previousSpans: List<Span>?, val file: PsiFile)
data class Span(val start: Int, val end: Int, val key: com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey)
data class Diag(val start: Int, val end: Int, val message: String, val severity: HighlightSeverity)
data class Result(val modStamp: Long, val spans: List<Span>, val diagnostics: List<Diag> = emptyList())
data class Error(val start: Int, val end: Int, val message: String)
data class Result(val modStamp: Long, val spans: List<Span>, val error: Error? = null)
override fun collectInformation(file: PsiFile): Input? {
val doc: Document = file.viewProvider.document ?: return null
@ -57,48 +59,224 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
if (collectedInfo == null) return null
ProgressManager.checkCanceled()
val text = collectedInfo.text
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(collectedInfo.file)
val tokens = try { SimpleLyngHighlighter().highlight(text) } catch (_: Throwable) { emptyList() }
// Use LyngAstManager to get the (potentially merged) Mini-AST
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(collectedInfo.file)
?: return Result(collectedInfo.modStamp, collectedInfo.previousSpans ?: emptyList())
val mini = analysis.mini
ProgressManager.checkCanceled()
val source = Source(collectedInfo.file.name, text)
val out = ArrayList<Span>(256)
val diags = ArrayList<Diag>()
fun isFollowedByParenOrBlock(rangeEnd: Int): Boolean {
var i = rangeEnd
while (i < text.length) {
val ch = text[i]
if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') { i++; continue }
return ch == '(' || ch == '{'
}
return false
}
fun putRange(start: Int, end: Int, key: com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey) {
if (start in 0..end && end <= text.length && start < end) out += Span(start, end, key)
}
fun keyForKind(kind: LyngSemanticKind): com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey? = when (kind) {
LyngSemanticKind.Function -> LyngHighlighterColors.FUNCTION
LyngSemanticKind.Class, LyngSemanticKind.Enum, LyngSemanticKind.TypeAlias -> LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE
LyngSemanticKind.Value -> LyngHighlighterColors.VALUE
LyngSemanticKind.Variable -> LyngHighlighterColors.VARIABLE
LyngSemanticKind.Parameter -> LyngHighlighterColors.PARAMETER
LyngSemanticKind.TypeRef -> LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE
LyngSemanticKind.EnumConstant -> LyngHighlighterColors.ENUM_CONSTANT
fun putName(startPos: net.sergeych.lyng.Pos, name: String, key: com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey) {
val s = source.offsetOf(startPos)
putRange(s, (s + name.length).coerceAtMost(text.length), key)
}
fun putMiniRange(r: MiniRange, key: com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey) {
val s = source.offsetOf(r.start)
val e = source.offsetOf(r.end)
putRange(s, e, key)
}
// Semantic highlights from shared tooling
LyngLanguageTools.semanticHighlights(analysis).forEach { span ->
keyForKind(span.kind)?.let { putRange(span.range.start, span.range.endExclusive, it) }
// Declarations
mini.declarations.forEach { d ->
if (d.nameStart.source != source) return@forEach
when (d) {
is MiniFunDecl -> putName(d.nameStart, d.name, LyngHighlighterColors.FUNCTION_DECLARATION)
is MiniClassDecl -> putName(d.nameStart, d.name, LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE)
is MiniValDecl -> putName(
d.nameStart,
d.name,
if (d.mutable) LyngHighlighterColors.VARIABLE else LyngHighlighterColors.VALUE
)
is MiniEnumDecl -> putName(d.nameStart, d.name, LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE)
}
}
// Imports: each segment as namespace/path
mini?.imports?.forEach { imp ->
imp.segments.forEach { seg ->
if (seg.range.start.source === analysis.source && seg.range.end.source === analysis.source) {
val start = analysis.source.offsetOf(seg.range.start)
val end = analysis.source.offsetOf(seg.range.end)
putRange(start, end, LyngHighlighterColors.NAMESPACE)
mini.imports.forEach { imp ->
if (imp.range.start.source != source) return@forEach
imp.segments.forEach { seg -> putMiniRange(seg.range, LyngHighlighterColors.NAMESPACE) }
}
// Parameters
fun addParams(params: List<MiniParam>) {
params.forEach { p ->
if (p.nameStart.source == source)
putName(p.nameStart, p.name, LyngHighlighterColors.PARAMETER)
}
}
mini.declarations.forEach { d ->
when (d) {
is MiniFunDecl -> addParams(d.params)
is MiniClassDecl -> d.members.filterIsInstance<MiniMemberFunDecl>().forEach { addParams(it.params) }
else -> {}
}
}
// Type name segments (including generics base & args)
fun addTypeSegments(t: MiniTypeRef?) {
when (t) {
is MiniTypeName -> t.segments.forEach { seg ->
if (seg.range.start.source != source) return@forEach
val s = source.offsetOf(seg.range.start)
putRange(s, (s + seg.name.length).coerceAtMost(text.length), LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE)
}
is MiniGenericType -> {
addTypeSegments(t.base)
t.args.forEach { addTypeSegments(it) }
}
is MiniFunctionType -> {
t.receiver?.let { addTypeSegments(it) }
t.params.forEach { addTypeSegments(it) }
addTypeSegments(t.returnType)
}
is MiniTypeVar -> { /* name is in range; could be highlighted as TYPE as well */
if (t.range.start.source == source)
putMiniRange(t.range, LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE)
}
null -> {}
}
}
fun addDeclTypeSegments(d: MiniDecl) {
if (d.nameStart.source != source) return
when (d) {
is MiniFunDecl -> {
addTypeSegments(d.returnType)
d.params.forEach { addTypeSegments(it.type) }
addTypeSegments(d.receiver)
}
is MiniValDecl -> {
addTypeSegments(d.type)
addTypeSegments(d.receiver)
}
is MiniClassDecl -> {
d.ctorFields.forEach { addTypeSegments(it.type) }
d.classFields.forEach { addTypeSegments(it.type) }
for (m in d.members) {
when (m) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> {
addTypeSegments(m.returnType)
m.params.forEach { addTypeSegments(it.type) }
}
is MiniMemberValDecl -> {
addTypeSegments(m.type)
}
else -> {}
}
}
}
is MiniEnumDecl -> {}
}
}
mini.declarations.forEach { d -> addDeclTypeSegments(d) }
ProgressManager.checkCanceled()
// Semantic usages via Binder (best-effort)
try {
val binding = Binder.bind(text, mini)
// Map declaration ranges to avoid duplicating them as usages
val declKeys = HashSet<Pair<Int, Int>>(binding.symbols.size * 2)
binding.symbols.forEach { sym -> declKeys += (sym.declStart to sym.declEnd) }
fun keyForKind(k: SymbolKind) = when (k) {
SymbolKind.Function -> LyngHighlighterColors.FUNCTION
SymbolKind.Class, SymbolKind.Enum -> LyngHighlighterColors.TYPE
SymbolKind.Parameter -> LyngHighlighterColors.PARAMETER
SymbolKind.Value -> LyngHighlighterColors.VALUE
SymbolKind.Variable -> LyngHighlighterColors.VARIABLE
}
// Track covered ranges to not override later heuristics
val covered = HashSet<Pair<Int, Int>>()
binding.references.forEach { ref ->
val key = ref.start to ref.end
if (!declKeys.contains(key)) {
val sym = binding.symbols.firstOrNull { it.id == ref.symbolId }
if (sym != null) {
val color = keyForKind(sym.kind)
putRange(ref.start, ref.end, color)
covered += key
}
}
}
// Heuristics on top of binder: function call-sites and simple name-based roles
ProgressManager.checkCanceled()
// Build simple name -> role map for top-level vals/vars and parameters
val nameRole = HashMap<String, com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.TextAttributesKey>(8)
mini.declarations.forEach { d ->
when (d) {
is MiniValDecl -> nameRole[d.name] =
if (d.mutable) LyngHighlighterColors.VARIABLE else LyngHighlighterColors.VALUE
is MiniFunDecl -> d.params.forEach { p -> nameRole[p.name] = LyngHighlighterColors.PARAMETER }
is MiniClassDecl -> {
d.members.forEach { m ->
if (m is MiniMemberFunDecl) {
m.params.forEach { p -> nameRole[p.name] = LyngHighlighterColors.PARAMETER }
}
}
}
else -> {}
}
}
tokens.forEach { s ->
if (s.kind == HighlightKind.Identifier) {
val start = s.range.start
val end = s.range.endExclusive
val key = start to end
if (key !in covered && key !in declKeys) {
// Call-site detection first so it wins over var/param role
if (isFollowedByParenOrBlock(end)) {
putRange(start, end, LyngHighlighterColors.FUNCTION)
covered += key
} else {
// Simple role by known names
val ident = try {
text.substring(start, end)
} catch (_: Throwable) {
null
}
if (ident != null) {
val roleKey = nameRole[ident]
if (roleKey != null) {
putRange(start, end, roleKey)
covered += key
}
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (e: Throwable) {
// Must rethrow cancellation; otherwise ignore binder failures (best-effort)
if (e is com.intellij.openapi.progress.ProcessCanceledException) throw e
}
// Add annotation/label coloring using token highlighter
run {
analysis.lexicalHighlights.forEach { s ->
tokens.forEach { s ->
if (s.kind == HighlightKind.Label) {
val start = s.range.start
val end = s.range.endExclusive
@ -124,7 +302,7 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
text.substring(wStart, wEnd)
} else null
if (prevWord in setOf("return", "break", "continue")) {
if (prevWord in setOf("return", "break", "continue") || isFollowedByParenOrBlock(end)) {
putRange(start, end, LyngHighlighterColors.LABEL)
} else {
putRange(start, end, LyngHighlighterColors.ANNOTATION)
@ -137,13 +315,17 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
}
}
analysis.diagnostics.forEach { d ->
val range = d.range ?: return@forEach
val severity = if (d.severity == LyngDiagnosticSeverity.Warning) HighlightSeverity.WARNING else HighlightSeverity.ERROR
diags += Diag(range.start, range.endExclusive, d.message, severity)
tokens.forEach { s ->
if (s.kind == HighlightKind.EnumConstant) {
val start = s.range.start
val end = s.range.endExclusive
if (start in 0..end && end <= text.length && start < end) {
putRange(start, end, LyngHighlighterColors.ENUM_CONSTANT)
}
}
}
return Result(collectedInfo.modStamp, out, diags)
return Result(collectedInfo.modStamp, out, null)
}
@ -164,12 +346,13 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
.create()
}
// Show errors and warnings
result.diagnostics.forEach { d ->
val start = d.start.coerceIn(0, (doc?.textLength ?: 0))
val end = d.end.coerceIn(start, (doc?.textLength ?: start))
// Show syntax error if present
val err = result.error
if (err != null) {
val start = err.start.coerceIn(0, (doc?.textLength ?: 0))
val end = err.end.coerceIn(start, (doc?.textLength ?: start))
if (end > start) {
holder.newAnnotation(d.severity, d.message)
holder.newAnnotation(HighlightSeverity.ERROR, err.message)
.range(TextRange(start, end))
.create()
}
@ -190,5 +373,30 @@ class LyngExternalAnnotator : ExternalAnnotator<LyngExternalAnnotator.Input, Lyn
return -1
}
/**
* Make the error highlight a bit wider than a single character so it is easier to see and click.
* Strategy:
* - If the offset points inside an identifier-like token (letters/digits/underscore), expand to the full token.
* - Otherwise select a small range starting at the offset with a minimum width, but not crossing the line end.
*/
private fun expandErrorRange(text: String, rawStart: Int): Pair<Int, Int> {
if (text.isEmpty()) return 0 to 0
val len = text.length
val start = rawStart.coerceIn(0, len)
fun isWord(ch: Char) = ch == '_' || ch.isLetterOrDigit()
if (start < len && isWord(text[start])) {
var s = start
var e = start
while (s > 0 && isWord(text[s - 1])) s--
while (e < len && isWord(text[e])) e++
return s to e
}
// Not inside a word: select a short, visible range up to EOL
val lineEnd = text.indexOf('\n', start).let { if (it == -1) len else it }
val minWidth = 4
val end = (start + minWidth).coerceAtMost(lineEnd).coerceAtLeast((start + 1).coerceAtMost(lineEnd))
return start to end
}
}

View File

@ -96,10 +96,9 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Completion: caret=$caret prefix='${prefix}' memberDotPos=${memberDotPos} file='${file.name}'")
}
// Build analysis (cached) for both global and member contexts to enable local class/val inference
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(file)
val mini = analysis?.mini
val binding = analysis?.binding
// Build MiniAst (cached) for both global and member contexts to enable local class/val inference
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file)
val binding = LyngAstManager.getBinding(file)
// Delegate computation to the shared engine to keep behavior in sync with tests
val engineItems = try {
@ -122,7 +121,6 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
fromText.forEach { add(it) }
add("lyng.stdlib")
}.toList()
val staticOnly = DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, memberDotPos, imported, binding)
// Try inferring return/receiver class around the dot
val inferred =
@ -137,7 +135,7 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
if (inferred != null) {
if (DEBUG_COMPLETION) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Fallback inferred receiver/return class='$inferred' — offering its members")
offerMembers(emit, imported, inferred, staticOnly = staticOnly, sourceText = text, mini = mini)
offerMembers(emit, imported, inferred, sourceText = text, mini = mini)
return
} else {
if (DEBUG_COMPLETION) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Fallback could not infer class; keeping list empty (no globals after dot)")
@ -162,8 +160,6 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Class)
Kind.Enum -> LookupElementBuilder.create(ci.name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Enum)
Kind.TypeAlias -> LookupElementBuilder.create(ci.name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Class)
Kind.Value -> LookupElementBuilder.create(ci.name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Variable)
.let { b -> if (!ci.typeText.isNullOrBlank()) b.withTypeText(ci.typeText, true) else b }
@ -296,9 +292,6 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
}
is MiniEnumDecl -> LookupElementBuilder.create(name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Enum)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> LookupElementBuilder.create(name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Class)
.withTypeText(typeOf(d.target), true)
}
emit(builder)
}
@ -376,7 +369,6 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
when (m) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> if (!m.isStatic) continue
is MiniMemberValDecl -> if (!m.isStatic) continue
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> if (!m.isStatic) continue
is MiniInitDecl -> continue
}
}
@ -466,16 +458,6 @@ class LyngCompletionContributor : CompletionContributor() {
emit(builder)
}
}
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> {
val builder = LookupElementBuilder.create(name)
.withIcon(AllIcons.Nodes.Class)
.withTypeText(typeOf(rep.target), true)
if (groupPriority != 0.0) {
emit(PrioritizedLookupElement.withPriority(builder, groupPriority))
} else {
emit(builder)
}
}
is MiniInitDecl -> {}
}
}

View File

@ -24,14 +24,11 @@ import com.intellij.openapi.editor.Editor
import com.intellij.openapi.util.TextRange
import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement
import com.intellij.psi.PsiFile
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.offsetOf
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngLanguage
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngAstManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.TextCtx
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngSymbolInfo
/**
* Quick Docs backed by MiniAst: when caret is on an identifier that corresponds
@ -69,59 +66,9 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
if (DEBUG_LOG) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] QuickDoc: ident='$ident' at ${idRange.startOffset}..${idRange.endOffset} in ${file.name}")
// 1. Get merged mini-AST from Manager (handles local + .lyng.d merged declarations)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(file) ?: return null
val mini = analysis.mini ?: return null
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: return null
val miniSource = mini.range.start.source
val imported = analysis.importedModules.ifEmpty { DocLookupUtils.canonicalImportedModules(mini, text) }
// Single-source quick doc lookup
LyngLanguageTools.docAt(analysis, offset)?.let { info ->
val enriched = if (info.doc == null) {
findDocInDeclarationFiles(file, info.target.containerName, info.target.name)
?.let { info.copy(doc = it) } ?: info
} else {
info
}
renderDocFromInfo(enriched)?.let { return it }
}
// Fallback: resolve references against merged MiniAst (including .lyng.d) when binder cannot
run {
val dotPos = DocLookupUtils.findDotLeft(text, idRange.startOffset)
if (dotPos != null) {
val receiverClass = DocLookupUtils.guessReceiverClassViaMini(mini, text, dotPos, imported, analysis.binding)
?: DocLookupUtils.guessReceiverClass(text, dotPos, imported, mini)
if (receiverClass != null) {
val resolved = DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(imported, receiverClass, ident, mini)
if (resolved != null) {
val owner = resolved.first
val member = resolved.second
val withDoc = if (member.doc == null) {
findDocInDeclarationFiles(file, owner, member.name)?.let { doc ->
when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> member.copy(doc = doc)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> member.copy(doc = doc)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> member.copy(doc = doc)
else -> member
}
} ?: member
} else {
member
}
return when (withDoc) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, withDoc)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, withDoc)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, withDoc)
else -> null
}
}
}
} else {
mini.declarations.firstOrNull { it.name == ident }?.let { decl ->
return renderDeclDoc(decl, text, mini, imported)
}
}
}
val imported = DocLookupUtils.canonicalImportedModules(mini, text)
// Try resolve to: function param at position, function/class/val declaration at position
// 1) Use unified declaration detection
@ -144,7 +91,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return when (m) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(d.name, m)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(d.name, m)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(d.name, m)
else -> null
}
}
@ -251,7 +197,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return when (m) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(cls.name, m)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(cls.name, m)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(cls.name, m)
else -> null
}
}
@ -310,7 +255,7 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
// Try literal and call-based receiver inference around the dot
val i = TextCtx.prevNonWs(text, dotPos - 1)
val className: String? = when {
i >= 0 && (text[i] == '"' || text[i] == '`') -> "String"
i >= 0 && text[i] == '"' -> "String"
i >= 0 && text[i] == ']' -> "List"
i >= 0 && text[i] == '}' -> "Dict"
i >= 0 && text[i] == ')' -> {
@ -362,19 +307,16 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
}
if (DEBUG_LOG) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] QuickDoc: memberCtx dotPos=${dotPos} chBeforeDot='${if (dotPos > 0) text[dotPos - 1] else ' '}' classGuess=${className} imports=${importedModules}")
if (className != null) {
val staticOnly = DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, dotPos, importedModules, analysis.binding)
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, className, ident, mini, staticOnly = staticOnly)?.let { (owner, member) ->
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, className, ident, mini)?.let { (owner, member) ->
if (DEBUG_INHERITANCE) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] QuickDoc: literal/call '$ident' resolved to $owner.${member.name}")
return when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, member)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
is MiniFunDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniValDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniClassDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniEnumDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
}
}
log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] QuickDoc: resolve failed for ${className}.${ident}")
@ -412,7 +354,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
// And classes/enums
docs.filterIsInstance<MiniClassDecl>().firstOrNull { it.name == ident }?.let { return renderDeclDoc(it, text, mini, imported) }
docs.filterIsInstance<MiniEnumDecl>().firstOrNull { it.name == ident }?.let { return renderDeclDoc(it, text, mini, imported) }
docs.filterIsInstance<MiniTypeAliasDecl>().firstOrNull { it.name == ident }?.let { return renderDeclDoc(it, text, mini, imported) }
}
// Defensive fallback: if nothing found and it's a well-known stdlib function, render minimal inline docs
if (ident == "println" || ident == "print") {
@ -426,20 +367,16 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
val lhs = previousWordBefore(text, idRange.startOffset)
if (lhs != null && hasDotBetween(text, lhs.endOffset, idRange.startOffset)) {
val className = text.substring(lhs.startOffset, lhs.endOffset)
val dotPos = findDotLeft(text, idRange.startOffset)
val staticOnly = dotPos?.let { DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, it, importedModules, analysis.binding) } ?: false
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, className, ident, mini, staticOnly = staticOnly)?.let { (owner, member) ->
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, className, ident, mini)?.let { (owner, member) ->
if (DEBUG_INHERITANCE) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Inheritance resolved $className.$ident to $owner.${member.name}")
return when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, member)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
is MiniFunDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniValDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniClassDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniEnumDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
}
}
} else {
@ -453,19 +390,16 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
else -> DocLookupUtils.guessClassFromCallBefore(text, dotPos, importedModules, mini)
}
if (guessed != null) {
val staticOnly = DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, dotPos, importedModules, analysis.binding)
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, guessed, ident, mini, staticOnly = staticOnly)?.let { (owner, member) ->
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, guessed, ident, mini)?.let { (owner, member) ->
if (DEBUG_INHERITANCE) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Heuristic '$guessed.$ident' resolved via inheritance to $owner.${member.name}")
return when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, member)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
is MiniFunDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniValDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniClassDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniEnumDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
}
}
} else {
@ -473,19 +407,16 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
run {
val candidates = listOf("String", "Iterable", "Iterator", "List", "Collection", "Array", "Dict", "Regex")
for (c in candidates) {
val staticOnly = DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, dotPos, importedModules, analysis.binding)
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, c, ident, mini, staticOnly = staticOnly)?.let { (owner, member) ->
DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(importedModules, c, ident, mini)?.let { (owner, member) ->
if (DEBUG_INHERITANCE) log.info("[LYNG_DEBUG] Candidate '$c.$ident' resolved via inheritance to $owner.${member.name}")
return when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, member)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
is MiniFunDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniValDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniClassDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniEnumDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
}
}
}
@ -500,7 +431,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return when (m) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc("String", m)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc("String", m)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc("String", m)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
}
}
@ -511,13 +441,11 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return when (member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> renderMemberFunDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberValDecl -> renderMemberValDoc(owner, member)
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(owner, member)
is MiniInitDecl -> null
is MiniFunDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniValDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniClassDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniEnumDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> renderDeclDoc(member, text, mini, importedModules)
}
}
}
@ -584,7 +512,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
is MiniFunDecl -> "function ${d.name}${signatureOf(d)}"
is MiniClassDecl -> "class ${d.name}"
is MiniEnumDecl -> "enum ${d.name} { ${d.entries.joinToString(", ")} }"
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> "type ${d.name}${typeAliasSuffix(d)}"
is MiniValDecl -> {
val t = d.type ?: DocLookupUtils.inferTypeRefForVal(d, text, imported, mini)
val typeStr = if (t == null) ": Object?" else typeOf(t)
@ -597,73 +524,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return sb.toString()
}
private fun renderDocFromInfo(info: LyngSymbolInfo): String? {
val kind = when (info.target.kind) {
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Function -> "function"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Class -> "class"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Enum -> "enum"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.TypeAlias -> "type"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Value -> "val"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Variable -> "var"
net.sergeych.lyng.binding.SymbolKind.Parameter -> "parameter"
}
val title = info.signature ?: "$kind ${info.target.name}"
if (title.isBlank() && info.doc == null) return null
val sb = StringBuilder()
sb.append(renderTitle(title))
sb.append(renderDocBody(info.doc))
return sb.toString()
}
private fun findDocInDeclarationFiles(file: PsiFile, container: String?, name: String): MiniDoc? {
val declFiles = LyngAstManager.getDeclarationFiles(file)
if (declFiles.isEmpty()) return null
fun findInMini(mini: MiniScript): MiniDoc? {
if (container == null) {
mini.declarations.firstOrNull { it.name == name }?.let { return it.doc }
return null
}
val cls = mini.declarations.filterIsInstance<MiniClassDecl>().firstOrNull { it.name == container } ?: return null
cls.members.firstOrNull { it.name == name }?.let { return it.doc }
cls.ctorFields.firstOrNull { it.name == name }?.let { return null }
cls.classFields.firstOrNull { it.name == name }?.let { return null }
return null
}
for (df in declFiles) {
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(df)
?: run {
try {
val res = runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(df.text, df.name)
}
res.mini
} catch (_: Throwable) {
null
}
}
if (mini != null) {
val doc = findInMini(mini)
if (doc != null) return doc
}
// Text fallback: parse preceding doc comment for the symbol
val parsed = parseDocFromText(df.text, name)
if (parsed != null) return parsed
}
return null
}
private fun parseDocFromText(text: String, name: String): MiniDoc? {
if (text.isBlank()) return null
val pattern = Regex("/\\*\\*([\\s\\S]*?)\\*/\\s*(?:public|private|protected|static|abstract|extern|open|closed|override\\s+)*\\s*(?:fun|val|var|class|interface|enum|type)\\s+$name\\b")
val m = pattern.find(text) ?: return null
val raw = m.groupValues.getOrNull(1)?.trim() ?: return null
if (raw.isBlank()) return null
val src = net.sergeych.lyng.Source("<doc>", raw)
return MiniDoc.parse(MiniRange(src.startPos, src.startPos), raw.lines())
}
private fun renderParamDoc(fn: MiniFunDecl, p: MiniParam): String {
val title = "parameter ${p.name}${typeOf(p.type)} in ${fn.name}${signatureOf(fn)}"
val sb = StringBuilder()
@ -705,25 +565,6 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
return sb.toString()
}
private fun renderMemberTypeAliasDoc(className: String, m: MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl): String {
val tp = if (m.typeParams.isEmpty()) "" else "<" + m.typeParams.joinToString(", ") + ">"
val body = typeOf(m.target)
val rhs = if (body.isBlank()) "" else " = ${body.removePrefix(": ")}"
val staticStr = if (m.isStatic) "static " else ""
val title = "${staticStr}type $className.${m.name}$tp$rhs"
val sb = StringBuilder()
sb.append(renderTitle(title))
sb.append(renderDocBody(m.doc))
return sb.toString()
}
private fun typeAliasSuffix(d: MiniTypeAliasDecl): String {
val tp = if (d.typeParams.isEmpty()) "" else "<" + d.typeParams.joinToString(", ") + ">"
val body = typeOf(d.target)
val rhs = if (body.isBlank()) "" else " = ${body.removePrefix(": ")}"
return "$tp$rhs"
}
private fun typeOf(t: MiniTypeRef?): String {
val s = DocLookupUtils.typeOf(t)
return if (s.isEmpty()) (if (t == null) ": Object?" else "") else ": $s"

View File

@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import com.intellij.psi.codeStyle.CodeStyleManager
import com.intellij.psi.impl.source.codeStyle.PreFormatProcessor
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatConfig
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatter
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngStringDelimiterPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngLanguage
/**
@ -171,7 +170,6 @@ class LyngPreFormatProcessor : PreFormatProcessor {
continuationIndentSize = options.CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(options.INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(1)),
applySpacing = true,
applyWrapping = false,
stringDelimiterPolicy = LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
val r = if (runFullFileIndent) currentLocalRange() else workingRangeLocal.intersection(currentLocalRange()) ?: currentLocalRange()
val text = doc.getText(r)
@ -191,7 +189,6 @@ class LyngPreFormatProcessor : PreFormatProcessor {
continuationIndentSize = options.CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(options.INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(1)),
applySpacing = settings.enableSpacing,
applyWrapping = true,
stringDelimiterPolicy = LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
val r = if (runFullFileIndent) currentLocalRange() else workingRangeLocal.intersection(currentLocalRange()) ?: currentLocalRange()
val text = doc.getText(r)

View File

@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ class LyngLexer : LexerBase() {
"fun", "val", "var", "class", "interface", "type", "import", "as",
"abstract", "closed", "override", "static", "extern", "open", "private", "protected",
"if", "else", "for", "while", "return", "true", "false", "null",
"when", "in", "is", "break", "continue", "try", "catch", "finally", "void",
"get", "set", "object", "enum", "init", "by", "step", "property", "constructor"
"when", "in", "is", "break", "continue", "try", "catch", "finally",
"get", "set", "object", "enum", "init", "by", "property", "constructor"
)
override fun start(buffer: CharSequence, startOffset: Int, endOffset: Int, initialState: Int) {
@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ class LyngLexer : LexerBase() {
return
}
// String "...", `...`, or '...' with simple escape handling
if (ch == '"' || ch == '\'' || ch == '`') {
// String "..." or '...' with simple escape handling
if (ch == '"' || ch == '\'') {
val quote = ch
i++
while (i < endOffset) {

View File

@ -20,18 +20,12 @@ package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.navigation
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project
import com.intellij.openapi.util.TextRange
import com.intellij.psi.*
import com.intellij.psi.search.FileTypeIndex
import com.intellij.psi.search.FilenameIndex
import com.intellij.psi.search.GlobalSearchScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.offsetOf
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngFileType
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngAstManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngIdeaImportProvider
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.TextCtx
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisRequest
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiElement>(element, TextRange(0, element.textLength)) {
@ -42,10 +36,9 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
val name = element.text ?: ""
val results = mutableListOf<ResolveResult>()
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(file) ?: return emptyArray()
val mini = analysis.mini ?: return emptyArray()
val binding = analysis.binding
val imported = analysis.importedModules.toSet()
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: return emptyArray()
val binding = LyngAstManager.getBinding(file)
val imported = DocLookupUtils.canonicalImportedModules(mini, text).toSet()
val currentPackage = getPackageName(file)
val allowedPackages = if (currentPackage != null) imported + currentPackage else imported
@ -54,17 +47,16 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
if (dotPos != null) {
val receiverClass = DocLookupUtils.guessReceiverClassViaMini(mini, text, dotPos, imported.toList(), binding)
?: DocLookupUtils.guessReceiverClass(text, dotPos, imported.toList(), mini)
val staticOnly = DocLookupUtils.isStaticReceiver(mini, text, dotPos, imported.toList(), binding)
if (receiverClass != null) {
val resolved = DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(imported.toList(), receiverClass, name, mini, staticOnly = staticOnly)
val resolved = DocLookupUtils.resolveMemberWithInheritance(imported.toList(), receiverClass, name, mini)
if (resolved != null) {
val owner = resolved.first
val member = resolved.second
// We need to find the actual PSI element for this member
val targetFile = findFileForClass(file.project, owner) ?: file
val targetMini = loadMini(targetFile)
val targetMini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(targetFile)
if (targetMini != null) {
val targetSrc = targetMini.range.start.source
val off = targetSrc.offsetOf(member.nameStart)
@ -72,13 +64,11 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
val kind = when(member) {
is MiniMemberFunDecl -> "Function"
is MiniMemberValDecl -> if (member.mutable) "Variable" else "Value"
is MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> "TypeAlias"
is MiniInitDecl -> "Initializer"
is MiniFunDecl -> "Function"
is MiniValDecl -> if (member.mutable) "Variable" else "Value"
is MiniClassDecl -> "Class"
is MiniEnumDecl -> "Enum"
is MiniTypeAliasDecl -> "TypeAlias"
}
results.add(PsiElementResolveResult(LyngDeclarationElement(it, member.name, kind)))
}
@ -129,37 +119,24 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
}
private fun findFileForClass(project: Project, className: String): PsiFile? {
// 1. Try file with matching name first (optimization)
val scope = GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(project)
val psiManager = PsiManager.getInstance(project)
val matchingFiles = FileTypeIndex.getFiles(LyngFileType, scope)
.asSequence()
.filter { it.name == "$className.lyng" }
.mapNotNull { psiManager.findFile(it) }
.toList()
val matchingDeclFiles = FileTypeIndex.getFiles(LyngFileType, scope)
.asSequence()
.filter { it.name == "$className.lyng.d" }
.mapNotNull { psiManager.findFile(it) }
.toList()
// 1. Try file with matching name first (optimization)
val matchingFiles = FilenameIndex.getFilesByName(project, "$className.lyng", GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(project))
for (file in matchingFiles) {
val mini = loadMini(file) ?: continue
if (mini.declarations.any { isLocalDecl(mini, it) && ((it is MiniClassDecl && it.name == className) || (it is MiniEnumDecl && it.name == className)) }) {
return file
}
}
for (file in matchingDeclFiles) {
val mini = loadMini(file) ?: continue
if (mini.declarations.any { isLocalDecl(mini, it) && ((it is MiniClassDecl && it.name == className) || (it is MiniEnumDecl && it.name == className)) }) {
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: continue
if (mini.declarations.any { (it is MiniClassDecl && it.name == className) || (it is MiniEnumDecl && it.name == className) }) {
return file
}
}
// 2. Fallback to full project scan
for (file in collectLyngFiles(project)) {
if (matchingFiles.contains(file) || matchingDeclFiles.contains(file)) continue // already checked
val mini = loadMini(file) ?: continue
if (mini.declarations.any { isLocalDecl(mini, it) && ((it is MiniClassDecl && it.name == className) || (it is MiniEnumDecl && it.name == className)) }) {
val allFiles = FilenameIndex.getAllFilesByExt(project, "lyng", GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(project))
for (vFile in allFiles) {
val file = psiManager.findFile(vFile) ?: continue
if (matchingFiles.contains(file)) continue // already checked
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: continue
if (mini.declarations.any { (it is MiniClassDecl && it.name == className) || (it is MiniEnumDecl && it.name == className) }) {
return file
}
}
@ -167,7 +144,7 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
}
private fun getPackageName(file: PsiFile): String? {
val mini = loadMini(file) ?: return null
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: return null
return try {
val pkg = mini.range.start.source.extractPackageName()
if (pkg.startsWith("lyng.")) pkg else "lyng.$pkg"
@ -191,19 +168,19 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
private fun resolveGlobally(project: Project, name: String, membersOnly: Boolean = false, allowedPackages: Set<String>? = null): List<ResolveResult> {
val results = mutableListOf<ResolveResult>()
val files = FilenameIndex.getAllFilesByExt(project, "lyng", GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(project))
val psiManager = PsiManager.getInstance(project)
for (file in collectLyngFiles(project)) {
for (vFile in files) {
val file = psiManager.findFile(vFile) ?: continue
// Filter by package if requested
if (allowedPackages != null) {
val pkg = getPackageName(file)
if (pkg == null) {
if (!file.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) continue
} else if (pkg !in allowedPackages) continue
if (pkg == null || pkg !in allowedPackages) continue
}
val mini = loadMini(file) ?: continue
val mini = LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file) ?: continue
val src = mini.range.start.source
fun addIfMatch(dName: String, nameStart: net.sergeych.lyng.Pos, dKind: String) {
@ -216,14 +193,12 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
}
for (d in mini.declarations) {
if (!isLocalDecl(mini, d)) continue
if (!membersOnly) {
val dKind = when(d) {
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniFunDecl -> "Function"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniClassDecl -> "Class"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniEnumDecl -> "Enum"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniValDecl -> if (d.mutable) "Variable" else "Value"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniTypeAliasDecl -> "TypeAlias"
}
addIfMatch(d.name, d.nameStart, dKind)
}
@ -236,11 +211,9 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
}
for (m in members) {
if (m.range.start.source != src) continue
val mKind = when(m) {
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniMemberFunDecl -> "Function"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniMemberValDecl -> if (m.mutable) "Variable" else "Value"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniMemberTypeAliasDecl -> "TypeAlias"
is net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniInitDecl -> "Initializer"
}
addIfMatch(m.name, m.nameStart, mKind)
@ -250,42 +223,5 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
return results
}
private fun collectLyngFiles(project: Project): List<PsiFile> {
val scope = GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(project)
val psiManager = PsiManager.getInstance(project)
val out = LinkedHashSet<PsiFile>()
val lyngFiles = FilenameIndex.getAllFilesByExt(project, "lyng", scope)
for (vFile in lyngFiles) {
psiManager.findFile(vFile)?.let { out.add(it) }
}
// Include declaration files (*.lyng.d) which are indexed as extension "d".
val dFiles = FilenameIndex.getAllFilesByExt(project, "d", scope)
for (vFile in dFiles) {
if (!vFile.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) continue
psiManager.findFile(vFile)?.let { out.add(it) }
}
return out.toList()
}
private fun loadMini(file: PsiFile): MiniScript? {
LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file)?.let { return it }
return try {
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = file.text, fileName = file.name, importProvider = provider)
)
}.mini
} catch (_: Throwable) {
null
}
}
private fun isLocalDecl(mini: MiniScript, decl: MiniDecl): Boolean =
decl.range.start.source == mini.range.start.source
override fun getVariants(): Array<Any> = emptyArray()
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
* Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.tools
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util
import net.sergeych.lyng.ModuleScope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Pos
@ -28,13 +28,7 @@ import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportProvider
* the compiler can still build MiniAst for Quick Docs / highlighting.
*/
class IdeLenientImportProvider private constructor(root: Scope) : ImportProvider(root) {
override suspend fun createModuleScope(pos: Pos, packageName: String): ModuleScope {
return try {
Script.defaultImportManager.createModuleScope(pos, packageName)
} catch (_: Throwable) {
ModuleScope(this, pos, packageName)
}
}
override suspend fun createModuleScope(pos: Pos, packageName: String): ModuleScope = ModuleScope(this, pos, packageName)
companion object {
/** Create a provider based on the default manager's root scope. */

View File

@ -21,35 +21,63 @@ import com.intellij.openapi.application.runReadAction
import com.intellij.openapi.util.Key
import com.intellij.psi.PsiFile
import com.intellij.psi.PsiManager
import com.intellij.psi.search.FileTypeIndex
import com.intellij.psi.search.FilenameIndex
import com.intellij.psi.search.GlobalSearchScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.Compiler
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.binding.Binder
import net.sergeych.lyng.binding.BindingSnapshot
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngFileType
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisRequest
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisResult
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngDiagnostic
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniAstBuilder
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.MiniScript
object LyngAstManager {
private val MINI_KEY = Key.create<MiniScript>("lyng.mini.cache")
private val BINDING_KEY = Key.create<BindingSnapshot>("lyng.binding.cache")
private val STAMP_KEY = Key.create<Long>("lyng.mini.cache.stamp")
private val ANALYSIS_KEY = Key.create<LyngAnalysisResult>("lyng.analysis.cache")
private val implicitBuiltinNames = setOf("void")
private val includeSymbolsDirective = Regex("""(?im)^\s*//\s*include\s+symbols\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$""")
fun getMiniAst(file: PsiFile): MiniScript? = runReadAction {
getAnalysis(file)?.mini
val vFile = file.virtualFile ?: return@runReadAction null
val combinedStamp = getCombinedStamp(file)
val prevStamp = file.getUserData(STAMP_KEY)
val cached = file.getUserData(MINI_KEY)
if (cached != null && prevStamp != null && prevStamp == combinedStamp) return@runReadAction cached
val text = file.viewProvider.contents.toString()
val sink = MiniAstBuilder()
val built = try {
val provider = IdeLenientImportProvider.create()
val src = Source(file.name, text)
runBlocking { Compiler.compileWithMini(src, provider, sink) }
val script = sink.build()
if (script != null && !file.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) {
val dFiles = collectDeclarationFiles(file)
for (df in dFiles) {
val scriptD = getMiniAst(df)
if (scriptD != null) {
script.declarations.addAll(scriptD.declarations)
script.imports.addAll(scriptD.imports)
}
}
}
script
} catch (_: Throwable) {
sink.build()
}
if (built != null) {
file.putUserData(MINI_KEY, built)
file.putUserData(STAMP_KEY, combinedStamp)
// Invalidate binding too
file.putUserData(BINDING_KEY, null)
}
built
}
fun getCombinedStamp(file: PsiFile): Long = runReadAction {
var combinedStamp = file.viewProvider.modificationStamp
if (!file.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) {
collectDeclarationFiles(file).forEach { symbolsFile ->
combinedStamp += symbolsFile.viewProvider.modificationStamp
collectDeclarationFiles(file).forEach { df ->
combinedStamp += df.viewProvider.modificationStamp
}
}
combinedStamp
@ -57,189 +85,49 @@ object LyngAstManager {
private fun collectDeclarationFiles(file: PsiFile): List<PsiFile> = runReadAction {
val psiManager = PsiManager.getInstance(file.project)
var current = file.virtualFile?.parent
val seen = mutableSetOf<String>()
val result = mutableListOf<PsiFile>()
var currentDir = file.containingDirectory
while (currentDir != null) {
for (child in currentDir.files) {
if (child.name.endsWith(".lyng.d") && child != file && seen.add(child.virtualFile.path)) {
result.add(child)
while (current != null) {
for (child in current.children) {
if (child.name.endsWith(".lyng.d") && child != file.virtualFile && seen.add(child.path)) {
val psiD = psiManager.findFile(child) ?: continue
result.add(psiD)
}
}
currentDir = currentDir.parentDirectory
}
val includeSpecs = includeSymbolsDirective.findAll(file.viewProvider.contents)
.flatMap { it.groupValues[1].split(',').asSequence() }
.map { it.trim() }
.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
.toList()
val baseDir = file.virtualFile?.parent
if (baseDir != null) {
for (spec in includeSpecs) {
val included = baseDir.findFileByRelativePath(spec) ?: continue
if (included.path == file.virtualFile?.path) continue
if (seen.add(included.path)) {
psiManager.findFile(included)?.let { result.add(it) }
}
}
}
if (result.isNotEmpty()) return@runReadAction result
// Fallback for virtual/light files without a stable parent chain (e.g., tests)
val basePath = file.virtualFile?.path ?: return@runReadAction result
val scope = GlobalSearchScope.projectScope(file.project)
val dFiles = FilenameIndex.getAllFilesByExt(file.project, "d", scope)
for (vFile in dFiles) {
if (!vFile.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) continue
if (vFile.path == basePath) continue
val parentPath = vFile.parent?.path ?: continue
if (basePath == parentPath || basePath.startsWith(parentPath.trimEnd('/') + "/")) {
if (seen.add(vFile.path)) {
psiManager.findFile(vFile)?.let { result.add(it) }
}
}
}
if (result.isNotEmpty()) return@runReadAction result
// Fallback: scan all Lyng files in project index and filter by .lyng.d
val lyngFiles = FileTypeIndex.getFiles(LyngFileType, scope)
for (vFile in lyngFiles) {
if (!vFile.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) continue
if (vFile.path == basePath) continue
if (seen.add(vFile.path)) {
psiManager.findFile(vFile)?.let { result.add(it) }
}
}
if (result.isNotEmpty()) return@runReadAction result
// Final fallback: include all .lyng.d files in project scope
for (vFile in dFiles) {
if (!vFile.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) continue
if (vFile.path == basePath) continue
if (seen.add(vFile.path)) {
psiManager.findFile(vFile)?.let { result.add(it) }
}
current = current.parent
}
result
}
fun getDeclarationFiles(file: PsiFile): List<PsiFile> = runReadAction {
collectDeclarationFiles(file)
}
fun getBinding(file: PsiFile): BindingSnapshot? = runReadAction {
getAnalysis(file)?.binding
}
fun getAnalysis(file: PsiFile): LyngAnalysisResult? = runReadAction {
val vFile = file.virtualFile ?: return@runReadAction null
val combinedStamp = getCombinedStamp(file)
var combinedStamp = file.viewProvider.modificationStamp
val dFiles = if (!file.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")) collectDeclarationFiles(file) else emptyList()
for (df in dFiles) {
combinedStamp += df.viewProvider.modificationStamp
}
val prevStamp = file.getUserData(STAMP_KEY)
val cached = file.getUserData(ANALYSIS_KEY)
val cached = file.getUserData(BINDING_KEY)
if (cached != null && prevStamp != null && prevStamp == combinedStamp) return@runReadAction cached
val mini = getMiniAst(file) ?: return@runReadAction null
val text = file.viewProvider.contents.toString()
val built = try {
DocsBootstrap.ensure()
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = text, fileName = file.name, importProvider = provider)
)
}
val binding = try {
Binder.bind(text, mini)
} catch (_: Throwable) {
null
}
if (built != null) {
val isDecl = file.name.endsWith(".lyng.d")
val merged = if (!isDecl && built.mini == null) {
MiniScript(MiniRange(built.source.startPos, built.source.startPos))
} else {
built.mini
}
if (merged != null && !isDecl) {
val dFiles = collectDeclarationFiles(file)
for (df in dFiles) {
val dMini = getAnalysis(df)?.mini ?: run {
val dText = df.viewProvider.contents.toString()
try {
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = dText, fileName = df.name, importProvider = provider)
)
}.mini
} catch (_: Throwable) {
null
}
} ?: continue
merged.declarations.addAll(dMini.declarations)
merged.imports.addAll(dMini.imports)
}
}
val finalAnalysis = if (merged != null) {
val mergedImports = DocLookupUtils.canonicalImportedModules(merged, text)
built.copy(
mini = merged,
importedModules = mergedImports,
diagnostics = filterDiagnostics(built.diagnostics, merged, text, mergedImports)
)
} else {
built
}
file.putUserData(ANALYSIS_KEY, finalAnalysis)
file.putUserData(MINI_KEY, finalAnalysis.mini)
file.putUserData(BINDING_KEY, finalAnalysis.binding)
if (binding != null) {
file.putUserData(BINDING_KEY, binding)
// stamp is already set by getMiniAst or we set it here if getMiniAst was cached
file.putUserData(STAMP_KEY, combinedStamp)
return@runReadAction finalAnalysis
}
null
}
private fun filterDiagnostics(
diagnostics: List<LyngDiagnostic>,
merged: MiniScript,
text: String,
importedModules: List<String>
): List<LyngDiagnostic> {
if (diagnostics.isEmpty()) return diagnostics
val declaredTopLevel = merged.declarations.map { it.name }.toSet()
val declaredMembers = linkedSetOf<String>()
val aggregatedClasses = DocLookupUtils.aggregateClasses(importedModules, merged)
for (cls in aggregatedClasses.values) {
cls.members.forEach { declaredMembers.add(it.name) }
cls.ctorFields.forEach { declaredMembers.add(it.name) }
cls.classFields.forEach { declaredMembers.add(it.name) }
}
merged.declarations.filterIsInstance<MiniEnumDecl>().forEach { en ->
DocLookupUtils.enumToSyntheticClass(en).members.forEach { declaredMembers.add(it.name) }
}
val builtinTopLevel = linkedSetOf<String>()
for (mod in importedModules) {
BuiltinDocRegistry.docsForModule(mod).forEach { builtinTopLevel.add(it.name) }
}
return diagnostics.filterNot { diag ->
val msg = diag.message
if (msg.startsWith("unresolved name: ")) {
val name = msg.removePrefix("unresolved name: ").trim()
name in declaredTopLevel || name in builtinTopLevel || name in implicitBuiltinNames
} else if (msg.startsWith("unresolved member: ")) {
val name = msg.removePrefix("unresolved member: ").trim()
val range = diag.range
val dotLeft = if (range != null) DocLookupUtils.findDotLeft(text, range.start) else null
dotLeft != null && name in declaredMembers
} else {
false
}
}
binding
}
}

View File

@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util
import net.sergeych.lyng.ModuleScope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Pos
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportProvider
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
/**
* IDE import provider that knows about optional LyngIO modules used by editor analysis.
*
* The default import manager only exposes core modules; editor features need the pluggable
* `lyng.io.*` packages available as well so imported symbols resolve without false errors.
*/
class LyngIdeaImportProvider private constructor(root: Scope) : ImportProvider(root) {
override suspend fun createModuleScope(pos: Pos, packageName: String): ModuleScope {
return try {
baseImportManager.createModuleScope(pos, packageName)
} catch (_: Throwable) {
ModuleScope(this, pos, packageName)
}
}
companion object {
private val baseImportManager: ImportManager by lazy {
Script.defaultImportManager.copy().apply {
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, this)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, this)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, this)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, this)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, this)
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, this)
}
}
fun create(): LyngIdeaImportProvider = LyngIdeaImportProvider(baseImportManager.rootScope)
}
}

View File

@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.definitions
import com.intellij.testFramework.fixtures.BasePlatformTestCase
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.docs.LyngDocumentationProvider
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.navigation.LyngPsiReference
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.settings.LyngFormatterSettings
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngAstManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.CompletionEngineLight
class LyngDefinitionFilesTest : BasePlatformTestCase() {
override fun getTestDataPath(): String = ""
private fun enableCompletion() {
LyngFormatterSettings.getInstance(project).enableLyngCompletionExperimental = true
}
private fun addDefinitionsFile() {
val defs = """
/** Utilities exposed via .lyng.d */
class Declared(val name: String) {
/** Size property */
val size: Int = 0
/** Returns greeting. */
fun greet(who: String): String = "hi " + who
}
/** Top-level function. */
fun topFun(x: Int): Int = x + 1
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.addFileToProject("api.lyng.d", defs)
}
private fun addPlainSymbolsFile() {
val defs = """
/** Symbols exposed via include directive */
class PlainDeclared(val name: String) {
fun hello(): String = "ok"
}
fun plainTopFun(x: Int): Int = x + 2
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.addFileToProject("plain_symbols.lyng", defs)
}
fun test_CompletionsIncludeDefinitions() {
addDefinitionsFile()
enableCompletion()
run {
val code = """
val v = top<caret>
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val text = myFixture.editor.document.text
val caret = myFixture.caretOffset
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val engine = runBlocking { CompletionEngineLight.completeSuspend(text, caret, analysis?.mini, analysis?.binding).map { it.name } }
assertTrue("Expected topFun from .lyng.d; got=$engine", engine.contains("topFun"))
}
run {
val code = """
<caret>
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("other.lyng", code)
val text = myFixture.editor.document.text
val caret = myFixture.caretOffset
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val engine = runBlocking { CompletionEngineLight.completeSuspend(text, caret, analysis?.mini, analysis?.binding).map { it.name } }
assertTrue("Expected Declared from .lyng.d; got=$engine", engine.contains("Declared"))
}
}
fun test_GotoDefinitionResolvesToDefinitionFile() {
addDefinitionsFile()
val code = """
val x = topFun(1)
val y = Declared("x")
y.gre<caret>et("me")
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val offset = myFixture.caretOffset
val element = myFixture.file.findElementAt(offset) ?: myFixture.file.findElementAt((offset - 1).coerceAtLeast(0))
assertNotNull("Expected element at caret for resolve", element)
val ref = LyngPsiReference(element!!)
val resolved = ref.resolve()
assertNotNull("Expected reference to resolve", resolved)
assertTrue("Expected .lyng.d target; got=${resolved!!.containingFile.name}", resolved.containingFile.name.endsWith(".lyng.d"))
}
fun test_QuickDocUsesDefinitionDocs() {
addDefinitionsFile()
val code = """
val y = Declared("x")
y.gre<caret>et("me")
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val provider = LyngDocumentationProvider()
val offset = myFixture.caretOffset
val element = myFixture.file.findElementAt(offset) ?: myFixture.file.findElementAt((offset - 1).coerceAtLeast(0))
assertNotNull("Expected element at caret for doc", element)
val doc = provider.generateDoc(element, element)
assertNotNull("Expected Quick Doc", doc)
assertTrue("Doc should include summary; got=$doc", doc!!.contains("Returns greeting"))
}
fun test_DiagnosticsIgnoreDefinitionSymbols() {
addDefinitionsFile()
val code = """
val x = topFun(1)
val y = Declared("x")
y.greet("me")
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val messages = analysis?.diagnostics?.map { it.message } ?: emptyList()
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for topFun", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: topFun") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for Declared", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: Declared") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for greet", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: greet") })
}
fun test_DiagnosticsDoNotReportVoidAsUnresolvedName() {
val code = """
fun f(): void {
return void
}
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val messages = analysis?.diagnostics?.map { it.message } ?: emptyList()
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for void, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: void") })
}
fun test_CompletionsIncludePlainLyngViaDirective() {
addPlainSymbolsFile()
enableCompletion()
val code = """
// include symbols: plain_symbols.lyng
val v = plainTop<caret>
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val text = myFixture.editor.document.text
val caret = myFixture.caretOffset
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val engine = runBlocking { CompletionEngineLight.completeSuspend(text, caret, analysis?.mini, analysis?.binding).map { it.name } }
assertTrue("Expected plainTopFun from included .lyng; got=$engine", engine.contains("plainTopFun"))
}
fun test_DiagnosticsIgnorePlainLyngSymbolsViaDirective() {
addPlainSymbolsFile()
val code = """
// include symbols: plain_symbols.lyng
val x = plainTopFun(1)
val y = PlainDeclared("x")
y.hello()
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val messages = analysis?.diagnostics?.map { it.message } ?: emptyList()
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for plainTopFun", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: plainTopFun") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for PlainDeclared", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: PlainDeclared") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for hello", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: hello") })
}
fun test_DiagnosticsResolveOptionalNetModuleSymbols() {
val code = """
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, "127.0.0.1")
val port = server.localAddress().port
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val messages = analysis?.diagnostics?.map { it.message } ?: emptyList()
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for Net, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: Net") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for tcpListen, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: tcpListen") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for localAddress, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: localAddress") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for port, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: port") })
}
}

View File

@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.highlight
import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
import org.junit.Test
class LyngLexerBacktickStringTest {
@Test
fun backtickStringGetsStringTokenAndColor() {
val lexer = LyngLexer()
val source = """val json = `{"name":"lyng","doc":"use \`quotes\`"}`"""
lexer.start(source, 0, source.length, 0)
val tokens = mutableListOf<Pair<String, String>>()
while (lexer.tokenType != null) {
val tokenText = source.substring(lexer.tokenStart, lexer.tokenEnd)
tokens += lexer.tokenType.toString() to tokenText
lexer.advance()
}
assertEquals(
listOf(
"KEYWORD" to "val",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"IDENTIFIER" to "json",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"PUNCT" to "=",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"STRING" to "`{\"name\":\"lyng\",\"doc\":\"use \\`quotes\\`\"}`"
),
tokens
)
val highlighter = LyngSyntaxHighlighter()
assertArrayEquals(
arrayOf(LyngHighlighterColors.STRING),
highlighter.getTokenHighlights(LyngTokenTypes.STRING)
)
}
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
* Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -19,39 +19,9 @@ plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.kotlinMultiplatform)
}
import org.gradle.api.Project
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.targets.native.tasks.KotlinNativeTest
group = "net.sergeych"
version = "unspecified"
private fun Project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(vararg defaultDirs: String): List<String> {
val overrideDir = providers.gradleProperty("sqlite3.lib.dir").orNull
?: providers.environmentVariable("SQLITE3_LIB_DIR").orNull
val candidateDirs = buildList {
if (!overrideDir.isNullOrBlank()) {
add(file(overrideDir))
}
defaultDirs.forEach { add(file(it)) }
}.distinctBy { it.absolutePath }
val discoveredLib = sequenceOf("libsqlite3.so", "libsqlite3.so.0")
.mapNotNull { libraryName ->
candidateDirs.firstOrNull { it.resolve(libraryName).isFile }?.let { dir ->
listOf("-L${dir.absolutePath}", "-l:$libraryName")
}
}
.firstOrNull()
?: listOf("-lsqlite3")
return discoveredLib + listOf(
"-ldl",
"-lpthread",
"-lm",
"-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined"
)
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven("https://maven.universablockchain.com/")
@ -64,10 +34,8 @@ kotlin {
// Suppress Beta warning for expect/actual classes across all targets in this module
targets.configureEach {
compilations.configureEach {
compileTaskProvider.configure {
compilerOptions {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
compilerOptions.configure {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
}
}
@ -82,22 +50,6 @@ kotlin {
linuxX64 {
binaries {
executable()
all {
linkerOpts(
*project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(
"/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/lib64",
"/usr/lib64",
"/lib",
"/usr/lib"
).toTypedArray()
)
if (buildType == org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.NativeBuildType.RELEASE) {
debuggable = false
optimized = true
}
}
}
}
sourceSets {
@ -109,7 +61,7 @@ kotlin {
// filesystem access into the execution Scope by default.
implementation(project(":lyngio"))
implementation(libs.okio)
implementation(libs.clikt.core)
implementation(libs.clikt)
implementation(kotlin("stdlib-common"))
// optional support for rendering markdown in help messages
// implementation(libs.clikt.markdown)
@ -123,41 +75,19 @@ kotlin {
implementation(libs.okio.fakefilesystem)
}
}
val linuxTest by creating {
dependsOn(commonTest)
}
val nativeMain by creating {
dependsOn(commonMain)
}
val jvmMain by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(libs.slf4j.nop)
}
}
val jvmTest by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(kotlin("test"))
implementation(kotlin("test-junit"))
}
}
// val nativeMain by getting {
// dependencies {
// implementation(kotlin("stdlib-common"))
// }
// }
val linuxX64Main by getting {
dependsOn(nativeMain)
}
val linuxX64Test by getting {
dependsOn(linuxTest)
}
}
}
tasks.named<KotlinNativeTest>("linuxX64Test") {
dependsOn(tasks.named("linkDebugExecutableLinuxX64"))
dependsOn(tasks.named("linkReleaseExecutableLinuxX64"))
environment(
"LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_BIN",
layout.buildDirectory.file("bin/linuxX64/debugExecutable/lyng.kexe").get().asFile.absolutePath
)
environment(
"LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_RELEASE_BIN",
layout.buildDirectory.file("bin/linuxX64/releaseExecutable/lyng.kexe").get().asFile.absolutePath
)
}
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
* Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
package net.sergeych
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.CoreCliktCommand
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.CliktCommand
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.Context
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.main
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.subcommands
@ -26,51 +26,25 @@ import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.multiple
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.optional
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.flag
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.option
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.LyngVersion
import net.sergeych.lyng.Pos
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.ScriptError
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.asFacade
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportManager
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.shutdownSystemNetEngine
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.mp_tools.globalDefer
import okio.*
import okio.FileSystem
import okio.Path.Companion.toPath
import okio.SYSTEM
import okio.buffer
import okio.use
// common code
expect fun exit(code: Int)
internal expect class CliPlatformShutdownHooks {
fun uninstall()
companion object {
fun install(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime): CliPlatformShutdownHooks
}
}
expect class ShellCommandExecutor {
fun executeCommand(command: String): CommandResult
@ -85,304 +59,16 @@ data class CommandResult(
val error: String
)
private const val cliBuiltinsDeclarations = """
extern fun atExit(append: Bool=true, handler: ()->Void)
"""
private class CliExitRequested(val code: Int) : RuntimeException("CLI exit requested: $code")
internal class CliExecutionRuntime(
private val session: EvalSession,
private val rootScope: Scope
) {
private val shutdownMutex = Mutex()
private var shutdownStarted = false
private val exitHandlers = mutableListOf<Obj>()
fun registerAtExit(handler: Obj, append: Boolean) {
if (append) {
exitHandlers += handler
} else {
exitHandlers.add(0, handler)
}
}
suspend fun shutdown() {
shutdownMutex.withLock {
if (shutdownStarted) return
shutdownStarted = true
}
val handlers = exitHandlers.toList()
val facade = rootScope.asFacade()
for (handler in handlers) {
runCatching {
facade.call(handler)
}
}
session.cancel()
shutdownSystemNetEngine()
session.join()
}
fun shutdownBlocking() {
runBlocking {
shutdown()
}
}
}
private val baseCliImportManagerDefer = globalDefer {
val manager = Script.defaultImportManager.copy().apply {
installCliModules(this)
}
manager.newStdScope()
manager
}
private fun ImportManager.invalidateCliModuleCaches() {
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.fs")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.console")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.db.jdbc")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.db.sqlite")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.http")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.ws")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.net")
}
val baseScopeDefer = globalDefer {
baseCliImportManagerDefer.await().copy().apply {
invalidateCliModuleCaches()
}.newStdScope().apply {
installCliDeclarations()
installCliBuiltins()
addConst("ARGV", ObjList(mutableListOf()))
}
}
private suspend fun Scope.installCliDeclarations() {
eval(Source("<cli-builtins>", cliBuiltinsDeclarations))
}
private fun Scope.installCliBuiltins(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime? = null) {
addFn("exit") {
val code = requireOnlyArg<ObjInt>().toInt()
if (runtime == null) {
exit(code)
Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("exit") {
exit(requireOnlyArg<ObjInt>().toInt())
ObjVoid
}
throw CliExitRequested(code)
// Install lyng.io.fs module with full access by default for the CLI tool's Scope.
// Scripts still need to `import lyng.io.fs` to use Path API.
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, this)
}
addFn("atExit") {
if (runtime == null) {
raiseIllegalState("atExit is only available while running a CLI script")
}
if (args.list.size > 2) {
raiseError("Expected at most 2 positional arguments, got ${args.list.size}")
}
var append = true
var appendSet = false
var handler: Obj? = null
when (args.list.size) {
1 -> {
val only = args.list[0]
if (only.isInstanceOf("Callable")) {
handler = only
} else {
append = only.toBool()
appendSet = true
}
}
2 -> {
append = args.list[0].toBool()
appendSet = true
handler = args.list[1]
}
}
for ((name, value) in args.named) {
when (name) {
"append" -> {
if (appendSet) {
raiseIllegalArgument("argument 'append' is already set")
}
append = value.toBool()
appendSet = true
}
"handler" -> {
if (handler != null) {
raiseIllegalArgument("argument 'handler' is already set")
}
handler = value
}
else -> raiseIllegalArgument("unknown argument '$name'")
}
}
val handlerValue = handler ?: raiseError("argument 'handler' is required")
if (!handlerValue.isInstanceOf("Callable")) {
raiseClassCastError("Expected handler to be callable")
}
runtime.registerAtExit(handlerValue, append)
ObjVoid
}
}
private fun installCliModules(manager: ImportManager) {
// Scripts still need to import the modules they use explicitly.
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, manager)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, manager)
createDbModule(manager)
createJdbcModule(manager)
createSqliteModule(manager)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, manager)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, manager)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, manager)
}
private data class LocalCliModule(
val packageName: String,
val source: Source
)
private fun readUtf8(path: Path): String =
FileSystem.SYSTEM.source(path).use { fileSource ->
fileSource.buffer().use { bs ->
bs.readUtf8()
}
}
private fun stripShebang(text: String): String {
if (!text.startsWith("#!")) return text
val pos = text.indexOf('\n')
return if (pos >= 0) text.substring(pos + 1) else ""
}
private fun extractDeclaredPackageNameOrNull(source: Source): String? {
for (line in source.lines) {
if (line.isBlank()) continue
return if (line.startsWith("package ")) {
line.substring(8).trim()
} else {
null
}
}
return null
}
private fun canonicalPath(path: Path): Path = FileSystem.SYSTEM.canonicalize(path)
private fun relativeModuleName(rootDir: Path, file: Path): String {
val rootText = rootDir.toString().trimEnd('/', '\\')
val fileText = file.toString()
val prefix = "$rootText/"
if (!fileText.startsWith(prefix)) {
throw ScriptError(Pos.builtIn, "local import root mismatch: $fileText is not under $rootText")
}
val relative = fileText.removePrefix(prefix)
val modulePath = relative.removeSuffix(".lyng")
return modulePath
.split('/', '\\')
.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
.joinToString(".")
}
private fun scanLyngFiles(rootDir: Path): List<Path> {
val system = FileSystem.SYSTEM
val pending = ArrayDeque<Path>()
val visited = linkedSetOf<String>()
val files = mutableListOf<Path>()
pending.add(rootDir)
while (pending.isNotEmpty()) {
val dir = pending.removeLast()
val canonicalDir = canonicalPath(dir)
if (!visited.add(canonicalDir.toString())) continue
val children = try {
system.list(canonicalDir)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
for (child in children) {
val meta = try {
system.metadata(child)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
when {
meta.isDirectory -> pending.add(child)
child.name.endsWith(".lyng") -> {
val canonicalFile = try {
canonicalPath(child)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
files += canonicalFile
}
}
}
}
return files
}
private fun discoverLocalCliModules(entryFile: Path): List<LocalCliModule> {
val rootDir = entryFile.parent ?: ".".toPath()
val seenPackages = linkedMapOf<String, Path>()
return scanLyngFiles(rootDir)
.asSequence()
.filter { it != entryFile }
.map { file ->
val text = stripShebang(readUtf8(file))
val source = Source(file.toString(), text)
val expectedPackage = relativeModuleName(rootDir, file)
val declaredPackage = extractDeclaredPackageNameOrNull(source)
if (declaredPackage != null && declaredPackage != expectedPackage) {
throw ScriptError(
source.startPos,
"local module package mismatch: expected '$expectedPackage' for ${file.toString()} but found '$declaredPackage'"
)
}
val packageName = declaredPackage ?: expectedPackage
val previous = seenPackages[packageName]
if (previous != null) {
throw ScriptError(
source.startPos,
"duplicate local module '$packageName': ${previous.toString()} and ${file.toString()}"
)
}
seenPackages[packageName] = file
LocalCliModule(packageName, source)
}
.toList()
}
private fun registerLocalCliModules(manager: ImportManager, modules: List<LocalCliModule>) {
for (module in modules) {
manager.addPackage(module.packageName) { scope ->
scope.eval(module.source)
}
}
}
private suspend fun ImportManager.newCliScope(argv: List<String>): Scope =
newStdScope().apply {
installCliDeclarations()
installCliBuiltins()
addConst("ARGV", ObjList(argv.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
}
internal suspend fun newCliScope(argv: List<String>, entryFileName: String? = null): Scope {
val baseManager = baseCliImportManagerDefer.await().copy().apply {
invalidateCliModuleCaches()
}
if (entryFileName == null) {
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
val entryFile = canonicalPath(entryFileName.toPath())
val localModules = discoverLocalCliModules(entryFile)
if (localModules.isEmpty()) {
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
registerLocalCliModules(baseManager, localModules)
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
fun runMain(args: Array<String>) {
@ -406,7 +92,7 @@ fun runMain(args: Array<String>) {
.main(args)
}
private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
private class Fmt : CliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
private val checkOnly by option("--check", help = "Check only; print files that would change").flag()
private val inPlace by option("-i", "--in-place", help = "Write changes back to files").flag()
private val enableSpacing by option("--spacing", help = "Apply spacing normalization").flag()
@ -429,7 +115,6 @@ private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
val cfg = net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatConfig(
applySpacing = enableSpacing,
applyWrapping = enableWrapping,
stringDelimiterPolicy = net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
var anyChanged = false
@ -465,9 +150,8 @@ private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
}
}
private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktCommand() {
private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CliktCommand() {
override val invokeWithoutSubcommand = true
override val printHelpOnEmptyArgs = true
val version by option("-v", "--version", help = "Print version and exit").flag()
@ -483,7 +167,7 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
override fun help(context: Context): String =
"""
The Lyng script language runtime, language version is $LyngVersion.
The Lyng script language interpreter, language version is $LyngVersion.
Please refer form more information to the project site:
https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng
@ -496,6 +180,7 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
if (currentContext.invokedSubcommand != null) return
runBlocking {
val baseScope = baseScopeDefer.await()
when {
version -> {
println("Lyng language version ${LyngVersion}")
@ -505,13 +190,15 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
val objargs = mutableListOf<String>()
script?.let { objargs += it }
objargs += args
baseScope.addConst(
"ARGV", ObjList(
objargs.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()
)
)
launcher {
// there is no script name, it is a first argument instead:
processErrors {
executeSource(
Source("<eval>", execute!!),
newCliScope(objargs)
)
baseScope.eval(execute!!)
}
}
}
@ -521,7 +208,8 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
println("Error: no script specified.\n")
echoFormattedHelp()
} else {
launcher { executeFile(script!!, args) }
baseScope.addConst("ARGV", ObjList(args.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
launcher { executeFile(script!!) }
}
}
}
@ -531,43 +219,24 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
fun executeFileWithArgs(fileName: String, args: List<String>) {
runBlocking {
executeFile(fileName, args)
baseScopeDefer.await().addConst("ARGV", ObjList(args.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
executeFile(fileName)
}
}
suspend fun executeSource(source: Source, initialScope: Scope? = null) {
val session = EvalSession(initialScope ?: baseScopeDefer.await())
val rootScope = session.getScope()
val runtime = CliExecutionRuntime(session, rootScope)
rootScope.installCliBuiltins(runtime)
val shutdownHooks = CliPlatformShutdownHooks.install(runtime)
var requestedExitCode: Int? = null
try {
try {
evalOnCliDispatcher(session, source)
} catch (e: CliExitRequested) {
requestedExitCode = e.code
suspend fun executeFile(fileName: String) {
var text = FileSystem.SYSTEM.source(fileName.toPath()).use { fileSource ->
fileSource.buffer().use { bs ->
bs.readUtf8()
}
} finally {
shutdownHooks.uninstall()
runtime.shutdown()
}
requestedExitCode?.let { exit(it) }
}
internal suspend fun evalOnCliDispatcher(session: EvalSession, source: Source): Obj =
withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
session.eval(source)
if( text.startsWith("#!") ) {
// skip shebang
val pos = text.indexOf('\n')
text = text.substring(pos + 1)
}
suspend fun executeFile(fileName: String, args: List<String> = emptyList()) {
val canonicalFile = canonicalPath(fileName.toPath())
val text = stripShebang(readUtf8(canonicalFile))
processErrors {
executeSource(
Source(canonicalFile.toString(), text),
newCliScope(args, canonicalFile.toString())
)
baseScopeDefer.await().eval(Source(fileName, text))
}
}

View File

@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class CliTcpServerRegressionTest {
@Test
fun reducedTcpServerExampleRunsWithCopiedCliImportManager() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<tcp-server-regression>",
"""
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, host)
val port = server.localAddress().port
val accepted = launch {
val client = server.accept()
val line = (client.read(4) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
client.close()
server.close()
line
}
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
accepted.await()
""".trimIndent()
)
)
assertEquals("ping", (result as ObjString).value)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun concurrentTcpExampleRunsInCliScope() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<tcp-server-concurrency-cli>",
"""
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val clientCount = 32
val server: TcpServer = Net.tcpListen(0, host, 32, true) as TcpServer
val port: Int = server.localAddress().port
fun payloadFor(index: Int): String {
"${'$'}index:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}"
}
fun handleClient(client: TcpSocket): String {
try {
val source = client.readLine()
if( source == null ) {
return "server-eof"
}
val reply = "pong: ${'$'}source"
client.writeUtf8(reply + "\n")
client.flush()
reply
} finally {
client.close()
}
}
val serverJob: Deferred = launch {
var handlers: List<Deferred> = List()
try {
for( i in 0..<32 ) {
val client: TcpSocket = server.accept() as TcpSocket
handlers += launch {
handleClient(client)
}
}
handlers.joinAll()
} finally {
server.close()
}
}
val clientJobs = (0..<clientCount).map { index ->
val payload = payloadFor(index)
launch {
val socket: TcpSocket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port) as TcpSocket
try {
socket.writeUtf8(payload + "\n")
socket.flush()
val reply = socket.readLine()
if( reply == null ) {
"client-eof:${'$'}payload"
} else {
assertEquals("pong: ${'$'}payload", reply)
reply
}
} finally {
socket.close()
}
}
}
val replies = clientJobs.joinAll()
val serverReplies = serverJob.await() as List<Object>
assertEquals(clientCount, replies.size)
assertEquals(clientCount, serverReplies.size)
assertEquals(replies.toSet, serverReplies.toSet)
"OK:${'$'}clientCount:${'$'}{replies.toSet}:${'$'}{serverReplies.toSet}"
""".trimIndent()
)
)
val text = (result as ObjString).value
assertTrue(text.startsWith("OK:32:"), text)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun mixedModuleAndLocalCapturesWorkInCliScope() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<cli-capture-regression>",
"""
val prefix = "pong"
val jobs = (0..<32).map { index ->
val payload = "${'$'}index:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}"
launch {
delay(5)
"${'$'}prefix:${'$'}payload"
}
}
jobs.joinAll()
""".trimIndent()
)
) as net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjList
assertEquals(32, result.list.size)
assertEquals(32, result.list.map { (it as ObjString).value }.toSet().size)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
}

View File

@ -24,34 +24,6 @@ import kotlin.system.exitProcess
@PublishedApi
internal var jvmExitImpl: (Int) -> Nothing = { code -> exitProcess(code) }
internal actual class CliPlatformShutdownHooks private constructor(
private val shutdownHook: Thread?
) {
actual fun uninstall() {
val hook = shutdownHook ?: return
runCatching {
Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(hook)
}
}
actual companion object {
actual fun install(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime): CliPlatformShutdownHooks {
val hook = Thread(
{
runtime.shutdownBlocking()
},
"lyng-cli-shutdown"
)
return runCatching {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(hook)
CliPlatformShutdownHooks(hook)
}.getOrElse {
CliPlatformShutdownHooks(null)
}
}
}
}
actual fun exit(code: Int) {
jvmExitImpl(code)
}
}

View File

@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjList
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import org.junit.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
class CliDispatcherJvmTest {
@Test
fun executeSourceRunsOnDefaultDispatcher() = runBlocking {
val callerThread = Thread.currentThread()
val callerThreadKey = "${System.identityHashCode(callerThread)}:${callerThread.name}"
val scope = Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("threadKey") { ObjString("${System.identityHashCode(Thread.currentThread())}:${Thread.currentThread().name}") }
addFn("threadName") { ObjString(Thread.currentThread().name) }
}
val session = EvalSession(scope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<test>",
"""
val task = launch { [threadKey(), threadName()] }
val child = task.await()
[threadKey(), threadName(), child]
""".trimIndent()
)
) as ObjList
val topLevelThreadKey = (result.list[0] as ObjString).value
val topLevelThreadName = (result.list[1] as ObjString).value
val child = result.list[2] as ObjList
val childThreadKey = (child.list[0] as ObjString).value
val childThreadName = (child.list[1] as ObjString).value
assertNotEquals(
callerThreadKey,
topLevelThreadKey,
"CLI top-level script body should not run on the runBlocking caller thread: $topLevelThreadName"
)
assertNotEquals(
callerThreadKey,
childThreadKey,
"CLI launch child should not inherit the runBlocking caller thread: $childThreadName"
)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun cliEvalInfersDeferredItTypeFromMapLambdaLocal() = runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession(Script.newScope())
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<cli-repro>",
"""
var sum = 0
var counter = 0
(1..3).map { n ->
val counterState = counter
val task = launch { counterState + n }
++counter
task
}.forEach { sum += it.await() }
sum
""".trimIndent()
)
)
assertEquals(9, (result as ObjInt).value)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.nio.file.Files
import kotlin.io.path.writeText
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertFalse
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class CliLocalModuleImportRegressionJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
private fun writeTransitiveImportTree(root: java.nio.file.Path) {
val packageDir = Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("package1"))
val nestedDir = Files.createDirectories(packageDir.resolve("nested"))
packageDir.resolve("alpha.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.alpha
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
class Alpha {
val headers = Map<String, String>()
fun makeTask(port: Int, host: String): Deferred = launch {
host + ":" + port
}
fun netModule() = Net
}
fun alphaValue() = "alpha"
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("beta.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.beta
import lyng.stdlib
import package1.alpha
fun betaValue() = alphaValue() + "|beta"
""".trimIndent()
)
nestedDir.resolve("gamma.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.nested.gamma
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
val String.gammaTag get() = this + "|gamma"
fun gammaValue() = betaValue().gammaTag
fun netModule() = Net
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("entry.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.entry
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
fun report() = gammaValue() + "|entry"
""".trimIndent()
)
}
private fun writeNestedLaunchImportBugTree(root: java.nio.file.Path) {
val packageDir = Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("package1"))
packageDir.resolve("alpha.lyng").writeText(
"""
import lyng.io.net
import package1.bravo
class Alpha {
val tcpServer: TcpServer
val headers = Map<String, String>()
fn startListen(port, host) {
var eager = Bravo()
eager.doSomething()
tcpServer = Net.tcpListen(port, host)
println("tcpServer.isOpen: " + tcpServer.isOpen())
launch {
try {
while (true) {
println("wait for accept...")
val tcpSocket = tcpServer.accept()
println("var bravo = Bravo()")
var bravo = Bravo()
println("bravo.doSomething()...")
bravo.doSomething()
println("bravo.doSomething()... OK")
tcpSocket.close()
break
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERR [Alpha.startListen]: '", e, "'")
} finally {
println("FIN [Alpha.startListen]")
tcpServer.close()
}
}
}
}
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("bravo.lyng").writeText(
"""
class Bravo {
fn doSomething() {
println("Bravo.doSomething")
}
}
""".trimIndent()
)
}
@Test
fun localModuleUsingLaunchAndNetImportsWithoutStdlibRedefinition() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
writeTransitiveImportTree(root)
mainFile.writeText(
"""
import package1.entry
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
println(report())
""".trimIndent()
)
executeFile(mainFile.toString(), emptyList())
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun localModuleImportsAreNoOpsWhenEvaldRepeatedlyOnSameCliContext() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression-repeat")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
writeTransitiveImportTree(root)
mainFile.writeText("println(\"bootstrap\")")
val session = EvalSession(newCliScope(emptyList(), mainFile.toString()))
try {
repeat(5) { index ->
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<repeat-local-import-$index>",
"""
import package1.entry
import package1.nested.gamma
import package1.beta
import package1.alpha
report()
""".trimIndent()
)
) as ObjString
assertEquals(
"alpha|beta|gamma|entry",
result.value
)
}
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun localModuleImportUsedOnlyInsideMethodLaunchClosureRemainsPrepared() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression-launch")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
val port = java.net.ServerSocket(0).let {
val selected = it.localPort
it.close()
selected
}
writeNestedLaunchImportBugTree(root)
mainFile.writeText(
"""
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
val alpha = Alpha()
alpha.startListen($port, "127.0.0.1")
delay(50)
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", $port)
println("send ping...")
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
delay(50)
""".trimIndent()
)
val result = runCli(mainFile.toString())
assertTrue(result.err.isBlank(), result.err)
assertFalse(result.out.contains("ERR [Alpha.startListen]"), result.out)
assertFalse(result.out.contains("module capture 'Bravo'"), result.out)
assertTrue(result.out.contains("bravo.doSomething()... OK"), result.out)
assertEquals(2, Regex("Bravo\\.doSomething").findAll(result.out).count(), result.out)
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import net.sergeych.jvmExitImpl
import net.sergeych.runMain
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.nio.file.Path
class CliAtExitJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
private fun runScript(scriptText: String): CliResult {
val tmp: Path = Files.createTempFile("lyng_atexit_", ".lyng")
try {
Files.writeString(tmp, scriptText)
return runCli(tmp.toString())
} finally {
Files.deleteIfExists(tmp)
}
}
@Test
fun atExitRunsInRequestedOrderAndIgnoresHandlerExceptions() {
val result = runScript(
"""
atExit {
println("tail")
}
atExit(false) {
println("head")
throw Exception("ignored")
}
println("body")
""".trimIndent()
)
assertNull(result.err.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() })
assertNull(result.exitCode)
val lines = result.out
.lineSequence()
.map { it.trim() }
.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
.toList()
assertEquals(listOf("body", "head", "tail"), lines)
}
@Test
fun atExitRunsBeforeScriptExitTerminatesProcess() {
val result = runScript(
"""
atExit {
println("cleanup")
}
exit(7)
""".trimIndent()
)
assertEquals(7, result.exitCode)
assertTrue(result.out.lineSequence().any { it.trim() == "cleanup" })
}
}

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