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4
.gitignore vendored
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@ -27,7 +27,3 @@ debug.log
/compile_jvm_output.txt
/compile_metadata_output.txt
test_output*.txt
/site/src/version-template/lyng-version.js
/bugcontents.db
/bugs/
contents.db

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@ -13,13 +13,11 @@
- Prefer defining Lyng entities (enums/classes/type shapes) in `.lyng` files; only define them in Kotlin when there is Kotlin/platform-specific implementation detail that cannot be expressed in Lyng.
- Avoid hardcoding Lyng API documentation in Kotlin registrars when it can be declared in `.lyng`; Kotlin-side docs should be fallback/bridge only.
- For mixed pluggable modules (Lyng + Kotlin), embed module `.lyng` sources as generated Kotlin string literals, evaluate them into module scope during registration, then attach Kotlin implementations/bindings.
- When a change adds or changes Lyng-visible runtime/module behavior, update the corresponding `.lyng` declaration in the same change, including declaration-level docs/comments for new API surface.
## Kotlin/Wasm generation guardrails
- Avoid creating suspend lambdas for compiler runtime statements. Prefer explicit `object : Statement()` with `override suspend fun execute(...)`.
- Do not use `statement { ... }` or other inline suspend lambdas in compiler hot paths (e.g., parsing/var declarations, initializer thunks).
- If you need a wrapper for delegated properties, check for `getValue` explicitly and return a concrete `Statement` object when missing; avoid `onNotFoundResult` lambdas.
- For any code in `commonMain`, verify it is Kotlin Multiplatform compatible before finishing. Do not use JVM-only APIs or Java-backed convenience methods such as `Map.putIfAbsent`; prefer stdlib/common equivalents and run at least the relevant compile/test task that exercises the `commonMain` source set.
- If wasmJs browser tests hang, first run `:lynglib:wasmJsNodeTest` and look for wasm compilation errors; hangs usually mean module instantiation failed.
- Do not increase test timeouts to mask wasm generation errors; fix the invalid IR instead.

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@ -7,70 +7,6 @@ History note:
- Entries below are synchronized and curated for `1.5.x`.
- Earlier history may be incomplete and should be cross-checked with git tags/commits when needed.
## Unreleased
- No unreleased entries yet.
## 1.5.5 (2026-04-23)
### Concurrency and collections
- Added coroutine coordination primitives and helpers for everyday parallel code:
- `Channel` for coroutine-to-coroutine communication
- `LaunchPool` for bounded-concurrency task execution
- `Iterable<Deferred>.joinAll()` to await a whole collection of deferreds in input order
- `CompletableDeferred.completeExceptionally(...)` and `Deferred.cancelAndJoin()`
- Added docs and examples for the new concurrency APIs, including `joinAll()` coverage in iterable and parallelism references.
### Database and time APIs
- Added the portable `lyng.io.db` SQL contract and the first concrete providers:
- `lyng.io.db.sqlite` on JVM and Linux Native
- `lyng.io.db.jdbc` on JVM
- Added SQLite/JDBC release hardening:
- nested transactions via savepoints
- detached materialized rows
- generated-key support through `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`
- schema-driven value conversion for `Bool`, `Decimal`, `Date`, `DateTime`, and `Instant`
- portable SQLite linker/deployment fixes and documented runtime options
- Added `Date` to `lyng.time` and the core runtime as a first-class calendar-date type, plus conversions and arithmetic across `Instant`, `DateTime`, and `Date`.
### Language, stdlib, and tooling
- Added extensions on singleton `object` declarations, including object-scoped indexer overrides for bracket syntax.
- Added backtick string literals and formatter support.
- Added `lyng.legacy_digest` for SHA-1 compatibility work, `String.replace`, and `buffer.base64std`.
- Improved CLI/runtime behavior with `atExit` shutdown handlers, native release-binary work, and follow-up CLI packaging/import fixes.
- Expanded docs across the tutorial, stdlib references, database docs, networking docs, and release notes.
### Runtime/compiler stability and performance
- Extended exact-call and higher-order lambda inlining through the bytecode compiler, including compiled fast paths for simple lambdas, wrappers, captures, and common higher-order helpers.
- Fixed import caching and class/object bytecode dispatch on JVM.
- Fixed immutable `val` compound assignments so true mutating `*Assign` operations continue to work while fallback reassignments report the correct read-only error.
- Fixed closure/capture and import regressions across launched loops, singleton/object extensions, aliasing, transitive re-exports, and immutable capture escaping.
- Improved list-fill/list-append fast paths, nullable-let inference, Decimal/Complex interop, and related regression coverage.
### Release notes
- Release metadata, homepage samples, docs, and README now point to `1.5.5`.
## 1.5.4 (2026-04-03)
### Runtime and compiler stability
- Stabilized the recent `piSpigot` benchmark/compiler work for release.
- Fixed numeric-mix regressions introduced by overly broad int-coercion in bytecode compilation.
- Restored correct behavior for decimal arithmetic, mixed real/int flows, list literals, list size checks, and national-character script cases.
- Fixed plain-list index fast paths so they no longer bypass subclass behavior such as `ObservableList` hooks and flow notifications.
- Hardened local numeric compare fast paths to correctly handle primitive-coded frame slots.
### Performance and examples
- Added `piSpigot` benchmark/example coverage:
- `examples/pi-test.lyng`
- `examples/pi-bench.lyng`
- JVM benchmark test for release-baseline verification
- Kept the safe list/index/runtime wins that improve the optimized `piSpigot` path without reintroducing type-unsound coercions.
- Changed the default `RVAL_FASTPATH` setting off on JVM/Android and in the benchmark preset after verification that it no longer helps the stabilized `piSpigot` workload.
### Release notes
- Full JVM and wasm test gates pass on the release tree.
- Benchmark findings and remaining post-release optimization targets are documented in `notes/pi_spigot_benchmark_baseline_2026-04-03.md`.
## 1.5.1 (2026-03-25)
### Language

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@ -48,12 +48,9 @@ assertEquals(A.E.One, A.One)
- [Language home](https://lynglang.com)
- [introduction and tutorial](docs/tutorial.md) - start here please
- [Latest release notes (1.5.5)](docs/whats_new.md)
- [What's New in 1.5](docs/whats_new_1_5.md)
- [Testing and Assertions](docs/Testing.md)
- [Filesystem and Processes (lyngio)](docs/lyngio.md)
- [SQL Databases (lyng.io.db)](docs/lyng.io.db.md)
- [Time and Calendar Types](docs/time.md)
- [Return Statement](docs/return_statement.md)
- [Efficient Iterables in Kotlin Interop](docs/EfficientIterables.md)
- [Samples directory](docs/samples)
@ -66,7 +63,8 @@ assertEquals(A.E.One, A.One)
### Add dependency to your project
```kotlin
val lyngVersion = "1.5.5"
// update to current please:
val lyngVersion = "1.5.0-SNAPSHOT"
repositories {
// ...
@ -95,49 +93,42 @@ import net.sergeych.lyng.*
// we need a coroutine to start, as Lyng
// is a coroutine based language, async topdown
runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
assert(5 == session.eval(""" 3*3 - 4 """).toInt())
session.eval(""" println("Hello, Lyng!") """)
assert(5 == eval(""" 3*3 - 4 """).toInt())
eval(""" println("Hello, Lyng!") """)
}
```
### Exchanging information
The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`. It owns the script scope and any coroutines
started with `launch { ... }`. Create a session, grab its scope when you need low-level
binding APIs, then execute scripts through the session:
Script is executed over some `Scope`. Create instance,
add your specific vars and functions to it, and call:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.*
runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope().apply {
// simple function
addFn("sumOf") {
var sum = 0.0
for (a in args) sum += a.toDouble()
ObjReal(sum)
}
addConst("LIGHT_SPEED", ObjReal(299_792_458.0))
// callback back to kotlin to some suspend fn, for example::
// suspend fun doSomeWork(text: String): Int
addFn("doSomeWork") {
// this _is_ a suspend lambda, we can call suspend function,
// and it won't consume the thread.
// note that in kotlin handler, `args` is a list of `Obj` arguments
// and return value from this lambda should be Obj too:
doSomeWork(args[0]).toObj()
}
// simple function
val scope = Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("sumOf") {
var sum = 0.0
for (a in args) sum += a.toDouble()
ObjReal(sum)
}
addConst("LIGHT_SPEED", ObjReal(299_792_458.0))
// execute through the session:
session.eval("sumOf(1,2,3)") // <- 6
// callback back to kotlin to some suspend fn, for example::
// suspend fun doSomeWork(text: String): Int
addFn("doSomeWork") {
// this _is_ a suspend lambda, we can call suspend function,
// and it won't consume the thread.
// note that in kotlin handler, `args` is a list of `Obj` arguments
// and return value from this lambda should be Obj too:
doSomeWork(args[0]).toObj()
}
}
// adding constant:
scope.eval("sumOf(1,2,3)") // <- 6
```
Note that the session reuses one scope, so state persists across `session.eval(...)` calls.
Use raw `Scope.eval(...)` only when you intentionally want low-level control without session-owned coroutine lifecycle.
Note that the scope stores all changes in it so you can make calls on a single scope to preserve state between calls.
## IntelliJ IDEA plugin: Lightweight autocompletion (experimental)
@ -186,7 +177,8 @@ Designed to add scripting to kotlin multiplatform application in easy and effici
# Language Roadmap
The current stable release is **v1.5.5**: the 1.5 cycle now includes the database/date/concurrency additions as well as the latest compiler/runtime stabilization work, and the language, tooling, and site are aligned around this release.
We are now at **v1.5.0-SNAPSHOT** (stable development cycle): basic optimization performed, battery included: standard library is 90% here, initial
support in HTML, popular editors, and IDEA; tools to syntax highlight and format code are ready. It was released closed to schedule.
Ready features:
@ -223,21 +215,23 @@ Ready features:
- [x] assign-if-null operator `?=`
- [x] user-defined exception classes
All of this is documented on the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and locally in [docs/tutorial.md](docs/tutorial.md). The site reflects the current release, while development snapshots continue in the private Maven repository.
All of this is documented in the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and locally [docs/language.md](docs/tutorial.md). the current nightly builds published on the site and in the private maven repository.
## plan: towards v2.0 Next Generation
- [x] site with integrated interpreter to give a try
- [x] kotlin part public API good docs, integration focused
- [x] type specifications
- [ ] type specifications
- [x] Textmate Bundle
- [x] IDEA plugin
- [x] source docs and maybe lyng.md to a standard
- [ ] source docs and maybe lyng.md to a standard
- [ ] metadata first class access from lyng
- [x] aggressive optimizations
- [ ] compile to JVM bytecode optimization
## After 1.5 "Ideal scripting"
* __we are here now ;)__
Estimated summer 2026
- propose your feature!
@ -245,12 +239,8 @@ All of this is documented on the [language site](https://lynglang.com) and local
@-links are for contacting authors on [project home](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng): this simplest s to open issue for the person you need to convey any information about this project.
<img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7e3a56ff8a090fc9ffbd1909dea94904?s=32&d=identicon" alt="Sergey Chernov" width="32" height="32" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5em;" /> <b>Sergey Chernov</b> @sergeych, real.sergeych@gmail.com: Initial idea and architecture, language concept, design, implementation.
<br/>
<img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/53a90bca30c85a81db8f0c0d8dea43a1?s=32&d=identicon" alt="Yulia Nezhinskaya" width="32" height="32" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5em;" /> <b>Yulia Nezhinskaya</b> @AlterEgoJuliaN, neleka88@gmail.com: System analysis, math and feature design.
__Sergey Chernov__ @sergeych: Initial idea and architecture, language concept, design, implementation.
__Yulia Nezhinskaya__ @AlterEgoJuliaN: System analysis, math and features design.
[parallelism]: docs/parallelism.md

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
set -e
echo "publishing all artifacts"
echo
./gradlew publishToMavenLocal site:jsBrowserDistribution publish buildInstallablePlugin :lyng:linkReleaseExecutableLinuxX64 :lyng:installJvmDist --parallel --no-configuration-cache
./gradlew publishToMavenLocal site:jsBrowserDistribution publish buildInstallablePlugin :lyng:linkReleaseExecutableLinuxX64 :lyng:installJvmDist --parallel
#echo
#echo "Creating plugin"

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@ -18,12 +18,10 @@
#
upload_only=false
target=vps # default: new server; use --old for d.lynglang.com
for arg in "$@"; do
if [[ "$arg" == "-u" || "$arg" == "--upload-only" ]]; then
upload_only=true
elif [[ "$arg" == "--old" ]]; then
target=com
break
fi
done
@ -90,20 +88,19 @@ function updateIdeaPluginDownloadLink() {
fi
}
# target settings (-t com | -t vps)
case "$target" in
# default target settings
case "com" in
com)
SSH_HOST=sergeych@d.lynglang.com
SSH_PORT=22
ROOT=/bigstore/sergeych_pub/lyng
;;
vps)
SSH_HOST=sergeych@94.130.36.94
SSH_PORT=22
ROOT=/var/www/lynglang
SSH_HOST=sergeych@d.lynglang.com # host to deploy to
SSH_PORT=22 # ssh port on it
ROOT=/bigstore/sergeych_pub/lyng # directory to rsync to
;;
# com)
# SSH_HOST=vvk@front-01.neurodatalab.com
# ROOT=/home/vvk
# ;;
*)
echo "*** ERROR: unknown target '$target' (use -t com | -t vps)"
echo "*** ERROR: target not specified (use deploy com | dev)"
echo "*** stop"
exit 101
esac

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
# Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -19,15 +19,13 @@
set -e
archive=./lyng/build/distributions/lyng-jvm.zip
install_root="$HOME/bin/jlyng-jvm"
launcher="$install_root/lyng-jvm/bin/lyng"
root=./lyng/build/install/lyng-jvm/
./gradlew :lyng:jvmDistZip
mkdir -p ./distributables
cp "$archive" ./distributables/lyng-jvm.zip
rm -rf "$install_root" || true
rm "$HOME/bin/jlyng" 2>/dev/null || true
mkdir -p "$install_root"
unzip -q ./distributables/lyng-jvm.zip -d "$install_root"
ln -s "$launcher" "$HOME/bin/jlyng"
./gradlew :lyng:installJvmDist
#strip $file
#upx $file
rm -rf ~/bin/jlyng-jvm || true
rm ~/bin/jlyng 2>/dev/null || true
mkdir -p ~/bin/jlyng-jvm
cp -R $root ~/bin/jlyng-jvm
ln -s ~/bin/jlyng-jvm/lyng-jvm/bin/lyng ~/bin/jlyng

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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
# Bytecode Migration Plan (Archived)
Status: completed.
Historical reference:
- `notes/archive/bytecode_migration_plan.md` (full plan)
- `notes/archive/bytecode_migration_plan_completed.md` (summary)

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@ -4,13 +4,6 @@ It's an interface if the [Collection] that provides indexing access, like `array
Array therefore implements [Iterable] too. Well known implementations of `Array` are
[List] and [ImmutableList].
The language-level bracket syntax supports one or more selectors:
- `value[i]`
- `value[i, j]`
Concrete array-like types decide what selectors they accept. Built-in list-like arrays use one selector at a time; custom types such as matrices may interpret multiple selectors.
Array adds the following methods:
## Binary search

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@ -120,18 +120,17 @@ which is used in `toString`) and hex encoding:
## Members
| name | meaning | type |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------|---------------|
| `size` | size | Int |
| `decodeUtf8` | decode to String using UTF8 rules | Any |
| `+` | buffer concatenation | Any |
| `toMutable()` | create a mutable copy | MutableBuffer |
| `hex` | encode to hex strign | String |
| `Buffer.decodeHex(hexStr) | decode hex string | Buffer |
| `base64` | encode to base64 (url flavor) (2) | String |
| `base64std` | encode to base64 (default vocabulary, filling) | String |
| `Buffer.decodeBase64(str)` | decode base64 to new Buffer (2) | Buffer |
| `toBitInput()` | create bit input from a byte buffer (3) | |
| name | meaning | type |
|----------------------------|-----------------------------------------|---------------|
| `size` | size | Int |
| `decodeUtf8` | decode to String using UTF8 rules | Any |
| `+` | buffer concatenation | Any |
| `toMutable()` | create a mutable copy | MutableBuffer |
| `hex` | encode to hex strign | String |
| `Buffer.decodeHex(hexStr) | decode hex string | Buffer |
| `base64` | encode to base64 (url flavor) (2) | String |
| `Buffer.decodeBase64(str)` | decode base64 to new Buffer (2) | Buffer |
| `toBitInput()` | create bit input from a byte buffer (3) | |
(1)
: optimized implementation that override `Iterable` one

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@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
# Channel
A `Channel` is a **hot, bidirectional pipe** for passing values between concurrently running coroutines.
Unlike a [Flow], which is cold and replayed on every collection, a `Channel` is stateful: each value
sent is consumed by exactly one receiver.
Channels model the classic _producer / consumer_ pattern and are the right tool when:
- two or more coroutines need to exchange individual values at their own pace;
- you want back-pressure (rendezvous) or explicit buffering control;
- you need a push-based, hot data source (opposite of the pull-based, cold [Flow]).
## Constructors
```
Channel() // rendezvous — sender and receiver must meet
Channel(n: Int) // buffered — sender may run n items ahead of the receiver
Channel(Channel.UNLIMITED) // no limit on buffered items
```
**Rendezvous** (`Channel()`, capacity 0): `send` suspends until a matching `receive` is ready,
and vice-versa. This gives the tightest synchronisation and the smallest memory footprint.
**Buffered** (`Channel(n)`): `send` only suspends when the internal buffer is full. Allows the
producer to get up to _n_ items ahead of the consumer.
**Unlimited** (`Channel(Channel.UNLIMITED)`): `send` never suspends. Useful when the producer is
bursty and you do not want it blocked, but be careful not to grow the buffer without bound.
## Sending and receiving
```lyng
val ch = Channel() // rendezvous channel
val producer = launch {
ch.send("hello") // suspends until the receiver is ready
ch.send("world")
ch.close() // signal: no more values
}
val a = ch.receive() // suspends until "hello" arrives
val b = ch.receive() // suspends until "world" arrives
val c = ch.receive() // channel is closed and drained → null
assertEquals("hello", a)
assertEquals("world", b)
assertEquals(null, c)
```
`receive()` returns `null` when the channel is both **closed** _and_ **fully drained** — that is
the idiomatic loop termination condition:
```lyng
val ch = Channel(4)
launch {
for (i in 1..5) ch.send(i)
ch.close()
}
var item = ch.receive()
while (item != null) {
println(item)
item = ch.receive()
}
```
## Non-suspending poll
`tryReceive()` never suspends. It returns the next buffered value, or `null` if the buffer is
empty or the channel is closed.
```lyng
val ch = Channel(8)
ch.send(42)
println(ch.tryReceive()) // 42
println(ch.tryReceive()) // null — nothing buffered right now
```
Use `tryReceive` for _polling_ patterns where blocking would be unacceptable, for example when
combining channel checks with other work inside a coroutine loop.
## Closing a channel
`close()` marks the channel so that no further `send` calls are accepted. Any items already in the
buffer can still be received. Once the buffer is drained, `receive()` returns `null` and
`isClosedForReceive` becomes `true`.
```lyng
val ch = Channel(2)
ch.send(1)
ch.send(2)
ch.close()
assert(ch.isClosedForSend)
assert(!ch.isClosedForReceive) // still has 2 buffered items
ch.receive() // 1
ch.receive() // 2
assert(ch.isClosedForReceive) // drained
```
Calling `send` after `close()` throws `IllegalStateException`.
## Properties
| property | type | description |
|---------------------|--------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| `isClosedForSend` | `Bool` | `true` after `close()` is called |
| `isClosedForReceive`| `Bool` | `true` when closed _and_ every buffered item is consumed |
## Methods
| method | suspends | description |
|-----------------|----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `send(value)` | yes | send a value; suspends when buffer full (rendezvous: always until partner ready) |
| `receive()` | yes | receive next value; suspends when empty; returns `null` when closed + drained |
| `tryReceive()` | no | return next buffered value or `null`; never suspends |
| `close()` | no | signal end of production; existing buffer items are still receivable |
## Static constants
| constant | value | description |
|---------------------|------------------|-------------------------------------|
| `Channel.UNLIMITED` | `Int.MAX_VALUE` | capacity for an unlimited-buffer channel |
## Common patterns
### Producer / consumer
```lyng
val ch = Channel()
val results = []
val mu = Mutex()
val consumer = launch {
var item = ch.receive()
while (item != null) {
mu.withLock { results += item }
item = ch.receive()
}
}
launch {
for (i in 1..5) ch.send("msg:$i")
ch.close()
}.await()
consumer.await()
println(results)
```
### Fan-out: one channel, many consumers
```lyng
val ch = Channel(16)
// multiple consumers
val workers = (1..4).map { id ->
launch {
var task = ch.receive()
while (task != null) {
println("worker $id handles $task")
task = ch.receive()
}
}
}
// single producer
for (i in 1..20) ch.send(i)
ch.close()
workers.forEach { it.await() }
```
### Ping-pong between two coroutines
```lyng
val ping = Channel()
val pong = Channel()
launch {
repeat(3) {
val msg = ping.receive()
println("got: $msg → sending pong")
pong.send("pong")
}
}
repeat(3) {
ping.send("ping")
println(pong.receive())
}
```
## Channel vs Flow
| | [Flow] | Channel |
|---|---|---|
| **temperature** | cold (lazy) | hot (eager) |
| **replay** | every collector gets a fresh run | each item is consumed once |
| **consumers** | any number; each gets all items | one receiver per item |
| **back-pressure** | built-in via rendezvous | configurable (rendezvous / buffered / unlimited) |
| **typical use** | transform pipelines, sequences | producer–consumer, fan-out |
## See also
- [parallelism] — `launch`, `Deferred`, `Mutex`, `Flow`, and the full concurrency picture
- [Flow] — cold async sequences
[Flow]: parallelism.md#flow
[parallelism]: parallelism.md

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@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
# Complex Numbers (`lyng.complex`)
`lyng.complex` adds a pure-Lyng `Complex` type backed by `Real` components.
Import it when you want ordinary complex arithmetic:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
```
## Construction
Use any of these:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
val a = Complex(1.0, 2.0)
val b = complex(1.0, 2.0)
val c = 2.i
val d = 3.re
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
```
Convenience extensions:
- `Int.re`, `Real.re`: embed a real value into the complex plane
- `Int.i`, `Real.i`: create a pure imaginary value
- `cis(angle)`: shorthand for `cos(angle) + i sin(angle)`
## Core Operations
`Complex` supports:
- `+`
- `-`
- `*`
- `/`
- unary `-`
- `conjugate`
- `magnitude`
- `phase`
Mixed arithmetic with `Int` and `Real` is enabled through `lyng.operators`, so both sides work naturally:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(1.5, 2.0), 1.5 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(2.0, 2.0), 2.i + 2)
```
Mixed equality with built-in numeric types is intentionally not promised yet. Keep equality checks in the `Complex` domain for now.
## Transcendental Functions
For now, use member-style calls:
```lyng
import lyng.complex
val z = 1 + π.i
val w = z.exp()
val s = z.sin()
val r = z.sqrt()
```
This is deliberate. Lyng already has built-in top-level real-valued functions such as `exp(x)` and `sin(x)`, and imported modules do not currently replace those root bindings. So plain `exp(z)` is not yet the right extension mechanism for complex math.
## Design Scope
This module intentionally uses `Complex` with `Real` parts, not `Complex<T>`.
Reasons:
- the existing math runtime is `Real`-centric
- the operator interop registry works with concrete runtime classes
- transcendental functions (`exp`, `sin`, `ln`, `sqrt`) are defined over the `Real` math backend here
If Lyng later gets a more general numeric-trait or callable-overload registry, a generic algebraic `Complex<T>` can be revisited on firmer ground.

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@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Import it when you need decimal arithmetic that should not inherit `Real`'s bina
import lyng.decimal
```
## What `Decimal` Is For
## What `BigDecimal` Is For
Use `Decimal` when values are fundamentally decimal:
Use `BigDecimal` when values are fundamentally decimal:
- money
- human-entered quantities
@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ assertEquals("2.2", c.toStringExpanded())
The three forms mean different things:
- `1.d`: convert `Int -> Decimal`
- `2.2.d`: convert `Real -> Decimal`
- `1.d`: convert `Int -> BigDecimal`
- `2.2.d`: convert `Real -> BigDecimal`
- `"2.2".d`: parse exact decimal text
That distinction is intentional.
@ -67,36 +67,16 @@ The explicit factory methods are:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
Decimal.fromInt(10)
Decimal.fromReal(2.5)
Decimal.fromString("12.34")
BigDecimal.fromInt(10)
BigDecimal.fromReal(2.5)
BigDecimal.fromString("12.34")
```
These are equivalent to the conversion-property forms, but sometimes clearer in APIs or generated code.
## From Kotlin
If you already have an ionspin `BigDecimal` on the host side, the simplest supported way to create a Lyng `Decimal` is:
```kotlin
import com.ionspin.kotlin.bignum.decimal.BigDecimal
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.asFacade
import net.sergeych.lyng.newDecimal
val scope = EvalSession().getScope()
val decimal = scope.asFacade().newDecimal(BigDecimal.parseStringWithMode("12.34"))
```
Notes:
- `newDecimal(...)` loads `lyng.decimal` if needed
- it returns a real Lyng `Decimal` object instance
- this is the preferred Kotlin-side construction path when you already hold a host `BigDecimal`
## Core Operations
`Decimal` supports:
`BigDecimal` supports:
- `+`
- `-`
@ -135,7 +115,7 @@ assert(2 == 2.d)
assert(3 > 2.d)
```
Without this registration mechanism, only the cases directly implemented on the left-hand class would work. The bridge fills the gap for expressions such as `Int + Decimal` and `Real + Decimal`.
Without this registration mechanism, only the cases directly implemented on the left-hand class would work. The bridge fills the gap for expressions such as `Int + BigDecimal` and `Real + BigDecimal`.
See [OperatorInterop.md](OperatorInterop.md) for the generic mechanism behind that.
@ -166,17 +146,6 @@ assertEquals(2.9, "2.9".d.toReal())
Use `toReal()` only when you are willing to return to binary floating-point semantics.
## Non-Finite Checks
`Decimal` values are always finite, so these helpers exist for API symmetry with `Real` and always return `false`:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals(false, "2.9".d.isInfinite())
assertEquals(false, "2.9".d.isNaN())
```
## Division Context
Division is the operation where precision and rounding matter most.
@ -254,50 +223,6 @@ assertEquals("-0.12", withDecimalContext(2, DecimalRounding.HalfTowardsZero) { (
## Recommended Usage Rules
## Decimal With Stdlib Math Functions
Core math helpers such as `abs`, `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, `sin`, `exp`, `ln`, `sqrt`, `log10`, `log2`, and `pow`
now also accept `Decimal`.
Current behavior is intentionally split:
- exact decimal implementation:
- `abs(x)`
- `floor(x)`
- `ceil(x)`
- `round(x)`
- `pow(x, y)` when `x` is `Decimal` and `y` is an integral exponent
- temporary bridge through `Real`:
- `sin`, `cos`, `tan`
- `asin`, `acos`, `atan`
- `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`
- `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh`
- `exp`, `ln`, `log10`, `log2`
- `sqrt`
- `pow` for the remaining non-integral decimal exponent cases
The temporary bridge is:
```lyng
Decimal -> Real -> host math -> Decimal
```
This is a compatibility step, not the long-term design. Native decimal implementations will replace these bridge-based
paths over time.
Examples:
```lyng
import lyng.decimal
assertEquals("2.5", (abs("-2.5".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals("2", (floor("2.9".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
// Temporary Real bridge:
assertEquals((exp(1.25) as Real).d.toStringExpanded(), (exp("1.25".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
assertEquals((sqrt(2.0) as Real).d.toStringExpanded(), (sqrt("2".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded())
```
If you care about exact decimal source text:
```lyng

View File

@ -55,23 +55,6 @@ Here is the sample:
assertEquals( (1..3).joinToString { it * 10 }, "10 20 30")
>>> void
## joinAll
`joinAll()` is an `Iterable<Deferred>` helper that awaits every deferred in iteration order and returns a `List`
with the collected results.
val jobs = (1..4).map { n ->
launch { n * n }
}
assertEquals([1, 4, 9, 16], jobs.joinAll())
>>> void
Notes:
- it does not start any task by itself; it only awaits the deferreds already present in the iterable.
- awaiting happens in iteration order, so the result list keeps the same order as the input iterable.
- if any deferred fails or was cancelled, that `await()` error is propagated from `joinAll()`.
## `sum` and `sumOf`
These, again, does the thing:
@ -201,7 +184,6 @@ Search for the first element that satisfies the given predicate:
| sortedWith(comparator) | sort using a comparator that compares elements (1) |
| sortedBy(predicate) | sort by comparing results of the predicate function |
| joinToString(s,t) | convert iterable to string, see (2) |
| joinAll() | for `Iterable<Deferred>`, await all items in order and collect results to [List] |
| reversed() | create a list containing items from this in reverse order |
| shuffled() | create a list of shuffled elements |

View File

@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
# LaunchPool
`LaunchPool` is a bounded-concurrency task pool: you submit lambdas with `launch`, and the pool runs them using a fixed number of worker coroutines.
## Constructor
```
LaunchPool(maxWorkers, maxQueueSize = Channel.UNLIMITED)
```
| Parameter | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| `maxWorkers` | Maximum number of tasks that run in parallel. |
| `maxQueueSize` | Maximum number of tasks that may wait in the queue. When the queue is full, `launch` suspends the caller until space becomes available. Defaults to `Channel.UNLIMITED` (no bound). |
## Methods
### `launch(lambda): Deferred`
Schedules `lambda` for execution and returns a `Deferred` for its result.
- Suspends if the queue is full (`maxQueueSize` reached).
- Throws `IllegalStateException` if the pool is already closed or cancelled.
- Any exception thrown by `lambda` is captured in the returned `Deferred` and **does not escape the pool**.
```lyng
val pool = LaunchPool(4)
val d1 = pool.launch { computeSomething() }
val d2 = pool.launch { computeOther() }
pool.closeAndJoin()
println(d1.await())
println(d2.await())
```
### `closeAndJoin()`
Stops accepting new tasks and suspends until all queued and running tasks complete normally. After this call, any further `launch` throws `IllegalStateException`. Idempotent — safe to call multiple times.
### `cancel()`
Immediately closes the queue and cancels all worker coroutines. Queued but unstarted tasks are discarded. After this call, `launch` throws `IllegalStateException`. Idempotent.
### `cancelAndJoin()`
Like `cancel()`, but also suspends until all worker coroutines have stopped. Useful when you need to be sure no worker code is still running before proceeding. Idempotent.
## Exception handling
Exceptions from submitted lambdas are captured per-task in the returned `Deferred`. The pool itself continues running after a task failure:
```lyng
val pool = LaunchPool(2)
val good = pool.launch { 42 }
val bad = pool.launch { throw IllegalArgumentException("boom") }
pool.closeAndJoin()
assertEquals(42, good.await())
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException) { bad.await() }
```
## Bounded queue / back-pressure
When `maxQueueSize` is set, the producer suspends if the queue fills up, providing automatic back-pressure:
```lyng
// 1 worker, queue of 2 — producer can be at most 2 tasks ahead of what's running
val pool = LaunchPool(1, 2)
val d1 = pool.launch { delay(10); "a" }
val d2 = pool.launch { delay(10); "b" }
val d3 = pool.launch { delay(10); "c" } // suspends until d1 is picked up by the worker
pool.closeAndJoin()
```
## Collecting all results
`launch` returns a `Deferred`, so you can collect results with `joinAll()`:
```lyng
val pool = LaunchPool(4)
val jobs = (1..10).map { n -> pool.launch { n * n } }
pool.closeAndJoin()
val results = jobs.joinAll()
// results == [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
```
## Concurrency limit in practice
With `maxWorkers = 2`, at most 2 tasks run simultaneously regardless of how many are queued:
```lyng
val mu = Mutex()
var active = 0
var maxSeen = 0
val pool = LaunchPool(2)
(1..8).map {
pool.launch {
mu.withLock { active++; if (active > maxSeen) maxSeen = active }
delay(5)
mu.withLock { active-- }
}
}
pool.closeAndJoin()
assert(maxSeen <= 2)
```
## See also
- [parallelism.md](parallelism.md) — `launch`, `Deferred`, `Mutex`, `Channel`, and coroutine basics
- [Channel.md](Channel.md) — the underlying channel primitive used by `LaunchPool`

View File

@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
# Legacy Digest Functions (`lyng.legacy_digest`)
> ⚠️ **Security warning:** The functions in this module use cryptographically broken
> algorithms. Do **not** use them for passwords, digital signatures, integrity
> verification against adversarial tampering, or any other security-sensitive
> purpose. They exist solely for compatibility with legacy protocols and file
> formats that require specific hash values.
Import when you need to produce a SHA-1 digest for an existing protocol or format:
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
```
## `LegacyDigest` Object
### `sha1(data): String`
Computes the SHA-1 digest of `data` and returns it as a 40-character lowercase
hex string.
`data` can be:
| Type | Behaviour |
|----------|----------------------------------------|
| `String` | Encoded as UTF-8, then hashed |
| `Buffer` | Raw bytes hashed directly |
| anything | Falls back to `toString()` then UTF-8 |
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
// String input
val h = LegacyDigest.sha1("abc")
assertEquals("a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d", h)
// Empty string
assertEquals("da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", LegacyDigest.sha1(""))
```
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
import lyng.buffer
// Buffer input (raw bytes)
val buf = Buffer.decodeHex("616263") // 0x61 0x62 0x63 = "abc"
assertEquals("a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d", LegacyDigest.sha1(buf))
```
## Implementation Notes
- Pure Kotlin/KMP — no native libraries or extra dependencies.
- Follows FIPS 180-4.
- The output is always lowercase hex, never uppercase or binary.
## When to Use
Use `lyng.legacy_digest` only when an external system you cannot change requires
a SHA-1 value, for example:
- old git-style content addresses
- some OAuth 1.0 / HMAC-SHA1 signature schemes
- legacy file checksums defined in published specs
For any new design choose a current hash function (SHA-256 or better) once
Lyng adds a `lyng.digest` module.

View File

@ -30,13 +30,6 @@ There is a shortcut for the last:
__Important__ negative indexes works wherever indexes are used, e.g. in insertion and removal methods too.
The language also allows multi-selector indexing syntax such as `value[i, j]`, but `List` itself uses a single selector only:
- `list[index]` for one element
- `list[range]` for a slice copy
Multi-selector indexing is intended for custom indexers such as `Matrix`.
## Concatenation
You can concatenate lists or iterable objects:
@ -45,16 +38,6 @@ You can concatenate lists or iterable objects:
assert( [4,5] + (1..3) == [4, 5, 1, 2, 3])
>>> void
## Constructing lists
Besides literals, you can build a list by size using `List.fill`:
val squares = List.fill(5) { i -> i * i }
assertEquals([0, 1, 4, 9, 16], squares)
>>> void
`List.fill(size) { ... }` calls the block once for each index from `0` to `size - 1` and returns a new mutable list.
## Appending
To append to lists, use `+=` with elements, lists and any [Iterable] instances, but beware it will
@ -174,9 +157,6 @@ List could be sorted in place, just like [Collection] provide sorted copies, in
| `[index]` | get or set element at index | Int |
| `[Range]` | get slice of the array (copy) | Range |
| `+=` | append element(s) (2) | List or Obj |
| `List.fill(size, block)` | build a new list from indices `0..<size` | Int, Callable |
| `List.fill(size,capacity,block)` | same, pre-allocating capacity slots | Int, Int, Callable |
| `ensureCapacity(count)` | pre-allocate storage for at least `count` elements without reallocation (5) | Int |
| `sort()` | in-place sort, natural order | void |
| `sortBy(predicate)` | in-place sort bu `predicate` call result (3) | void |
| `sortWith(comparator)` | in-place sort using `comarator` function (4) | void |
@ -199,11 +179,6 @@ order, e.g. is same as `list.sortWith { a,b -> predicate(a) <=> predicate(b) }`
positive if first is greater, and zero if they are equal. For example, the equvalent comparator
for `sort()` will be `sort { a, b -> a <=> b }
(5)
: if the current capacity is already ≥ `count`, this is a no-op. Otherwise the internal storage
is reallocated to hold at least `count` elements. Use this before a bulk `+=` loop to avoid
repeated reallocations. `List.fill(size, capacity, block)` calls this automatically.
It inherits from [Iterable] too and thus all iterable methods are applicable to any list.
## Observable list hooks

View File

@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
# Matrix (`lyng.matrix`)
`lyng.matrix` adds dense immutable `Matrix` and `Vector` types for linear algebra.
Import it when you need matrix or vector arithmetic:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
```
## Construction
Create vectors from a flat list and matrices from nested row lists:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val v: Vector = vector([1, 2, 3])
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], v.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0]], m.toList())
```
Factory methods are also available:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val z: Vector = Vector.zeros(3)
val i: Matrix = Matrix.identity(3)
val m: Matrix = Matrix.zeros(2, 4)
```
All elements are standard double-precision numeric values internally.
## Shapes
Matrices may have any rectangular geometry:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(2, a.rows)
assertEquals(3, a.cols)
assertEquals([2, 3], a.shape)
assertEquals(false, a.isSquare)
```
Vectors expose:
- `size`
- `length` as an alias of `size`
## Matrix Operations
Supported matrix operations:
- `+` and `-` for element-wise matrix arithmetic
- `*` for matrix-matrix product
- `*` and `/` by a scalar
- `transpose()`
- `trace()`
- `rank()`
- `determinant()`
- `inverse()`
- `solve(rhs)` for `Vector` or `Matrix` right-hand sides
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
val b: Matrix = matrix([[7, 8], [9, 10], [11, 12]])
val product: Matrix = a * b
assertEquals([[58.0, 64.0], [139.0, 154.0]], product.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 4.0], [2.0, 5.0], [3.0, 6.0]], a.transpose().toList())
```
Inverse and solve:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[4, 7], [2, 6]])
val rhs: Vector = vector([1, 0])
val inv: Matrix = a.inverse()
val x: Vector = a.solve(rhs)
assert(abs(a.determinant() - 10.0) < 1e-9)
assert(abs(inv.get(0, 0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
assert(abs(x.get(0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
```
## Vector Operations
Supported vector operations:
- `+` and `-`
- scalar `*` and `/`
- `dot(other)`
- `norm()`
- `normalize()`
- `cross(other)` for 3D vectors
- `outer(other)` producing a matrix
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Vector = vector([1, 2, 3])
val b: Vector = vector([2, 0, 0])
assertEquals(2.0, a.dot(b))
assertEquals([0.2672612419124244, 0.5345224838248488, 0.8017837257372732], a.normalize().toList())
```
## Indexing and Slicing
`Matrix` supports both method-style indexing and bracket syntax.
Scalar access:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(6.0, m.get(1, 2))
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
```
Bracket indexing accepts two selectors: `[row, col]`.
Each selector may be either:
- an `Int`
- a `Range`
Examples:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
assertEquals(7.0, m[1, 2])
val columnSlice: Matrix = m[0..2, 2]
val topLeft: Matrix = m[0..1, 0..1]
val tail: Matrix = m[1.., 1..]
assertEquals([[3.0], [7.0], [11.0]], columnSlice.toList())
assertEquals([[1.0, 2.0], [5.0, 6.0]], topLeft.toList())
assertEquals([[6.0, 7.0, 8.0], [10.0, 11.0, 12.0]], tail.toList())
```
Shape rules:
- `m[Int, Int]` returns a `Real`
- `m[Range, Int]` returns an `Nx1` `Matrix`
- `m[Int, Range]` returns a `1xM` `Matrix`
- `m[Range, Range]` returns a submatrix
Open-ended ranges are supported:
- `m[..1, ..1]`
- `m[1.., 1..]`
- `m[.., 2]`
Stepped ranges are not supported in matrix slicing.
Slices currently return new matrices, not views.
## Rows and Columns
If you want plain lists instead of a sliced matrix:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals([4.0, 5.0, 6.0], a.row(1))
assertEquals([2.0, 5.0], a.column(1))
```
## Backend Notes
The matrix module uses a platform-specific backend where available and falls back to pure Kotlin where needed.
The public Lyng API stays the same across platforms.

View File

@ -454,43 +454,6 @@ Key rules and features:
- For arbitrary receivers, use casts: `(expr as Type).member(...)` or `(expr as? Type)?.member(...)`.
- Qualified access does not relax visibility.
### Receiver-stack lambdas
Qualified `this@Type` is also used outside inheritance when a lambda has multiple visible receivers.
This is common in DSL-style builders.
- `A & B` means one receiver value that implements both types.
- `context(A, B) C.()->R` means a receiver stack:
- primary `this` is `C`
- outer/context receivers are `A`, then `B`
- Unqualified lookup checks the primary receiver first.
- If the primary receiver does not define a member and several outer/context receivers do, Lyng reports a compile-time ambiguity. Use `this@Type` to select one explicitly.
Example:
```lyng
class Html { fun title() = "html" }
class Head { fun title() = "head" }
class Body
val block: context(Html, Head) Body.()->String = {
// title() // compile-time ambiguity: Html vs Head
this@Html.title()
}
```
Context receivers can also constrain extension functions. The extension is visible only when the required receiver is
already in the implicit receiver stack:
```lyng
class Tag { fun addText(text: String) { /* ... */ } }
context(Tag)
fun String.unaryPlus() {
this@Tag.addText(this)
}
```
- Field inheritance (`val`/`var`) and collisions
- Instance storage is kept per declaring class, internally disambiguated; unqualified read/write resolves to the first match in the resolution order (leftmost base).
- Qualified read/write (via `this@Type` or casts) targets the chosen ancestor’s storage.
@ -662,14 +625,10 @@ Unary operators are overloaded by defining methods with no arguments:
| Operator | Method Name |
| :--- | :--- |
| `+a` | `unaryPlus()` |
| `-a` | `negate()` |
| `!a` | `logicalNot()` |
| `~a` | `bitNot()` |
`unaryPlus()` is useful in DSL-style builders where `+"text"` should append text to
the current receiver. See [samples/html_builder_dsl.lyng](samples/html_builder_dsl.lyng).
### Assignment Operators
Assignment operators like `+=` first attempt to call a specific assignment method. If that method is not defined, they fall back to a combination of the binary operator and a regular assignment (e.g., `a = a + b`).
@ -1042,9 +1001,9 @@ Static fields can be accessed from static methods via the class qualifier:
assertEquals("bar", Test.getData() )
>>> void
# Extension members
# Extending classes
Sometimes an existing type or named singleton object is missing some particular functionality that can be _added to it_ without rewriting its inner logic and without using its private state. In this case, _extension members_ can be used.
It sometimes happen that the class is missing some particular functionality that can be _added to it_ without rewriting its inner logic and using its private state. In this case _extension members_ could be used.
## Extension methods
@ -1061,133 +1020,6 @@ For example, we want to create an extension method that would test if a value ca
assert( ! "5.2".isInteger() )
>>> void
Extension methods normally act like instance members. If declared as `static`, they are called on the type object itself:
```lyng
static fun List<T>.fill(size: Int, block: (Int)->T): List<T> { ... }
val tens = List.fill(5) { it * 10 }
```
## Extending singleton `object` declarations
Named singleton objects can also be extension receivers. Use the object name as the receiver type:
```lyng
object Config {
fun base() = "cfg"
}
fun Config.describe(value) {
this.base() + ":" + value.toString()
}
val Config.tag get() = this.base() + ":tag"
assertEquals("cfg:42", Config.describe(42))
assertEquals("cfg:tag", Config.tag)
```
This differs from extending a class in one important way:
- `fun Point.foo()` adds a member-like extension for all `Point` instances.
- `fun Config.foo()` adds a member-like extension only for the single named object `Config`.
The same rules still apply:
- Extensions on singleton objects are scope-isolated just like class extensions.
- They cannot access the object's `private` members.
- Inside the extension body, `this` is the singleton object itself.
## Extension indexers
Bracket syntax is just another form of member dispatch. When you write `value[i]` or `value[i] = x`, Lyng lowers it to `getAt(...)` and `putAt(...)`.
That means indexers can be extended in the same way as methods and properties.
### Extending indexers on classes
Use `override fun Type.getAt(...)` and `override fun Type.putAt(...)`:
```lyng
class BoxStore {
val data = {"name": "alice"}
}
override fun BoxStore.getAt(key: String): Object? {
data[key]
}
override fun BoxStore.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
data[key] = value
}
val store = BoxStore()
assertEquals("alice", store["name"])
store["name"] = "bob"
assertEquals("bob", store["name"])
```
As with other extension members, this does not modify the original class declaration. It adds indexer behavior only in the scope where the extension is visible.
### Extending indexers on singleton `object` declarations
Named singleton objects work the same way:
```lyng
object Storage
var storageData = {}
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? {
storageData[key]
}
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
storageData[key] = value
}
Storage["name"] = "alice"
val name: String? = Storage["name"]
assertEquals("alice", name)
```
This is the indexer equivalent of `fun Config.foo()`: the extension applies to that single named object, not to all instances of some class.
### Selector packing
Index syntax can contain more than one selector:
```lyng
value[i]
value[i, j]
```
The same packing rules still apply for extension indexers:
- `value[i]` calls `getAt(i)` or `putAt(i, value)`
- `value[i, j]` passes `[i, j]` as one list-like index object
- `value[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
So if you want multi-selector indexing, define the receiver to accept that packed index object.
### About types and generics
In practice, extension indexers are usually best declared with `Object?` for reads and `Object` for writes:
```lyng
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? { ... }
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) { ... }
```
Then use the expected type at the call site:
```lyng
val name: String? = Storage["name"]
```
Explicit generic arguments do not fit naturally onto `[]` syntax, so typed assignment on read is usually the clearest approach.
## Extension properties
Just like methods, you can extend existing classes with properties. These can be defined using simple initialization (for `val` only) or with custom accessors.
@ -1351,24 +1183,8 @@ collection's sugar won't work with it:
assertEquals("buzz", x[0])
>>> void
Multiple selectors are packed into one list index object:
val x = dynamic {
get {
if( it == [1, 2] ) "hit"
else null
}
}
assertEquals("hit", x[1, 2])
>>> void
So:
- `x[i]` passes `i`
- `x[i, j]` passes `[i, j]`
- `x[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
This is the same rule used by Kotlin-backed `getAt` / `putAt` indexers in embedding.
If you want dynamic to function like an array, create a [feature
request](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng/issues).
# Theory

View File

@ -160,15 +160,15 @@ import lyng.decimal
3 > 2.d
```
work naturally even though `Int` and `Real` themselves were not edited to know `Decimal`.
work naturally even though `Int` and `Real` themselves were not edited to know `BigDecimal`.
The shape is:
- `leftClass = Int` or `Real`
- `rightClass = Decimal`
- `commonClass = Decimal`
- convert built-ins into `Decimal`
- leave `Decimal` values unchanged
- `rightClass = BigDecimal`
- `commonClass = BigDecimal`
- convert built-ins into `BigDecimal`
- leave `BigDecimal` values unchanged
## Step-By-Step Pattern For Your Own Type

View File

@ -25,23 +25,6 @@ Exclusive end ranges are adopted from kotlin either:
assert(4 in r)
>>> void
Descending finite ranges are explicit too:
val r = 5 downTo 1
assert(r.isDescending)
assert(r.toList() == [5,4,3,2,1])
>>> void
Use `downUntil` when the lower bound should be excluded:
val r = 5 downUntil 1
assert(r.toList() == [5,4,3,2])
assert(1 !in r)
>>> void
This is explicit by design: `5..1` is not treated as a reverse range. It is an
ordinary ascending range with no values in it when iterated.
In any case, we can test an object to belong to using `in` and `!in` and
access limits:
@ -90,23 +73,6 @@ but
>>> 2
>>> void
Descending ranges work in `for` loops exactly the same way:
for( i in 3 downTo 1 )
println(i)
>>> 3
>>> 2
>>> 1
>>> void
And with an exclusive lower bound:
for( i in 3 downUntil 1 )
println(i)
>>> 3
>>> 2
>>> void
### Stepped ranges
Use `step` to change the iteration increment. The range bounds still define membership,
@ -114,18 +80,9 @@ so iteration ends when the next value is no longer in the range.
assert( [1,3,5] == (1..5 step 2).toList() )
assert( [1,3] == (1..<5 step 2).toList() )
assert( [5,3,1] == (5 downTo 1 step 2).toList() )
assert( ['a','c','e'] == ('a'..'e' step 2).toList() )
>>> void
Descending ranges still use a positive `step`; the direction comes from
`downTo` / `downUntil`:
assert( ['e','c','a'] == ('e' downTo 'a' step 2).toList() )
>>> void
A negative step with `downTo` / `downUntil` is invalid.
Real ranges require an explicit step:
assert( [0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0] == (0.0..1.0 step 0.25).toList() )
@ -140,7 +97,7 @@ Open-ended ranges require an explicit step to iterate:
You can use Char as both ends of the closed range:
val r = 'a'..'c'
val r = 'a' .. 'c'
assert( 'b' in r)
assert( 'e' !in r)
for( ch in r )
@ -162,7 +119,6 @@ Exclusive end char ranges are supported too:
|-----------------|------------------------------|---------------|
| contains(other) | used in `in` | Range, or Any |
| isEndInclusive | true for '..' | Bool |
| isDescending | true for `downTo`/`downUntil`| Bool |
| isOpen | at any end | Bool |
| isIntRange | both start and end are Int | Bool |
| step | explicit iteration step | Any? |

View File

@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ you can use it's class to ensure type:
|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| `.roundToInt()` | round to nearest int like round(x) | Int |
| `.toInt()` | convert integer part of real to `Int` dropping decimal part | Int |
| `.isInfinite()` | true when the value is `Infinity` or `-Infinity` | Bool |
| `.isNaN()` | true when the value is `NaN` | Bool |
| `.clamp(range)` | clamp value within range boundaries | Real |
| | | |
| | | |

View File

@ -64,18 +64,6 @@ Also, string indexing is Regex-aware, and works like `Regex.find` (_not findall!
assert( "cd" == ("abcdef"[ "c.".re ] as RegexMatch).value )
>>> void
Regex replacement is exposed on `String.replace` and `String.replaceFirst`:
assertEquals( "v#.#.#", "v1.2.3".replace( "\d+".re, "#" ) )
assertEquals( "v[1].[2].[3]", "v1.2.3".replace( "(\d+)".re ) { m -> "[" + m[1] + "]" } )
assertEquals( "year-04-08", "2026-04-08".replaceFirst( "\d+".re, "year" ) )
>>> void
When `replace` takes a plain `String`, it is treated literally, not as a regex pattern:
assertEquals( "a-b-c", "a.b.c".replace( ".", "-" ) )
>>> void
# Regex class reference

View File

@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# Lyng Language Reference for AI Agents (Current Compiler State)
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
Purpose: dense, implementation-first reference for generating valid Lyng code.
Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,Token,Compiler,Script,TypeDecl}.kt`, `lynglib/stdlib/lyng/root.lyng`, tests in `lynglib/src/commonTest` and `lynglib/src/jvmTest`.
@ -15,17 +13,15 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
## 2. Lexical Syntax
- Comments: `// line`, `/* block */`.
- Strings: `"..."` or `` `...` `` (supports escapes). Multiline string content is normalized by indentation logic.
- AI generation preference: use `"..."` by default, including multiline strings; `"` strings are also multiline-capable and should be preferred for ordinary code/doc/SQL text. Use backtick strings mainly when the content contains many double quotes and backticks would make the source clearer.
- Shared escapes: `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\\`, `\uXXXX` (4 hex digits).
- Delimiter escapes: `\"` inside `"..."`, ``\` `` inside `` `...` ``.
- Strings: `"..."` (supports escapes). Multiline string content is normalized by indentation logic.
- Supported escapes: `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\"`, `\\`, `\uXXXX` (4 hex digits).
- Unicode escapes use exactly 4 hex digits (for example: `"\u0416"` -> `Ж`).
- Unknown `\x` escapes in strings are preserved literally as two characters (`\` and `x`).
- String interpolation is supported:
- identifier form: `"$name"` or `` `$name` ``
- expression form: `"${expr}"` or `` `${expr}` ``
- escaped dollar: `"\$"`, `"$$"`, `` `\$` ``, and `` `$$` `` all produce literal `$`.
- `\\$x` means backslash + interpolated `x` in either delimiter form.
- identifier form: `"$name"`
- expression form: `"${expr}"`
- escaped dollar: `"\$"` and `"$$"` both produce literal `$`.
- `\\$x` means backslash + interpolated `x`.
- Per-file opt-out is supported via leading comment directive:
- `// feature: interpolation: off`
- with this directive, `$...` stays literal text.
@ -52,10 +48,8 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
- Range literals:
- inclusive: `a..b`
- exclusive end: `a..<b`
- descending inclusive: `a downTo b`
- descending exclusive end: `a downUntil b`
- open-ended forms are supported (`a..`, `..b`, `..`).
- optional step: `a..b step 2`, `a downTo b step 2`
- optional step: `a..b step 2`
- Lambda literal:
- with params: `{ x, y -> x + y }`
- implicit `it`: `{ it + 1 }`
@ -83,23 +77,16 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
## 4. Operators (implemented)
- Assignment: `=`, `+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `?=`.
- Logical: `||`, `&&`, unary `!`.
- Unary arithmetic/bitwise: unary `+`, unary `-`, `~`.
- Bitwise: `|`, `^`, `&`, `~`, shifts `<<`, `>>`.
- Equality/comparison: `==`, `!=`, `===`, `!==`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `<=>`, `=~`, `!~`.
- Type/containment: `is`, `!is`, `in`, `!in`, `as`, `as?`.
- Null-safe family:
- member access: `?.`
- safe index: `?[i]`, `?[i, j]`
- safe index: `?[i]`
- safe invoke: `?(...)`
- safe block invoke: `?{ ... }`
- elvis: `?:` and `??`.
- Increment/decrement: prefix and postfix `++`, `--`.
- Indexing syntax:
- single selector: `a[i]`
- multiple selectors: `a[i, j, k]`
- language-level indexing with multiple selectors is passed to `getAt`/`putAt` as one list-like index object, not as multiple method arguments.
- indexers can also be supplied by extension members, including named singleton `object` receivers via `override fun Storage.getAt(...)` / `putAt(...)`.
- example: `m[0..2, 2]`.
## 5. Declarations
- Variables:
@ -120,9 +107,6 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
- shorthand: `fun f(x) = expr`.
- generics: `fun f<T>(x: T): T`.
- extension functions: `fun Type.name(...) { ... }`.
- context-aware extension functions: `context(Tag) fun String.unaryPlus() { this@Tag.addText(this) }`.
- named singleton `object` declarations can be extension receivers too: `fun Config.describe(...) { ... }`, `val Config.tag get() = ...`.
- static extension functions are callable on the type object: `static fun List<T>.fill(...)` -> `List.fill(...)`.
- delegated callable: `fun f(...) by delegate`.
- Type aliases:
- `type Name = TypeExpr`
@ -138,9 +122,6 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
## 6. Control Flow
- `if` is expression-like.
- `compile if (cond) { ... } else { ... }` is a compile-time-only conditional.
- current condition grammar is restricted to `defined(NameOr.Package)`, `!`, `&&`, `||`, and parentheses.
- the untaken branch is skipped by the compiler and is not name-resolved or type-checked.
- `when(value) { ... }` supported.
- branch conditions support equality, `in`, `!in`, `is`, `!is`, and `nullable` predicate.
- `when { ... }` (subject-less) is currently not implemented.
@ -166,12 +147,7 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
- unions `A | B`
- intersections `A & B`
- function types `(A, B)->R` and receiver form `Receiver.(A)->R`
- receiver-stack function types via `context(A, B) Receiver.(P)->R`
- variadics in function type via ellipsis (`T...`)
- `A & B` means one value implementing both types.
- `context(A, B) Receiver.(P)->R` is different: it declares an ordered implicit-receiver stack where `Receiver` is primary `this`, then `A`, then `B`.
- Nested receiver lambdas keep outer receivers in scope; unqualified lookup prefers the innermost receiver, and `this@Type` can select an outer/context receiver explicitly.
- If the primary receiver does not provide a member and multiple outer/context receivers do, the lookup is a compile-time ambiguity and must be disambiguated with `this@Type`.
- Generics:
- type params on classes/functions/type aliases
- bounds via `:` with union/intersection expressions
@ -224,7 +200,6 @@ Primary sources used: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/{Parser,T
- Disambiguation helpers are supported:
- qualified this: `this@Base.member()`
- cast view: `(obj as Base).member()`
- In nested receiver lambdas, `this@Type` can target any receiver visible through the receiver stack, not just inheritance ancestors.
- On unknown receiver types, compiler allows only Object-safe members:
- `toString`, `toInspectString`, `let`, `also`, `apply`, `run`
- Other members require known receiver type or explicit cast.

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
# AI notes: publish JVM CLI updates with `bin/local_jrelease`
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
When a change affects the JVM CLI launcher used as `jlyng`, refresh the installed local distribution with:
```bash
bin/local_jrelease
```
Why:
- `jlyng` in this repo is installed from `~/bin/jlyng-jvm/lyng-jvm`, not directly from `lyng/build/install`.
- Manual copying from Gradle build output can leave the actual launcher on `PATH` stale.
- `bin/local_jrelease` rebuilds `lyng/build/distributions/lyng-jvm.zip`, reinstalls it under `~/bin/jlyng-jvm`, and recreates the `~/bin/jlyng` symlink.

View File

@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
# AI notes: heading levels must be consecutive
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
When editing repository documentation:
- Use heading levels in order: `#`, then `##`, then `###`, and so on.
- Do not skip levels, for example `#` directly to `###`.
- Keep the heading tree balanced inside each document; sibling sections should use the same level.
- If you add a subsection and the parent is `##`, the child must be `###`.

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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# AI notes: avoid Kotlin/Wasm invalid IR with suspend lambdas
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
## Do
- Prefer explicit `object : Statement()` with `override suspend fun execute(...)` when building compiler statements.
- Keep `Statement` objects non-lambda, especially in compiler hot paths like parsing/var declarations.

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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# Lyng Stdlib Reference for AI Agents (Compact)
[//]: # (excludeFromIndex)
Purpose: fast overview of what is available by default and what must be imported.
Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/stdlib/lyng/root.lyng`, `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/stdlib_included/observable_lyng.kt`.
@ -16,14 +14,7 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
- Assertions/tests: `assert`, `assertEquals`/`assertEqual`, `assertNotEquals`, `assertThrows`.
- Preconditions: `require`, `check`.
- Async/concurrency: `launch`, `yield`, `flow`, `delay`.
- `Deferred.cancel()` cancels an active task.
- `Deferred.await()` throws `CancellationException` if that task was cancelled.
- `Iterable<Deferred>.joinAll()` awaits every deferred in iteration order and returns a `List` of results.
- Math: `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, `sin`, `cos`, `tan`, `asin`, `acos`, `atan`, `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`, `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh`, `exp`, `ln`, `log10`, `log2`, `pow`, `sqrt`, `abs`, `clamp`.
- These helpers also accept `lyng.decimal.Decimal`.
- Exact Decimal path today: `abs`, `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, and `pow` with integral exponent.
- Temporary Decimal path for the rest: convert `Decimal -> Real`, compute, then convert back to `Decimal`.
- Treat that bridge as temporary; prefer native Decimal implementations when they become available.
## 3. Core Global Constants/Types
- Values: `Unset`, `π`.
@ -31,14 +22,13 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
- Collections/types: `Iterable`, `Iterator`, `Collection`, `Array`, `List`, `ImmutableList`, `Set`, `ImmutableSet`, `Map`, `ImmutableMap`, `MapEntry`, `Range`, `RingBuffer`.
- Random: singleton `Random` and class `SeededRandom`.
- Async types: `Deferred`, `CompletableDeferred`, `Mutex`, `Flow`, `FlowBuilder`.
- Async exception: `CancellationException`.
- Delegation types: `Delegate`, `DelegateContext`.
- Regex types: `Regex`, `RegexMatch`.
- Also present: `Math.PI` namespace constant.
## 4. `lyng.stdlib` Module Surface (from `root.lyng`)
### 4.1 Extern class declarations
- Exceptions/delegation base: `Exception`, `CancellationException`, `IllegalArgumentException`, `NotImplementedException`, `Delegate`.
- Exceptions/delegation base: `Exception`, `IllegalArgumentException`, `NotImplementedException`, `Delegate`.
- Collections and iterables: `Iterable<T>`, `Iterator<T>`, `Collection<T>`, `Array<T>`, `List<T>`, `ImmutableList<T>`, `Set<T>`, `ImmutableSet<T>`, `Map<K,V>`, `ImmutableMap<K,V>`, `MapEntry<K,V>`, `RingBuffer<T>`.
- Host iterator bridge: `KotlinIterator<T>`.
- Random APIs: `extern object Random`, `extern class SeededRandom`.
@ -47,8 +37,7 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
- Iteration/filtering: `forEach`, `filter`, `filterFlow`, `filterNotNull`, `filterFlowNotNull`, `drop`, `dropLast`, `takeLast`.
- Search/predicates: `findFirst`, `findFirstOrNull`, `any`, `all`, `count`, `first`, `last`.
- Mapping/aggregation: `map`, `flatMap`, `flatten`, `sum`, `sumOf`, `minOf`, `maxOf`.
- Ordering and list building: `sorted`, `sortedBy`, `shuffled`, `List.sort`, `List.sortBy`, `List.fill`.
- `List.fill(size) { index -> ... }` constructs a new `List<T>` by evaluating the block once per index from `0` to `size - 1`.
- Ordering: `sorted`, `sortedBy`, `shuffled`, `List.sort`, `List.sortBy`.
- String helper: `joinToString`, `String.re`.
### 4.3 Delegation helpers
@ -67,39 +56,20 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
## 5. Additional Built-in Modules (import explicitly)
- `import lyng.observable`
- `Observable`, `Subscription`, `ObservableList`, `ListChange` and change subtypes, `ChangeRejectionException`.
- `import lyng.decimal`
- `Decimal`, `DecimalContext`, `DecimalRounding`, `withDecimalContext(...)`.
- Kotlin host helper: `ScopeFacade.newDecimal(BigDecimal)` wraps an ionspin host decimal as a Lyng `Decimal`.
- `import lyng.complex`
- `Complex`, `complex(re, im)`, `cis(angle)`, and numeric embedding extensions such as `2.i` / `3.re`.
- `import lyng.matrix`
- `Matrix`, `Vector`, `matrix(rows)`, `vector(values)`, dense linear algebra, inversion, solving, and matrix slicing with `m[row, col]`.
- `import lyng.buffer`
- `Buffer`, `MutableBuffer`.
- `import lyng.legacy_digest`
- `LegacyDigest.sha1(data): String` — SHA-1 hex digest; `data` may be `String` (UTF-8) or `Buffer` (raw bytes).
- ⚠️ Cryptographically broken. Use only for legacy protocol / file-format compatibility.
- `import lyng.serialization`
- `Lynon` serialization utilities.
- `import lyng.time`
- `Instant`, `Date`, `DateTime`, `Duration`, and module `delay`.
- `Instant`, `DateTime`, `Duration`, and module `delay`.
## 6. Optional (lyngio) Modules
Requires installing `lyngio` into the import manager from host code.
- `import lyng.io.fs` (filesystem `Path` API)
- `import lyng.io.process` (process execution API)
- `import lyng.io.console` (console capabilities, geometry, ANSI/output, events)
- `import lyng.io.http` (HTTP/HTTPS client API)
- `import lyng.io.http.server` (minimal HTTP/1.1 and WebSocket server API)
- `import lyng.io.ws` (WebSocket client API; currently supported on JVM, capability-gated elsewhere)
- `import lyng.io.net` (TCP/UDP transport API; currently supported on JVM, capability-gated elsewhere)
- `import lyng.io.html` (pure Lyng HTML builder DSL: `html { body { h3 { +"text" } } }`)
- Shared network value-type packages are also available when installed by host code:
- `import lyng.io.http.types` (`HttpHeaders`)
- `import lyng.io.ws.types` (`WsMessage`)
- `import lyng.io.net.types` (`IpVersion`, `SocketAddress`, `Datagram`)
## 7. AI Generation Tips
- Assume `lyng.stdlib` APIs exist in regular script contexts.
- For platform-sensitive code (`fs`, `process`, `console`, `http`, `ws`, `net`), gate assumptions and mention required module install.
- For platform-sensitive code (`fs`, `process`, `console`), gate assumptions and mention required module install.
- Prefer extension-method style (`items.filter { ... }`) and standard scope helpers (`let`/`also`/`apply`/`run`).

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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
# Some resources to download
## Lync CLI tool
- [lyng-linuxX64.zip](/distributables/lyng-linuxX64.zip) CLI tool for linuxX64: nodependencies, small monolith executable binary.
- [lyng-jvm.zip](/distributables/lyng-jvm.zip) JVM CLI distribution: download, unpack, and run `lyng-jvm/bin/lyng`.
## IDE plugins
- [lyng-textmate.zip](../../lyng/distributables/lyng-textmate.zip) Texmate-compatible bundle with syntax coloring (could be outdated)
- [lyng-idea-0.0.5-SNAPSHOT.zip](/distributables/lyng-idea-0.0.5-SNAPSHOT.zip) - plugin for IntelliJ-compatible IDE

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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# Embedding Lyng in your Kotlin project
[//]: # (topMenu)
Lyng is a tiny, embeddable, Kotlin‑first scripting language. This page shows, step by step, how to:
- add Lyng to your build
@ -38,60 +36,21 @@ dependencies {
If you use Kotlin Multiplatform, add the dependency in the `commonMain` source set (and platform‑specific sets if you need platform APIs).
### 2) Preferred runtime: `EvalSession`
### 2) Create a runtime (Scope) and execute scripts
For host applications, prefer `EvalSession` as the main way to run scripts.
It owns one reusable Lyng scope, serializes `eval(...)` calls, and governs coroutines started from Lyng `launch { ... }`.
Main entrypoints:
- `session.eval(code)` / `session.eval(source)`
- `session.getScope()` when you need low-level binding APIs
- `session.cancel()` to cancel active session-owned coroutines
- `session.join()` to wait for active session-owned coroutines
```kotlin
fun main() = kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession()
// Evaluate a one‑liner
val result = session.eval("1 + 2 * 3")
println("Lyng result: $result") // ObjReal/ObjInt etc.
// Optional lifecycle management
session.join()
}
```
The session creates its underlying scope lazily. If you need raw low-level APIs, get the scope explicitly:
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
```
Use `cancel()` / `join()` to govern async work started by scripts:
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
session.eval("""launch { delay(1000); println("done") }""")
session.cancel()
session.join()
```
### 2.1) Low-level runtime: `Scope`
Use `Scope` directly when you intentionally want lower-level control.
The easiest way to get a ready‑to‑use scope with standard packages is via `Script.newScope()`.
```kotlin
fun main() = kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking {
val scope = Script.newScope() // suspends on first init
// Evaluate a one‑liner
val result = scope.eval("1 + 2 * 3")
println("Lyng result: $result")
println("Lyng result: $result") // ObjReal/ObjInt etc.
}
```
You can also pre‑compile a script and execute it multiple times on the same scope:
You can also pre‑compile a script and execute it multiple times:
```kotlin
val script = Compiler.compile("""
@ -104,8 +63,7 @@ val run1 = script.execute(scope)
val run2 = script.execute(scope)
```
`Scope.eval("...")` is the low-level shortcut that compiles and executes on the given scope.
For most embedding use cases, prefer `session.eval("...")`.
`Scope.eval("...")` is a shortcut that compiles and executes on the given scope.
### 3) Preferred: bind extern globals from Kotlin
@ -127,8 +85,6 @@ import net.sergeych.lyng.bridge.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val im = Script.defaultImportManager.copy()
im.addPackage("my.api") { module ->
module.eval("""
@ -193,9 +149,6 @@ binder.bindGlobalFunRaw("echoRaw") { _, args ->
Use this when you intentionally want raw `Scope` APIs. For most module APIs, prefer section 3.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
// A function returning value
scope.addFn<ObjInt>("inc") {
val x = args.firstAndOnly() as ObjInt
@ -214,7 +167,7 @@ scope.addVoidFn("log") {
// }
// Call them from Lyng
session.eval("val y = inc(41); log('Answer:', y)")
scope.eval("val y = inc(41); log('Answer:', y)")
```
You can register multiple names (aliases) at once: `addFn<ObjInt>("inc", "increment") { ... }`.
@ -230,79 +183,11 @@ Scope-backed Kotlin lambdas receive a `ScopeFacade` (not a full `Scope`). For mi
If you truly need the full `Scope` (e.g., for low-level interop), use `requireScope()` explicitly.
### 4.5) Indexers from Kotlin: `getAt` and `putAt`
Lyng bracket syntax is dispatched through `getAt` and `putAt`.
That means:
- `x[i]` calls `getAt(index)`
- `x[i] = value` calls `putAt(index, value)` or `setAt(index, value)`
- field-like `x["name"]` also uses the same index path unless you expose a real field/property
For Kotlin-backed classes, bind indexers as ordinary methods named `getAt` and `putAt`:
```kotlin
moduleScope.eval("""
extern class Grid {
override fun getAt(index: List<Int>): Int
override fun putAt(index: List<Int>, value: Int): void
}
""".trimIndent())
moduleScope.bind("Grid") {
init { _ -> data = IntArray(4) }
addFun("getAt") {
val index = args.requiredArg<ObjList>(0)
val row = (index.list[0] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val col = (index.list[1] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val data = (thisObj as ObjInstance).data as IntArray
ObjInt.of(data[row * 2 + col].toLong())
}
addFun("putAt") {
val index = args.requiredArg<ObjList>(0)
val value = args.requiredArg<ObjInt>(1).value.toInt()
val row = (index.list[0] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val col = (index.list[1] as ObjInt).value.toInt()
val data = (thisObj as ObjInstance).data as IntArray
data[row * 2 + col] = value
ObjVoid
}
}
```
Usage from Lyng:
```lyng
val g = Grid()
g[0, 1] = 42
assertEquals(42, g[0, 1])
```
Important rule: multiple selectors inside brackets are packed into one index object.
So:
- `x[i]` passes `i`
- `x[i, j]` passes a `List` containing `[i, j]`
- `x[i, j, k]` passes `[i, j, k]`
This applies equally to:
- Kotlin-backed classes
- Lyng classes overriding `getAt`
- `dynamic { get { ... } set { ... } }`
If you want multi-axis slicing semantics, decode that list yourself in `getAt`.
### 5) Add Kotlin‑backed fields
If you need a simple field (with a value) instead of a computed property, use `createField`. This adds a field to the class that will be present in all its instances.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val myClass = ObjClass("MyClass")
// Add a read-only field (constant)
@ -330,8 +215,6 @@ println(instance.count) // -> 5
Properties in Lyng are pure accessors (getters and setters) and do not have automatic backing fields. You can add them to a class using `addProperty`.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val myClass = ObjClass("MyClass")
var internalValue: Long = 10
@ -498,9 +381,8 @@ For Kotlin code that needs dynamic access to Lyng variables, functions, or membe
It provides explicit, cached handles and predictable lookup rules.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("""
val scope = Script.newScope()
scope.eval("""
val x = 40
fun add(a, b) = a + b
class Box { var value = 1 }
@ -515,7 +397,7 @@ val x = resolver.resolveVal("x").get(scope)
val sum = (resolver as BridgeCallByName).callByName(scope, "add", Arguments(ObjInt(1), ObjInt(2)))
// Member access
val box = session.eval("Box()")
val box = scope.eval("Box()")
val valueHandle = resolver.resolveMemberVar(box, "value")
valueHandle.set(scope, ObjInt(10))
val value = valueHandle.get(scope)
@ -526,14 +408,12 @@ val value = valueHandle.get(scope)
The simplest approach: evaluate an expression that yields the value and convert it.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val kotlinAnswer = session.eval("(1 + 2) * 3").toKotlin(scope) // -> 9 (Int)
val kotlinAnswer = scope.eval("(1 + 2) * 3").toKotlin(scope) // -> 9 (Int)
// After scripts manipulate your vars:
scope.addOrUpdateItem("name", ObjString("Lyng"))
session.eval("name = name + ' rocks!'")
val kotlinName = session.eval("name").toKotlin(scope) // -> "Lyng rocks!"
scope.eval("name = name + ' rocks!'")
val kotlinName = scope.eval("name").toKotlin(scope) // -> "Lyng rocks!"
```
Advanced: you can also grab a variable record directly via `scope.get(name)` and work with its `Obj` value, but evaluating `"name"` is often clearer and enforces Lyng semantics consistently.
@ -546,20 +426,16 @@ There are two convenient patterns.
```kotlin
// Suppose Lyng defines: fun add(a, b) = a + b
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
scope.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
val sum = session.eval("add(20, 22)").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
val sum = scope.eval("add(20, 22)").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
```
2) Call a Lyng function by name via a prepared call scope:
```kotlin
// Ensure the function exists in the scope
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
session.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
scope.eval("fun add(a, b) = a + b")
// Look up the function object
val addFn = scope.get("add")!!.value as Statement
@ -590,8 +466,7 @@ Register a Kotlin‑built package:
import net.sergeych.lyng.bridge.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val scope = Script.newScope()
// Access the import manager behind this scope
val im: ImportManager = scope.importManager
@ -622,12 +497,12 @@ im.addPackage("my.tools") { module: ModuleScope ->
}
// Use it from Lyng
session.eval("""
scope.eval("""
import my.tools.*
val v = triple(14)
status = "busy"
""")
val v = session.eval("v").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
val v = scope.eval("v").toKotlin(scope) // -> 42
```
Register a package from Lyng source text:
@ -641,27 +516,24 @@ val pkgText = """
scope.importManager.addTextPackages(pkgText)
session.eval("""
scope.eval("""
import math.extra.*
val s = sqr(12)
""")
val s = session.eval("s").toKotlin(scope) // -> 144
val s = scope.eval("s").toKotlin(scope) // -> 144
```
You can also register from parsed `Source` instances via `addSourcePackages(source)`.
### 10) Executing from files, security, and isolation
- To run code from a file, read it and pass to `session.eval(text)` or compile with `Compiler.compile(Source(fileName, text))`.
- To run code from a file, read it and pass to `scope.eval(text)` or compile with `Compiler.compile(Source(fileName, text))`.
- `ImportManager` takes an optional `SecurityManager` if you need to restrict what packages or operations are available. By default, `Script.defaultImportManager` allows everything suitable for embedded use; clamp it down in sandboxed environments.
- For isolation, prefer a fresh `EvalSession()` per request. Use `Scope.new()` / `Script.newScope()` when you specifically need low-level raw scopes or modules.
- For isolation, create fresh modules/scopes via `Scope.new()` or `Script.newScope()` when you need a clean environment per request.
```kotlin
// Preferred per-request runtime:
val isolatedSession = EvalSession()
// Low-level fresh module based on the default manager, without the standard prelude:
val isolatedScope = net.sergeych.lyng.Scope.new()
// Fresh module based on the default manager, without the standard prelude
val isolated = net.sergeych.lyng.Scope.new()
```
### 11) Tips and troubleshooting
@ -696,11 +568,8 @@ To simplify handling these objects from Kotlin, several extension methods are pr
You can serialize Lyng exception objects using `Lynon` to transmit them across boundaries and then rethrow them.
```kotlin
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
try {
session.eval("throw MyUserException(404, \"Not Found\")")
scope.eval("throw MyUserException(404, \"Not Found\")")
} catch (e: ExecutionError) {
// 1. Serialize the Lyng exception object
val encoded: UByteArray = lynonEncodeAny(scope, e.errorObject)

View File

@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ See `docs/lyng_d_files.md` for `.lyng.d` syntax and examples.
- Alternatively, if/when the plugin is published to a marketplace, you will be able to install it
directly from the “Marketplace” tab (not yet available).
### [Download plugin v0.0.5-SNAPSHOT](https://lynglang.com/distributables/lyng-idea-0.0.5-SNAPSHOT.zip)
### [Download plugin v0.0.2-SNAPSHOT](https://lynglang.com/distributables/lyng-idea-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.zip)
Your ideas and bugreports are welcome on the [project gitea page](https://gitea.sergeych.net/SergeychWorks/lyng/issues)

View File

@ -1,32 +1,9 @@
# Json support
Lyng now has two distinct JSON-facing layers:
Since 1.0.5 we start adding JSON support. Versions 1,0,6* support serialization of the basic types, including lists and
maps, and simple classes. Multiple inheritance may produce incorrect results, it is work in progress.
- plain JSON projection:
- `Obj.toJson()`
- `Obj.toJsonString()`
- canonical JSON round-trip format:
- `Json.encode(value)`
- `Json.decode(text)`
- typed canonical JSON round-trip format:
- `Json.encodeAs(Type, value)`
- `Json.decodeAs(Type, text)`
Use the first when you need ordinary JSON for interop.
Use the second when you need Lyng value round-trip semantics through JSON text with no schema.
Use the third when both sides already know the Lyng type and you want the same round-trip semantics with fewer type
tags in the JSON.
This distinction is intentional:
- plain JSON projection is optimized for compatibility with ordinary JSON tooling
- canonical `Json.encode()` is optimized for semantic fidelity to Lyng and Lynon and stays self-describing
- typed canonical `Json.encodeAs()` is optimized for the same fidelity when the schema is provided externally
- these goals conflict for values such as sets, exceptions, singleton objects, buffers, and maps with non-string keys
## Plain JSON projection in Lyng
## Serialization in Lyng
// in lyng
assertEquals("{\"a\":1}", {a: 1}.toJsonString())
@ -43,8 +20,7 @@ Simple classes serialization is supported:
assertEquals( "{\"foo\":1,\"bar\":2}", Point(1,2).toJsonString() )
>>> void
Note that mutable members are serialized by default. You can exclude any member (including constructor parameters) from
JSON serialization using the `@Transient` attribute:
Note that mutable members are serialized by default. You can exclude any member (including constructor parameters) from JSON serialization using the `@Transient` attribute:
import lyng.serialization
@ -55,7 +31,7 @@ JSON serialization using the `@Transient` attribute:
assertEquals( "{\"bar\":2,\"visible\":100}", Point2(1,2).toJsonString() )
>>> void
Note that if you override plain JSON serialization:
Note that if you override json serialization:
import lyng.serialization
@ -70,8 +46,8 @@ Note that if you override plain JSON serialization:
assertEquals( "{\"custom\":true}", Point2(1,2).toJsonString() )
>>> void
Custom serialization of user classes is possible by overriding `toJsonObject`. It must return an object which is
serializable to JSON. Most often it is a map, but any object is accepted:
Custom serialization of user classes is possible by overriding `toJsonObject` method. It must return an object which is
serializable to Json. Most often it is a map, but any object is accepted, that makes it very flexible:
import lyng.serialization
@ -94,87 +70,12 @@ serializable to JSON. Most often it is a map, but any object is accepted:
Please note that `toJsonString` should be used to get serialized string representation of the object. Don't call
`toJsonObject` directly, it is not intended to be used outside the serialization library.
## Canonical Json round-trip format
`Json.encode()` and `Json.decode()` are now the JSON equivalents of `Lynon.encode()` and `Lynon.decode()`.
They still use JSON text, but they add Lyng-specific type tags where plain JSON would otherwise lose information.
When a map already fits ordinary JSON object rules, canonical JSON keeps that traditional object shape. In particular,
maps with string keys are still serialized as JSON objects, not as tagged entry lists.
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.serialization
import lyng.time
enum Color { Red, Green }
class Point(x,y) { var z = 42 }
val p = Point(1,2)
p.z = 99
val value = List(
p,
Map([1, "one"], ["two", 2]),
Set(1,2,3),
"hello".encodeUtf8(),
Date(2026,4,15),
Color.Green
)
assertEquals(value, Json.decode(Json.encode(value)))
```
The canonical `Json` format is intended for Lyng-to-Lyng transfer through JSON text.
The plain `toJson()` projection is intended for ordinary JSON interop.
Canonical `Json.encode()` should be read as the JSON analogue of `Lynon.encode()`: when Lynon already preserves a
Lyng distinction, canonical JSON tries to preserve it too, using tags only where ordinary JSON is insufficient.
## Typed canonical Json round-trip format
`Json.encodeAs(Type, value)` and `Json.decodeAs(Type, text)` use the same canonical rules, but with a declared target
type available during the whole traversal.
This changes one thing only: type tags may be omitted when the declared type is already exact enough to restore the
value unambiguously.
The same map rule still applies here: `Map<String, T>` stays a normal JSON object, while non-string-key maps fall back
to canonical entry encoding.
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.serialization
closed class Point(x: Int, y: Int)
closed class Segment(a: Point, b: Point)
val value = Segment(Point(0, 1), Point(2, 3))
val encoded = Json.encodeAs(Segment, value)
assertEquals("{\"a\":{\"x\":0,\"y\":1},\"b\":{\"x\":2,\"y\":3}}", encoded)
assertEquals(value, Json.decodeAs(Segment, encoded))
```
Subtype information is still preserved when the declared type is wider than the runtime one. For example, if a field is
declared as `Base` but contains `Derived`, canonical subtype tags remain in that field.
This is why the APIs are split:
- `toJson()` stays plain and interop-friendly
- `Json.encode()` stays fully self-describing and safe to decode without a schema
- `Json.encodeAs()` uses the supplied schema to reduce noise, but only where that schema is sufficient
## Kotlin side interfaces
The "Batteries included" principle is also applied to serialization.
- `Obj.toJson()` provides Kotlin `JsonElement` for the plain JSON projection
- `Obj.toJsonString()` provides plain JSON string representation
- `Obj.toJson()` provides Kotlin `JsonElement`
- `Obj.toJsonString()` provides Json string representation
- `Obj.decodeSerializableWith()` and `Obj.decodeSerializable()` allows to decode Lyng classes as Kotlin objects using
`kotlinx.serialization`:
@ -203,9 +104,10 @@ suspend inline fun <reified T> Obj.decodeSerializable(scope: Scope = Scope()) =
decodeSerializableWith<T>(serializer<T>(), scope)
```
Note that Lyng-to-Kotlin deserialization with `kotlinx.serialization` is based on the plain JSON projection,
not the canonical `Json.encode()` format. It uses `JsonElement` as the information carrier without formatting and
parsing actual JSON strings. This is why we use `Json.decodeFromJsonElement` instead of `Json.decodeFromString`.
Note that lyng-2-kotlin deserialization with `kotlinx.serialization` uses JsonElement as information carrier without
formatting and parsing actual Json strings. This is why we use `Json.decodeFromJsonElement` instead of
`Json.decodeFromString`. Such an approach gives satisfactory performance without writing and supporting custom
`kotlinx.serialization` codecs.
### Pitfall: JSON objects and Map<String, Any?>
@ -220,8 +122,7 @@ data class TestJson2(
@Test
fun deserializeMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
val session = EvalSession()
val x = session.eval("""
val x = eval("""
import lyng.serialization
{ value: 1, inner: { "foo": 1, "bar": 2 }}
""".trimIndent()).decodeSerializable<TestJson2>()
@ -232,8 +133,7 @@ fun deserializeMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
But what if your map has objects of different types? The approach of using polymorphism is partially applicable, but what to do with `{ one: 1, two: "two" }`?
The answer is simple: use `JsonObject` in your deserializable object. This class is capable of holding any JSON types
and structures:
The answer is pretty simple: use `JsonObject` in your deserializable object. This class is capable of holding any JSON types and structures and is sort of a silver bullet for such cases:
~~~kotlin
@Serializable
@ -243,8 +143,7 @@ data class TestJson3(
)
@Test
fun deserializeAnyMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
val session = EvalSession()
val x = session.eval("""
val x = eval("""
import lyng.serialization
{ value: 12, inner: { "foo": 1, "bar": "two" }}
""".trimIndent()).decodeSerializable<TestJson3>()
@ -253,71 +152,27 @@ fun deserializeAnyMapWithJsonTest() = runTest {
~~~
## Supported shapes
### Plain JSON projection
# List of supported types
| Lyng type | JSON type | notes |
|-----------|-----------|-------------|
| `Int` | number | |
| `Real` | number | finite values only as plain numbers |
| `Real` | number | |
| `String` | string | |
| `Bool` | boolean | |
| `null` | null | |
| `Instant` | string | ISO8601 (1) |
| `List` | array | (2) |
| `Map` | object | string keys only |
| simple class instance | object | constructor fields + mutable vars |
| enum | string | entry name |
| `Map` | object | (2) |
### Canonical `Json.encode`
This format can also round-trip:
- maps with non-string keys
- sets
- immutable collections
- buffers and bit buffers
- class instances
- singleton objects
- enums
- exceptions
- `Date`, `Instant`, `DateTime`
- non-finite reals
- `void`
### Typed canonical `Json.encodeAs`
This format round-trips the same value space as canonical `Json.encode`, but it can emit simpler JSON for:
- closed classes and other exactly-known class fields
- enums when the enum type is known
- typed collections whose element types are known
- nested object graphs where declared field types are precise
It still falls back to canonical tagged encoding when exact runtime type information would otherwise be lost.
It does so by adding Lyng-specific type tags only when necessary.
## Kotlin-side extension point for more formats
Additional formats can be exported from Kotlin modules by subclassing `ObjSerializationFormatClass` and registering the
format in module scope with `bindSerializationFormat(...)`.
```kotlin
module.bindSerializationFormat(
object : ObjSerializationFormatClass("MyFormat") {
override suspend fun encodeValue(scope: Scope, value: Obj): Obj = ...
override suspend fun decodeValue(scope: Scope, encoded: Obj): Obj = ...
}
)
```
This makes `MyFormat.encode(...)` and `MyFormat.decode(...)` available from Lyng after importing the module.
(1)
: ISO8601 flavor `1970-05-06T06:00:00.000Z` is used; number of fractional digits depends on truncation on
`Instant`, see `Instant.truncateTo...` functions.
: ISO8601 flavor 1970-05-06T06:00:00.000Z in used; number of fractional digits depends on the truncation
on [Instant](time.md), see `Instant.truncateTo...` functions.
(2)
: Lists may contain any values serializable by the selected JSON layer.
: List may contain any objects serializable to Json.
(3)
: Map keys must be strings, map values may be any objects serializable to Json.

View File

@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
#### Install in host
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
suspend fun initScope() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val scope = Script.newScope()
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, scope)
}
```

View File

@ -1,565 +0,0 @@
# lyng.io.db — SQL database access for Lyng scripts
This module provides the portable SQL database contract for Lyng. The current shipped providers are SQLite via `lyng.io.db.sqlite` and a JVM-only JDBC bridge via `lyng.io.db.jdbc`.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
---
## Install the module into a Lyng session
For SQLite-backed database access, install both the generic DB module and the SQLite provider:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
suspend fun bootstrapDb() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createDbModule(scope)
createSqliteModule(scope)
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
""".trimIndent())
}
```
`createSqliteModule(...)` also registers the `sqlite:` scheme for generic `openDatabase(...)`.
For JVM JDBC-backed access, install the JDBC provider as well:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
suspend fun bootstrapJdbc() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createDbModule(scope)
createJdbcModule(scope)
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
""".trimIndent())
}
```
`createJdbcModule(...)` registers `jdbc:`, `h2:`, `postgres:`, and `postgresql:` for `openDatabase(...)`.
---
## Using from Lyng scripts
Typed SQLite open helper:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
val userCount = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table user(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into user(name) values(?)", "Ada")
tx.execute("insert into user(name) values(?)", "Linus")
tx.select("select count(*) as count from user").toList()[0]["count"]
}
assertEquals(2, userCount)
```
Generic provider-based open:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openDatabase(
"sqlite:./app.db",
Map(
"foreignKeys" => true,
"busyTimeoutMillis" => 5000
)
)
```
JVM JDBC open with H2:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openH2("mem:demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")
val names = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table person(id bigint auto_increment primary key, name varchar(120) not null)")
tx.execute("insert into person(name) values(?)", "Ada")
tx.execute("insert into person(name) values(?)", "Linus")
tx.select("select name from person order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ada", names[0]["name"])
assertEquals("Linus", names[1]["name"])
```
Generic JDBC open through `openDatabase(...)`:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openDatabase(
"jdbc:h2:mem:demo2;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1",
Map()
)
val answer = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
```
PostgreSQL typed open:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
val db = openPostgres(
"jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/appdb",
"appuser",
"secret"
)
val titles = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists task(id bigserial primary key, title text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into task(title) values(?)", "Ship JDBC provider")
tx.execute("insert into task(title) values(?)", "Test PostgreSQL path")
tx.select("select title from task order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ship JDBC provider", titles[0]["title"])
```
Nested transactions use real savepoint semantics:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table item(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "outer")
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "inner")
throw IllegalStateException("rollback nested")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
}
assertEquals(1, tx.select("select count(*) as count from item").toList()[0]["count"])
}
```
Intentional rollback without treating it as a backend failure:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
assertThrows(RollbackException) {
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table item(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text not null)")
tx.execute("insert into item(name) values(?)", "temporary")
throw RollbackException("stop here")
}
}
```
---
## Runnable serialization sample
A complete runnable example is in [examples/sqlite_serialization.lyng](../examples/sqlite_serialization.lyng).
It uses:
- `@DbJson`
- `@DbLynon`
- `@DbExcept`
- `@cols(...)`, `@vals(...)`, `@set(...)`
- `decodeAs<T>()`
The current direct read form that works under `jlyng` is:
```lyng
tx.select("select * from item where id = ?", 1).decodeAs<Item>().first
```
If we want a shorter form such as:
```lyng
tx.selectAllAs<Item>("item where id = ?", 1).first
```
it should be added as a built-in `SqlTransaction` API. A pure Lyng generic wrapper around `decodeAs<T>()` does not currently preserve `T` reliably enough under `jlyng`.
---
## Portable API
### `Database`
- `transaction(block)` — opens a transaction, commits on normal exit, rolls back on uncaught failure.
### `SqlTransaction`
- `select(clause, params...)` — execute a statement whose primary result is a row set.
- `execute(clause, params...)` — execute a side-effect statement and return `ExecutionResult`.
- `transaction(block)` — nested transaction with real savepoint semantics.
`select(...)` and `execute(...)` also support SQL object-expansion macros for declaration-driven writes:
- `@cols(?1)` — expand object argument `?1` to a comma-separated column list
- `@vals(?1)` — expand object argument `?1` to matching placeholders and bind values
- `@set(?1)` — expand object argument `?1` to `column = ?` pairs and bind values
Each macro also supports an optional clause-local exclusion list:
```lyng
tx.execute("update item set @set(?1 except: \"id\", \"createdAt\") where id = ?2", item, item.id)
```
Example:
```lyng
tx.execute("insert into item(@cols(?1)) values(@vals(?1))", item)
tx.execute("update item set @set(?1) where id = ?2", item, item.id)
```
When a clause uses any of these macros, non-expanded scalar parameters in the same SQL string must use explicit indexed placeholders such as `?2`, `?3`, and so on.
### `ResultSet`
- `columns` — positional `SqlColumn` metadata, available before iteration.
- `size()` — result row count.
- `isEmpty()` — fast emptiness check where possible.
- `iterator()` — normal row iteration while the transaction is active.
- `toList()` — materialize detached `SqlRow` snapshots that may be used after the transaction ends.
- `decodeAs<T>()` — transaction-scoped iterable view that decodes each row into `T`.
### `SqlRow`
- `row[index]` — zero-based positional access.
- `row["columnName"]` — case-insensitive lookup by output column label.
- `row.decodeAs<T>()` — decode one row into a typed Lyng value.
Name-based access fails with `SqlUsageException` if the name is missing or ambiguous.
### `DbFieldAdapter`
Custom DB field projection hook used by `@DbDecodeWith(...)` and `@DbSerializeWith(...)`.
- `decode(rawValue, column, row, targetType)` — adapt one raw DB field value to a Lyng value for the requested target type.
- `encode(value, targetType)` — adapt one Lyng value to a direct DB-bindable value for SQL object expansion.
Use `@DbDecodeWith(adapter)` on class constructor parameters and class-body fields/properties that participate in `decodeAs<T>()`.
Use `@DbSerializeWith(adapter)` on constructor parameters and class-body fields/properties that participate in `@cols(...)`, `@vals(...)`, and `@set(...)` object expansion.
Annotation arguments are evaluated once when the declaration is created, and the resulting adapter instance is retained in declaration metadata.
### `ExecutionResult`
- `affectedRowsCount`
- `getGeneratedKeys()`
Statements that return rows directly, such as `... returning ...`, should use `select(...)`, not `execute(...)`.
---
## Value mapping
Portable bind values:
- `null`
- `Bool`
- `Int`, `Double`, `Decimal`
- `String`
- `Buffer`
- `Date`, `DateTime`, `Instant`
Unsupported parameter values fail with `SqlUsageException`.
SQL object-expansion write rules:
- constructor parameters participate in projection by declaration order
- matching serializable class-body fields/properties also participate
- `@Transient` fields are excluded automatically
- `@DbExcept` fields are excluded automatically
- `except:` excludes additional fields for one specific macro use
- direct DB-bindable values are written as-is
- `@DbJson` fields are encoded as canonical JSON text
- `@DbLynon` fields are encoded as Lynon binary
- `@DbSerializeWith(adapter)` fields are encoded through the adapter
- unannotated non-bindable object fields fail with `SqlUsageException`
Write-side encoding is intentionally explicit. The runtime does not try to infer target DB column types from SQL text or backend metadata during statement preparation.
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
class Payload(name: String, count: Int)
object TrimAdapter: DbFieldAdapter {
override fun encode(value, targetType) =
when(value) {
null -> null
else -> value.toString().trim()
}
}
class Item(
id: Int,
@DbSerializeWith(TrimAdapter) title: String,
@DbJson meta: Payload,
@DbLynon state: Payload
) {
var note: String = ""
@DbExcept var cache: String = ""
}
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
val restored = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute(
"create table item(id integer not null, title text not null, meta text not null, state blob not null, note text not null)"
)
val item = Item(1, " first ", Payload("json", 10), Payload("bin", 20))
item.note = "created"
item.cache = "not stored"
tx.execute("insert into item(@cols(?1)) values(@vals(?1))", item)
item.title = " second "
item.meta = Payload("json2", 11)
item.state = Payload("bin2", 21)
item.note = "updated"
tx.execute(
"update item set @set(?1 except: \"id\") where id = ?2",
item,
item.id
)
tx.select("select id, title, meta, state, note from item").decodeAs<Item>().first
}
assertEquals("second", restored.title)
assertEquals("json2", restored.meta.name)
assertEquals(21, restored.state.count)
assertEquals("updated", restored.note)
```
This example shows:
- `@DbSerializeWith(...)` trimming a string before write
- `@DbJson` storing structured data in a text column
- `@DbLynon` storing structured data in a binary column
- `@DbExcept` excluding a field from automatic projection
- `@set(... except: "id")` skipping one field for an update clause
- `decodeAs<Item>()` reconstructing the object on read
Portable result metadata categories:
- `Binary`
- `String`
- `Int`
- `Double`
- `Decimal`
- `Bool`
- `Date`
- `DateTime`
- `Instant`
Typed row decode rules:
- object/class targets map constructor parameters by column label, case-insensitively
- remaining matching serializable mutable fields are assigned after constructor call
- `@DbDecodeWith(adapter)` on a constructor parameter or class-body field/property takes precedence over built-in JSON/Lynon decoding
- `@DbDecodeWith(adapter)` must receive exactly one adapter instance implementing `DbFieldAdapter`
- adapter output must match the target member type or decoding fails with `SqlUsageException`
- missing required non-null constructor fields fail
- defaulted or nullable constructor fields may be omitted from the result
- extra result columns currently fail in strict mode
- if a row has exactly one column, that value may be decoded directly as the requested target type
- JSON-like native column types (`json`, `jsonb`) are decoded through typed canonical `Json` when the target type is not `String`
- binary columns are decoded through `Lynon` when the target type is not `Buffer`
- `Buffer` targets keep the raw binary payload without Lynon decoding
- plain text columns are not implicitly treated as JSON
For temporal types, see [time functions](time.md).
---
## SQLite provider
`lyng.io.db.sqlite` currently provides the first concrete backend.
Typed helper:
```lyng
openSqlite(
path: String,
readOnly: Bool = false,
createIfMissing: Bool = true,
foreignKeys: Bool = true,
busyTimeoutMillis: Int = 5000
): Database
```
Accepted generic URL forms:
- `sqlite::memory:`
- `sqlite:relative/path.db`
- `sqlite:/absolute/path.db`
Supported `openDatabase(..., extraParams)` keys for SQLite:
- `readOnly: Bool`
- `createIfMissing: Bool`
- `foreignKeys: Bool`
- `busyTimeoutMillis: Int`
SQLite write/read policy in v1:
- `Bool` writes as `0` / `1`
- `Decimal` writes as canonical text
- `Date` writes as `YYYY-MM-DD`
- `DateTime` writes as ISO local timestamp text without timezone
- `Instant` writes as ISO UTC timestamp text with explicit timezone marker
- `TIME*` values stay `String`
- `TIMESTAMP` / `DATETIME` reject timezone-bearing stored text
Open-time validation failures:
- malformed URL or bad option shape -> `IllegalArgumentException`
- runtime open failure -> `DatabaseException`
## JDBC provider
`lyng.io.db.jdbc` is currently implemented on the JVM target only. The `lyngio-jvm` artifact bundles and explicitly loads these JDBC drivers:
- SQLite
- H2
- PostgreSQL
Typed helpers:
```lyng
openJdbc(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
driverClass: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
openH2(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
openPostgres(
connectionUrl: String,
user: String? = null,
password: String? = null,
properties: Map<String, Object?>? = null
): Database
```
Accepted generic URL forms:
- `jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1`
- `h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1`
- `jdbc:postgresql://localhost/app`
- `postgres://localhost/app`
- `postgresql://localhost/app`
Supported `openDatabase(..., extraParams)` keys for JDBC:
- `driverClass: String`
- `user: String`
- `password: String`
- `properties: Map<String, Object?>`
Behavior notes for the JDBC bridge:
- the portable `Database` / `SqlTransaction` API stays the same as for SQLite
- nested transactions use JDBC savepoints
- JDBC connection properties are built from `user`, `password`, and `properties`
- `properties` values are stringified before being passed to JDBC
- statements with row-returning clauses still must use `select(...)`, not `execute(...)`
Platform support for this provider:
- `lyng.io.db.jdbc` — JVM only
- `openH2(...)` — works out of the box with `lyngio-jvm`
- `openPostgres(...)` — driver included, but an actual PostgreSQL server is still required
PostgreSQL-specific notes:
- `openPostgres(...)` accepts either a full JDBC URL or shorthand forms such as `//localhost/app`
- local peer/trust setups may use an empty password string
- generated keys work with PostgreSQL `bigserial` / identity columns through `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`
- for reproducible automated tests, prefer a disposable PostgreSQL instance such as Docker/Testcontainers instead of a long-lived shared server
---
## Lifetime rules
`ResultSet` is valid only while its owning transaction is active.
`SqlRow` values are detached snapshots once materialized, so this pattern is valid:
```lyng
val rows = db.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select name from person order by id").toList()
}
assertEquals("Ada", rows[0]["name"])
```
This means:
- do not keep `ResultSet` objects after the transaction block returns
- materialize rows with `toList()` inside the transaction when they must outlive it
- the iterable returned by `decodeAs<T>()` is also transaction-scoped
- decoded objects produced while iterating `decodeAs<T>()` are detached ordinary Lyng values
The same rule applies to generated keys from `ExecutionResult.getGeneratedKeys()`: the `ResultSet` is transaction-scoped, but rows returned by `toList()` are detached.
---
## Platform support
- `lyng.io.db` — generic contract, available when host code installs it
- `lyng.io.db.sqlite` — implemented on JVM and Linux Native in the current release tree
- `lyng.io.db.jdbc` — implemented on JVM in the current release tree
For the broader I/O overview, see [lyngio overview](lyngio.md).

View File

@ -39,27 +39,23 @@ This brings in:
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
#### Install the module into a Lyng Scope
The filesystem module is not installed automatically. The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`: create the session, get its underlying scope, install the module there, and execute scripts through the session. You can customize access control via `FsAccessPolicy`.
The filesystem module is not installed automatically. You must explicitly register it in the scope’s `ImportManager` using the installer. You can customize access control via `FsAccessPolicy`.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapFs() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
val installed: Boolean = createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
// installed == true on first registration in this ImportManager, false on repeats
val scope: Scope = Scope.new()
val installed: Boolean = createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
// installed == true on first registration in this ImportManager, false on repeats
// In scripts (or via session.eval), import the module to use its symbols:
session.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
}
// In scripts (or via scope.eval), import the module to use its symbols:
scope.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
```
You can install with a custom policy too (see Access policy below).
@ -189,7 +185,7 @@ val denyWrites = object : FsAccessPolicy {
}
createFs(denyWrites, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
scope.eval("import lyng.io.fs")
```
Composite operations like `copy` and `move` are checked as a set of primitives (e.g., `OpenRead(src)` + `Delete(dst)` if overwriting + `CreateFile(dst)` + `OpenWrite(dst)`).

View File

@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
# lyng.io.html
`lyng.io.html` provides a pure Lyng HTML builder DSL. It uses Lyng context
receiver extensions, so text can be appended with `+"text"` inside tag blocks
without global builder state.
Host code installs the package from `lyngio` with `createHtmlModule(...)`:
```kotlin
val scope = Script.newScope()
createHtmlModule(scope.importManager)
```
Lyng code can then import it:
```lyng
import lyng.io.html
val page = html {
head {
title { +"Demo" }
}
body {
nav {
a(href: "/") { +"Home" }
}
h3 { +"Heading 3" }
p {
attr("data-id", 123)
+"Text is escaped: <safe>"
}
img(src: "/logo.png", alt: "Logo")
}
}
```
`html { ... }` returns a `String` beginning with `<!doctype html>`.
## Escaping
Text appended with unary `+` is HTML-escaped:
```lyng
html {
body {
p { +"Text & <more>" }
}
}
```
produces:
```html
<!doctype html><html><body><p>Text &amp; &lt;more&gt;</p></body></html>
```
Attribute values are escaped with HTML attribute rules:
```lyng
p {
attr("data-x", "\"quoted\" & <tag>")
+"content"
}
```
Use `raw(...)` only for trusted markup:
```lyng
div {
raw("<span>already escaped or trusted</span>")
}
```
## Tag Helpers
Current tag helpers cover common structural tags (`head`, `body`, `main`,
`section`, `article`, `header`, `footer`, `nav`, `div`, `span`, `p`), headings
(`h1` through `h6`), lists (`ul`, `ol`, `li`), and text/code tags (`strong`,
`em`, `code`, `pre`, `script`, `style`).
```lyng
body {
main {
section {
h2 { +"News" }
p { +"First item" }
}
}
}
```
Common void tags are also available: `meta`, `link`, `img`, `br`, and `input`.
```lyng
head {
meta { attr("charset", "utf-8") }
link {
attr("rel", "stylesheet")
attr("href", "/site.css")
}
}
```
## Attributes
Use `attr(name, value)` inside a tag block to set an escaped attribute value.
`id(...)` and `classes(...)` are small aliases:
```lyng
div {
id("root")
classes("app shell")
}
```
Use `flag(name)` for boolean attributes:
```lyng
input {
attr("type", "checkbox")
flag("checked")
}
```
## Convenience Helpers
Convenience helpers include `metaCharset()`, `stylesheet(href)`,
`a(href) { ... }`, `img(src, alt)`, and `input(type, name, value)`.
```lyng
head {
metaCharset()
stylesheet("/site.css")
}
body {
nav {
a(href: "/home") { +"Home" }
}
img(src: "/logo.png", alt: "Logo & mark")
input(type: "hidden", name: "token", value: "abc")
}
```
## Generic Elements
Use `tag(name) { ... }` and `voidTag(name) { ... }` for elements that do not
have dedicated helpers yet:
```lyng
body {
tag("custom-element") {
flag("hidden")
+"Secret"
}
voidTag("source") {
attr("srcset", "/image.webp")
attr("type", "image/webp")
}
}
```
These helpers are intentionally simple escape hatches. Prefer a dedicated helper
when one exists because it can encode safer defaults and clearer parameter names.

View File

@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
# lyng.io.http — HTTP/HTTPS client for Lyng scripts
This module provides a compact HTTP client API for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and backed by Ktor on supported runtimes.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
>
> **Shared type note:** `HttpHeaders` is also available from `lyng.io.http.types` when host code wants the reusable value type without relying on the HTTP client module itself.
---
## Add the library to your project (Gradle)
If you use this repository as a multi-module project, add a dependency on `:lyngio`:
```kotlin
dependencies {
implementation("net.sergeych:lyngio:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT")
}
```
For external projects, ensure you also use the Lyng Maven repository described in `lyng.io.fs`.
---
## Install the module into a Lyng session
The HTTP module is not installed automatically. Install it into the session scope and provide a policy.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapHttp() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.http")
}
```
---
## Using from Lyng scripts
Simple GET:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTP_TEST_URL + "/hello")
[r.status, r.text()]
>>> [200,hello from test]
Headers and response header access:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTP_TEST_URL + "/headers")
[r.headers["X-Reply"], r.headers.getAll("X-Reply").size, r.text()]
>>> [one,2,header demo]
Programmatic request object:
import lyng.io.http
val q = HttpRequest()
q.method = "POST"
q.url = HTTP_TEST_URL + "/echo"
q.headers = Map("Content-Type" => "text/plain")
q.bodyText = "ping"
val r = Http.request(q)
r.text()
>>> "POST:ping"
HTTPS GET:
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get(HTTPS_TEST_URL + "/hello")
[r.status, r.text()]
>>> [200,hello from test]
---
## API reference
### `Http` (static methods)
- `isSupported(): Bool` — Whether HTTP client support is available on the current runtime.
- `request(req: HttpRequest): HttpResponse` — Execute a request described by a mutable request object.
- `get(url: String, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience GET request.
- `post(url: String, bodyText: String = "", contentType: String? = null, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience text POST request.
- `postBytes(url: String, body: Buffer, contentType: String? = null, headers...): HttpResponse` — Convenience binary POST request.
For convenience methods, `headers...` accepts:
- `MapEntry`, e.g. `"Accept" => "text/plain"`
- 2-item lists, e.g. `["Accept", "text/plain"]`
### `HttpRequest`
- `method: String`
- `url: String`
- `headers: Map<String, String>`
- `bodyText: String?`
- `bodyBytes: Buffer?`
- `timeoutMillis: Int?`
Only one of `bodyText` and `bodyBytes` should be set.
### `HttpResponse`
- `status: Int`
- `statusText: String`
- `headers: HttpHeaders`
- `text(): String`
- `bytes(): Buffer`
Response body decoding is cached inside the response object.
### `HttpHeaders`
`HttpHeaders` behaves like `Map<String, String>` for the first value of each header name and additionally exposes:
- `get(name: String): String?`
- `getAll(name: String): List<String>`
- `names(): List<String>`
Header lookup is case-insensitive.
---
## Security policy
The module uses `HttpAccessPolicy` to authorize requests before they are sent.
- `HttpAccessPolicy` — interface for custom policies
- `PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy` — allows all requests
- `HttpAccessOp.Request(method, url)` — operation checked by the policy
Example restricted policy in Kotlin:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessContext
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessDecision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.Decision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.HttpAccessOp
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.HttpAccessPolicy
val allowLocalOnly = object : HttpAccessPolicy {
override suspend fun check(op: HttpAccessOp, ctx: AccessContext): AccessDecision =
when (op) {
is HttpAccessOp.Request ->
if (
op.url.startsWith("http://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("https://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("http://localhost:") ||
op.url.startsWith("https://localhost:")
)
AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
else
AccessDecision(Decision.Deny, "only local HTTP/HTTPS requests are allowed")
}
}
```
---
## Platform support
- **JVM:** supported
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO client backend
- **JS:** supported via the Ktor JS client backend
- **Linux native:** supported via the Ktor Curl client backend
- **Windows native:** supported via the Ktor WinHttp client backend
- **Apple native:** supported via the Ktor Darwin client backend
- **Other targets:** may report unsupported; use `Http.isSupported()` before relying on it

View File

@ -1,446 +0,0 @@
# `lyng.io.http.server` - Minimal HTTP/1.1 And WebSocket Server
This module provides a small server-side HTTP API for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` on top of the existing TCP layer and is intended for embedded tools, local services, test fixtures, and lightweight app backends.
It supports:
- HTTP/1.1 request parsing
- keep-alive
- exact-path routing
- regex routing
- path-template routing with named parameters
- websocket upgrade and server-side sessions
It does not aim to replace a full reverse proxy. Typical deployment is behind nginx, Caddy, or another frontend that handles TLS and public-facing edge concerns.
> **Security note:** this module uses the same `NetAccessPolicy` capability model as raw TCP sockets. If scripts are allowed to listen on TCP, they can host an HTTP server.
## Install The Module Into A Lyng Session
Kotlin bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.server.createHttpServerModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapHttpServer() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createHttpServerModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.http.server")
}
```
## RequestContext Sugar
Route handlers use `RequestContext` as the receiver, so inside handlers you normally write direct calls such as:
- `jsonBody<T>()`
- `respondJson(...)`
- `respondHtml { ... }`
- `respondText(...)`
- `setHeader(...)`
- `request.path`
- `routeParams["id"]`
This keeps ordinary HTTP endpoints compact and avoids passing an explicit request or exchange parameter through every route lambda.
## HTML Response Sugar
Use `respondHtml { ... }` to render an HTML document with the `lyng.io.html` DSL and send it as `text/html; charset=utf-8`.
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
import lyng.io.html
val server = HttpServer()
server.get("/") {
respondHtml {
head {
title { +"Lyng status" }
}
body {
h3 { +"Service is running" }
p { +"Path: ${request.path}" }
}
}
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
Pass `code:` when the route should return a non-200 status:
```lyng
server.get("/accepted") {
respondHtml(code: 202) {
body { h3 { +"Accepted" } }
}
}
```
## JSON API Sugar
For ordinary JSON APIs, `RequestContext` includes two primary helpers:
- `jsonBody<T>()` decodes the request body with typed `Json.decodeAs(...)`
- `respondJson(body, status = 200)` sets JSON content type and responds with plain `toJsonString()`
These helpers intentionally use ordinary JSON projection for HTTP interop, not canonical `Json.encode(...)`.
### Typed JSON POST With Route Params
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
closed class CreateResultRequest(title: String, score: Int)
closed class CreateResultResponse(id: String, userId: String, title: String, score: Int)
val server = HttpServer()
server.postPath("/api/users/{userId}/results") {
val req = jsonBody<CreateResultRequest>()
if (req.title.isBlank()) {
respondJson({ error: "title must not be empty" }, 400)
return
}
respondJson(
CreateResultResponse("r-101", routeParams["userId"], req.title, req.score),
201
)
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
### JSON Response With Route Params
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
val server = HttpServer()
server.getPath("/api/users/{id}") {
respondJson({
id: routeParams["id"],
path: request.path,
ok: true
})
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
## Request And Route Data
`ServerRequest` exposes parsed HTTP request data:
- `method: String`
- `target: String`
- `path: String`
- `pathParts: List<String>`
- `queryString: String?`
- `query: Map<String, String>`
- `headers: HttpHeaders`
- `body: Buffer`
`RequestContext` exposes routing context and response controls:
- `request: ServerRequest`
- `routeMatch: RegexMatch?`
- `routeParams: Map<String, String>`
- `jsonBody<T>()`
- `respond(...)`
- `respondText(...)`
- `respondJson(body, status = 200)`
- `respondHtml(code: 200) { ... }`
- `setHeader(...)`
- `addHeader(...)`
- `acceptWebSocket(...)`
For exact routes, `routeMatch` is `null` and `routeParams` is empty.
For regex routes, `routeMatch` is set and `routeParams` is empty.
For path-template routes, both `routeMatch` and `routeParams` are set.
## Reusable Routers
`Router` collects the same route kinds as `HttpServer`, but does not listen on sockets by itself.
Mount it into `HttpServer` or another `Router`.
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
val api = Router()
api.get("/health") {
respondText(200, "ok")
}
val users = Router()
users.getPath("/users/{id}") {
respondJson({ id: routeParams["id"] })
}
api.mount(users)
val server = HttpServer()
server.mount(api)
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
Mounted routers reuse the built-in server router. They are configuration-time composition, not an extra per-request Lyng dispatch layer.
## WebSocket Routes
You can route websocket upgrades by exact path, regex, or path template.
```lyng
server.ws("/chat") { ws ->
ws.sendText("hello")
ws.close()
}
server.wsPath("/ws/{room}") { ws ->
ws.sendText("room=" + routeParams["room"])
ws.close()
}
```
A websocket handler runs only for requests that actually ask for websocket upgrade. Ordinary HTTP requests to the same path are not treated as websocket sessions.
### Choosing Between `ws(...)` And `acceptWebSocket(...)`
Use `server.ws(...)` or `server.wsPath(...)` when the route is always a websocket endpoint.
Use `acceptWebSocket(...)` inside a normal HTTP handler when the same route may inspect the request first and then decide whether to upgrade.
```lyng
server.get("/maybe-upgrade") {
if (!request.isWebSocketUpgrade()) {
respondText(400, "websocket upgrade required")
return
}
acceptWebSocket { ws ->
ws.sendText("connected")
ws.close()
}
}
```
### Reading Incoming Messages
Inside a websocket handler, call `ws.receive()` to wait for the next application message.
What `receive()` returns:
- `WsMessage` for the next text or binary message.
- `null` after the client sends a close frame.
- `null` after the socket is already closed and no more frames can arrive.
What reaches Lyng code:
- Text frames become `WsMessage(isText = true, text = ...)`.
- Binary frames become `WsMessage(isText = false, data = ...)`.
- Fragmented websocket messages are reassembled before they are returned.
- Ping and pong control frames are handled internally and do not appear in Lyng.
- A client close frame is answered by the server close handshake, then `receive()` returns `null`.
Typical server receive loop:
```lyng
import lyng.buffer
server.ws("/echo") { ws ->
while (true) {
val msg = ws.receive() ?: break
if (msg.isText) {
ws.sendText("echo:" + msg.text)
} else {
ws.sendBytes(msg.data as Buffer)
}
}
}
```
### Sending Outgoing Messages
Use:
- `ws.sendText(text)` for text messages.
- `ws.sendBytes(data)` for binary messages.
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.buffer
server.ws("/push") { ws ->
ws.sendText("ready")
ws.sendBytes(Buffer(1, 2, 3))
ws.close()
}
```
Send behavior:
- Each call sends one websocket message.
- The server API does not expose frame-by-frame streaming.
- Once the session is closed, send calls fail with a websocket error.
### What Happens When The Connection Closes
There are three practical cases:
1. The client closes first.
The runtime replies with a close frame, releases the socket, and `receive()` returns `null`.
2. Your handler closes first with `ws.close(...)`.
The runtime sends a close frame and releases the socket locally.
3. The transport disappears unexpectedly.
The session is released and no more messages can be received; subsequent sends fail.
What Lyng code should do:
- Treat `receive() == null` as end-of-session.
- Exit the handler or break the receive loop at that point.
- Do not keep sending after close has been observed.
The current server-side API does not expose the peer close code or close reason to Lyng.
### Closing The Connection Yourself
Call `ws.close()` when you want to terminate the websocket session.
```lyng
server.ws("/chat") { ws ->
ws.sendText("server shutting down")
ws.close(1000, "done")
}
```
Close semantics:
- `close()` sends a websocket close frame with the given code and reason.
- Defaults are `code = 1000` and `reason = ""`.
- `close()` is idempotent; calling it again after close does nothing.
- After local close, the session should be treated as unusable.
- After close, `isOpen()` becomes false and further sends fail.
### WebSocket Handler Pattern
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
val server = HttpServer()
server.wsPath("/rooms/{room}") { ws ->
val room = routeParams["room"] ?: "<unknown>"
ws.sendText("joined:" + room)
while (true) {
val msg = ws.receive() ?: break
if (msg.isText) {
ws.sendText(room + ":" + msg.text)
}
}
ws.close()
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
## Path-Template Routes
Path templates are sugar on top of regex routes. Template parameters are exposed as decoded `routeParams`.
```lyng
server.getPath("/users/{userId}/posts/{postId}") {
respondText(
200,
routeParams["userId"] + ":" + routeParams["postId"]
)
}
```
Template rules:
- template must start with `/`
- a segment is either literal text or `{name}`
- parameter names must be valid identifiers
- parameter values match one path segment only
- parameter values use path decoding rules:
- valid percent-encoding is decoded
- `+` stays `+`
- malformed `%` stays literal
## Regex Routes
Regex routes match the whole request path, not a substring.
```lyng
server.get("^/users/([0-9]+)/posts/([0-9]+)$".re) {
val m = routeMatch!!
respondText(200, "user=" + m[1] + ", post=" + m[2])
}
```
## Basic Exact Route
```lyng
import lyng.io.http.server
val server = HttpServer()
server.get("/hello") {
setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
respondText(200, "hello")
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")
```
## Route Precedence
Dispatch order is:
1. exact method route
2. exact `any` route
3. regex method route, registration order
4. regex `any` route, registration order
5. fallback
This means exact routes stay fast and always win over template or regex routes for the same path.
## API Surface
### `Router` Route Registration Methods
- `get(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `getPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `post(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `postPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `put(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `putPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `delete(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `deletePath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `any(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `anyPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `ws(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `wsPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `fallback(handler)`
- `mount(router)`
### `HttpServer` Route Registration Methods
- `get(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `getPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `post(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `postPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `put(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `putPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `delete(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `deletePath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `any(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `anyPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `ws(path: String|Regex, handler)`
- `wsPath(pathTemplate: String, handler)`
- `fallback(handler)`
- `mount(router)`
- `listen(port, host = null, backlog = 128)`

View File

@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
### lyng.io.net — TCP and UDP sockets for Lyng scripts
This module provides minimal raw transport networking for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and backed by Ktor sockets on the JVM and Linux Native, and by Node networking APIs on JS/Node runtimes.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
>
> **Shared type note:** `IpVersion`, `SocketAddress`, and `Datagram` are also available from `lyng.io.net.types` when host code wants reusable transport value types without depending on the `Net` capability object itself.
>
> **Important native platform limit:** current native TCP/UDP support is backed by a selector with a per-process file descriptor ceiling. On Linux/macOS native targets this makes high-connection-count servers and same-process load tests unsuitable once the process approaches that limit.
>
> **Recommendation:** for serious HTTP/TCP servers, prefer the JVM target today. On native targets, keep concurrency bounded, batch local load tests in waves, and use multiple worker processes behind a reverse proxy if you need more throughput before the backend is reworked.
>
> **Need this fixed?** Please open or upvote an issue at <https://github.com/sergeych/lyng/issues> so native high-concurrency networking can be prioritized.
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapNet() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.net")
}
```
---
#### Using from Lyng scripts
Capability checks and address resolution:
import lyng.io.net
val a: SocketAddress = Net.resolve("127.0.0.1", 4040)[0]
[Net.isSupported(), a.toString(), a.resolved, a.ipVersion == IpVersion.IPV4]
>>> [true,127.0.0.1:4040,true,true]
TCP client connect, write, read, and close:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", NET_TEST_TCP_PORT)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
val reply = (socket.read(16) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
socket.close()
reply
>>> "reply:ping"
Lyng TCP server socket operations with `tcpListen()` and `accept()`:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, "127.0.0.1")
val port = server.localAddress().port
val accepted = launch {
val client = server.accept()
val line = (client.read(4) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
client.writeUtf8("echo:" + line)
client.flush()
client.close()
server.close()
line
}
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
val reply = (socket.read(16) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
socket.close()
[accepted.await(), reply]
>>> [ping,echo:ping]
UDP bind, send, receive, and inspect sender address:
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.udpBind(0, "127.0.0.1")
val client = Net.udpBind(0, "127.0.0.1")
client.send(Buffer("ping"), "127.0.0.1", server.localAddress().port)
val d = server.receive()
client.close()
server.close()
[d.data.decodeUtf8(), d.address.port > 0]
>>> [ping,true]
---
#### API reference
##### `Net` (static methods)
- `isSupported(): Bool` — Whether any raw networking support is available.
- `isTcpAvailable(): Bool` — Whether outbound TCP sockets are available.
- `isTcpServerAvailable(): Bool` — Whether listening TCP server sockets are available.
- `isUdpAvailable(): Bool` — Whether UDP datagram sockets are available.
- `resolve(host: String, port: Int): List<SocketAddress>` — Resolve a host and port into concrete addresses.
- `tcpConnect(host: String, port: Int, timeoutMillis: Int? = null, noDelay: Bool = true): TcpSocket` — Open an outbound TCP socket.
- `tcpListen(port: Int, host: String? = null, backlog: Int = 128, reuseAddress: Bool = true): TcpServer` — Start a listening TCP server socket.
- `udpBind(port: Int = 0, host: String? = null, reuseAddress: Bool = true): UdpSocket` — Bind a UDP socket.
##### `SocketAddress`
- `host: String`
- `port: Int`
- `ipVersion: IpVersion`
- `resolved: Bool`
- `toString(): String`
##### `TcpSocket`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `remoteAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `read(maxBytes: Int = 65536): Buffer?`
- `readLine(): String?`
- `write(data: Buffer): void`
- `writeUtf8(text: String): void`
- `flush(): void`
- `close(): void`
##### `TcpServer`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `accept(): TcpSocket`
- `close(): void`
##### `UdpSocket`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `localAddress(): SocketAddress`
- `receive(maxBytes: Int = 65536): Datagram?`
- `send(data: Buffer, host: String, port: Int): void`
- `close(): void`
##### `Datagram`
- `data: Buffer`
- `address: SocketAddress`
---
#### Security policy
The module uses `NetAccessPolicy` to authorize network operations before they are executed.
- `NetAccessPolicy` — interface for custom policies
- `PermitAllNetAccessPolicy` — allows all network operations
- `NetAccessOp.Resolve(host, port)`
- `NetAccessOp.TcpConnect(host, port)`
- `NetAccessOp.TcpListen(host, port, backlog)`
- `NetAccessOp.UdpBind(host, port)`
---
#### Platform support
- **JVM:** supported
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO and Ktor sockets backends
- **JS/Node:** supported for `resolve`, TCP client/server, and UDP
- **JS/browser:** unsupported; capability checks report unavailable
- **Linux Native:** supported via Ktor sockets
- **Apple Native:** enabled via the shared native Ktor sockets backend; compile-verified, runtime not yet host-verified
- **Other native targets:** currently report unsupported; use capability checks before relying on raw sockets

View File

@ -20,26 +20,24 @@ For external projects, ensure you have the appropriate Maven repository configur
---
#### Install the module into a Lyng session
#### Install the module into a Lyng Scope
The process module is not installed automatically. The preferred host runtime is `EvalSession`: create the session, get its underlying scope, install the module there, and execute scripts through the session. You can customize access control via `ProcessAccessPolicy`.
The process module is not installed automatically. You must explicitly register it in the scope’s `ImportManager` using `createProcessModule`. You can customize access control via `ProcessAccessPolicy`.
Kotlin (host) bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapProcess() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
// ... inside a suspend function or runBlocking
val scope: Scope = Script.newScope()
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
// In scripts (or via session.eval), import the module:
session.eval("import lyng.io.process")
}
// In scripts (or via scope.eval), import the module:
scope.eval("import lyng.io.process")
```
---

View File

@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
# `lyng.io.ws` - WebSocket client for Lyng scripts
This module provides a compact WebSocket client API for Lyng scripts. It is implemented in `lyngio` and currently backed by Ktor WebSockets on the JVM.
> **Note:** `lyngio` is a separate library module. It must be explicitly added as a dependency to your host application and initialized in your Lyng scopes.
>
> **Shared type note:** `WsMessage` is also available from `lyng.io.ws.types` when host code wants the reusable message type without depending on the WebSocket client module itself.
## Install The Module Into A Lyng Session
Kotlin host bootstrap example:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
suspend fun bootstrapWs() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope: Scope = session.getScope()
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, scope)
session.eval("import lyng.io.ws")
}
```
## Using From Lyng Scripts
### Text Exchange
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_TEST_URL)
ws.sendText("ping")
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[ws.url() == WS_TEST_URL, m.isText, m.text]
>>> [true,true,echo:ping]
```
### Binary Exchange
```lyng
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_TEST_BINARY_URL)
ws.sendBytes(Buffer(9, 8, 7))
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[m.isText, (m.data as Buffer).hex]
>>> [false,010203090807]
```
### Secure `wss` Exchange
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WSS_TEST_URL)
ws.sendText("ping")
val m: WsMessage = ws.receive()
ws.close()
[ws.url() == WSS_TEST_URL, m.text]
>>> [true,secure:ping]
```
## Message Flow And Session Lifecycle
### Reading Incoming Messages
Call `ws.receive()` to wait for the next application message.
What `receive()` returns:
- `WsMessage` for the next text or binary message.
- `null` after the peer closes the connection cleanly.
- `null` after the transport has already been closed and no more messages can arrive.
What reaches Lyng code:
- Text frames are exposed as `WsMessage(isText = true, text = ...)`.
- Binary frames are exposed as `WsMessage(isText = false, data = ...)`.
- Fragmented websocket messages are reassembled before they are returned.
- Ping and pong control frames are handled internally and are not returned by `receive()`.
- Incoming close frames are handled internally; after that `receive()` returns `null`.
Typical receive loop:
```lyng
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_URL)
while (true) {
val msg = ws.receive() ?: break
if (msg.isText) {
println("text=" + msg.text)
} else {
println("bytes=" + ((msg.data as Buffer).size))
}
}
println("peer closed the websocket")
```
### Sending Outgoing Messages
Use:
- `ws.sendText(text)` for UTF-8 text messages.
- `ws.sendBytes(data)` for binary messages.
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_URL)
ws.sendText("hello")
ws.sendBytes(Buffer(1, 2, 3, 4))
```
Send behavior:
- Each call sends one websocket message.
- The API does not expose partial-frame streaming; send the whole message in one call.
- If the session is already closed, `sendText(...)` and `sendBytes(...)` fail with a websocket error.
- If the transport breaks during send, the session is released and the send call fails.
### Detecting Closed Connections
Use both signals together:
- `ws.isOpen()` tells you whether the session is still considered open right now.
- `ws.receive() == null` tells you the receive side has reached the end of the websocket session.
Practical rule:
- If `receive()` returns `null`, stop reading and treat the session as closed.
- After close has been observed, do not attempt further sends.
The API does not currently expose the peer close code or close reason to Lyng code.
### Closing The Connection Yourself
Call `ws.close()` when you are done.
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_URL)
ws.sendText("bye")
ws.close(1000, "done")
```
Close semantics:
- `close()` sends a websocket close frame with the given code and reason.
- Defaults are `code = 1000` and `reason = ""`.
- After `close()`, the session is released locally and should be treated as closed immediately.
- Calling `close()` on an already closed session is a no-op.
- After local close, `receive()` returns `null` and further sends fail.
### Recommended Usage Pattern
For request-response style exchanges:
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_URL)
try {
ws.sendText("ping")
val reply = ws.receive() ?: error("socket closed before reply")
println(reply.text)
} finally {
ws.close()
}
```
For long-lived consumers:
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect(WS_URL)
try {
while (true) {
val msg = ws.receive() ?: break
if (msg.isText) {
println(msg.text)
}
}
} finally {
ws.close()
}
```
## API Reference
### `Ws`
- `isSupported(): Bool` - whether WebSocket client support is available on the current runtime.
- `connect(url: String, headers...): WsSession` - open a client websocket session.
`headers...` accepts:
- `MapEntry`, for example `"Authorization" => "Bearer x"`
- 2-item lists, for example `["Authorization", "Bearer x"]`
### `WsSession`
- `isOpen(): Bool`
- `url(): String`
- `sendText(text: String): void`
- `sendBytes(data: Buffer): void`
- `receive(): WsMessage?`
- `close(code: Int = 1000, reason: String = ""): void`
Behavior summary:
- `receive()` returns `null` after close.
- `close()` is safe to call more than once.
- send operations require an open session.
### `WsMessage`
- `isText: Bool`
- `text: String?`
- `data: Buffer?`
Payload rules:
- Text messages populate `text` and leave `data == null`.
- Binary messages populate `data` and leave `text == null`.
## Security Policy
The module uses `WsAccessPolicy` to authorize websocket operations.
- `WsAccessPolicy` - interface for custom policies.
- `PermitAllWsAccessPolicy` - allows all websocket operations.
- `WsAccessOp.Connect(url)`
- `WsAccessOp.Send(url, bytes, isText)`
- `WsAccessOp.Receive(url)`
Example restricted policy in Kotlin:
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessContext
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.AccessDecision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.Decision
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.WsAccessOp
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.WsAccessPolicy
val allowLocalOnly = object : WsAccessPolicy {
override suspend fun check(op: WsAccessOp, ctx: AccessContext): AccessDecision =
when (op) {
is WsAccessOp.Connect ->
if (
op.url.startsWith("ws://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("wss://127.0.0.1:") ||
op.url.startsWith("ws://localhost:") ||
op.url.startsWith("wss://localhost:")
)
AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
else
AccessDecision(Decision.Deny, "only local ws/wss connections are allowed")
else -> AccessDecision(Decision.Allow)
}
}
```
## Platform Support
- **JVM:** supported.
- **Android:** supported via the Ktor CIO websocket client backend.
- **JS:** supported via the Ktor JS websocket client backend.
- **Linux native:** supported via the Ktor Curl websocket client backend.
- **Windows native:** supported via the Ktor WinHttp websocket client backend.
- **Apple native:** supported via the Ktor Darwin websocket client backend.
- **Other targets:** may report unsupported; use `Ws.isSupported()` before relying on websocket client access.

View File

@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
# Lyng CLI (`lyng`)
### Lyng CLI (`lyng`)
The Lyng CLI is the reference command-line tool for the Lyng language. It lets you:
- Run Lyng scripts from files or inline strings (shebangs accepted)
- Use standard argument passing (`ARGV`) to your scripts.
- Resolve local file imports from the executed script's directory tree.
- Format Lyng source files via the built-in `fmt` subcommand.
- Register synchronous process-exit handlers with `atExit(...)`.
## Building on Linux
#### Building on Linux
Requirements:
- JDK 17+ (for Gradle and the JVM distribution)
@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ The repository provides convenience scripts in `bin/` for local builds and insta
Note: In this repository the scripts are named `bin/local_release` and `bin/local_jrelease`. In some environments these may be aliased as `bin/release` and `bin/jrelease`. The steps below use the actual file names present here.
### Option A: Native linuxX64 executable (`lyng`)
##### Option A: Native linuxX64 executable (`lyng`)
1) Build the native binary:
@ -40,27 +38,26 @@ What this does:
- Produces `distributables/lyng-linuxX64.zip` containing the `lyng` executable.
### Option B: JVM distribution (`jlyng` launcher)
##### Option B: JVM distribution (`jlyng` launcher)
This creates a JVM distribution with a launcher script, packages it as a downloadable zip, and links it to `~/bin/jlyng`.
This creates a JVM distribution with a launcher script and links it to `~/bin/jlyng`.
```
bin/local_jrelease
```
What this does:
- Runs `./gradlew :lyng:jvmDistZip` to build the JVM app distribution archive at `lyng/build/distributions/lyng-jvm.zip`.
- Copies the archive to `distributables/lyng-jvm.zip`.
- Unpacks that distribution under `~/bin/jlyng-jvm`.
- Runs `./gradlew :lyng:installJvmDist` to build the JVM app distribution to `lyng/build/install/lyng-jvm`.
- Copies the distribution under `~/bin/jlyng-jvm`.
- Creates a symlink `~/bin/jlyng` pointing to the launcher script.
## Usage
#### Usage
Once installed, ensure `~/bin` is on your `PATH`. You can then use either the native `lyng` or the JVM `jlyng` launcher (both have the same CLI surface).
### Running scripts
##### Running scripts
- Run a script by file name and pass arguments to `ARGV`:
@ -75,7 +72,6 @@ lyng -- -my-script.lyng arg1 arg2
```
- Execute inline code with `-x/--execute` and pass positional args to `ARGV`:
- Inline execution does not scan the filesystem for local modules; only file-based execution does.
```
lyng -x "println(\"Hello\")" more args
@ -88,101 +84,7 @@ lyng --version
lyng --help
```
### Exit handlers: `atExit(...)`
The CLI exposes a CLI-only builtin:
```lyng
extern fun atExit(append: Bool=true, handler: ()->Void)
```
Use it to register synchronous cleanup handlers that should run when the CLI process is leaving.
Semantics:
- `append=true` appends the handler to the end of the queue.
- `append=false` inserts the handler at the front of the queue.
- Handlers run one by one.
- Exceptions thrown by a handler are ignored, and the next handler still runs.
- Handlers are best-effort and run on:
- normal script completion
- script failure
- script `exit(code)`
- process shutdown such as `SIGTERM`
Non-goals:
- `SIGKILL`, hard crashes, and power loss cannot be intercepted.
- `atExit` is currently a CLI feature only; it is not part of the general embedding/runtime surface.
Examples:
```lyng
atExit {
println("closing resources")
}
atExit(false) {
println("runs first")
}
```
### Local imports for file execution
When you execute a script file, the CLI builds a temporary local import manager rooted at the directory that contains the entry script.
Formal structure:
- Root directory: the parent directory of the script passed to `lyng`.
- Scan scope: every `.lyng` file under that root directory, recursively.
- Entry script: the executed file itself is not registered as an importable module.
- Module name mapping: `relative/path/to/file.lyng` maps to import name `relative.path.to.file`.
- Package declaration: if a scanned file starts with `package ...` as its first non-blank line, that package name must exactly match the relative path mapping.
- Package omission: if there is no leading `package` declaration, the CLI uses the relative path mapping as the module name.
- Duplicates: if two files resolve to the same module name, CLI execution fails before script execution starts.
- Import visibility: only files inside the entry root subtree are considered. Parent directories and sibling projects are not searched.
Examples:
```
project/
main.lyng
util/answer.lyng
math/add.lyng
```
`util/answer.lyng` is imported as `import util.answer`.
`math/add.lyng` is imported as `import math.add`.
Example contents:
```lyng
// util/answer.lyng
package util.answer
import math.add
fun answer() = plus(40, 2)
```
```lyng
// math/add.lyng
fun plus(a, b) = a + b
```
```lyng
// main.lyng
import util.answer
println(answer())
```
Rationale:
- The module name is deterministic from the filesystem layout.
- Explicit `package` remains available as a consistency check instead of a second, conflicting naming system.
- The import search space stays local to the executed script, which avoids accidental cross-project resolution.
## Use in shell scripts
### Use in shell scripts
Standard unix shebangs (`#!`) are supported, so you can make Lyng scripts directly executable on Unix-like systems. For example:
@ -190,7 +92,7 @@ Standard unix shebangs (`#!`) are supported, so you can make Lyng scripts direct
println("Hello, world!")
### Formatting source: `fmt` subcommand
##### Formatting source: `fmt` subcommand
Format Lyng files with the built-in formatter.
@ -232,7 +134,7 @@ lyng fmt --spacing --wrap src/file.lyng
```
## Notes
#### Notes
- Both native and JVM distributions expose the same CLI interface. Use whichever best fits your environment.
- When executing scripts, all positional arguments after the script name are available in Lyng as `ARGV`.

View File

@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
`lyngio` is a separate library that extends the Lyng core (`lynglib`) with powerful, multiplatform, and secure I/O capabilities.
> **Important native networking limit:** `lyng.io.net` on current native targets is suitable for modest workloads, local tools, and test servers, but not yet for high-connection-count production servers. For serious HTTP/TCP serving, prefer the JVM target for now. If native high-concurrency networking matters for your use case, please open or upvote an issue at <https://github.com/sergeych/lyng/issues>.
#### Why a separate module?
1. **Security:** I/O and process execution are sensitive operations. By keeping them in a separate module, we ensure that the Lyng core remains 100% safe by default. You only enable what you explicitly need.
@ -12,15 +10,9 @@
#### Included Modules
- **[lyng.io.db](lyng.io.db.md):** Portable SQL database access. Provides `Database`, `SqlTransaction`, `ResultSet`, SQLite support through `lyng.io.db.sqlite`, and JVM JDBC support through `lyng.io.db.jdbc`.
- **[lyng.io.fs](lyng.io.fs.md):** Async filesystem access. Provides the `Path` class for file/directory operations, streaming, and globbing.
- **[lyng.io.process](lyng.io.process.md):** External process execution and shell commands. Provides `Process`, `RunningProcess`, and `Platform` information.
- **[lyng.io.console](lyng.io.console.md):** Rich console/TTY access. Provides `Console` capability detection, geometry, output, and iterable events.
- **[lyng.io.http](lyng.io.http.md):** HTTP/HTTPS client access. Provides `Http`, `HttpRequest`, `HttpResponse`, and `HttpHeaders`.
- **[lyng.io.http.server](lyng.io.http.server.md):** Minimal HTTP/1.1 and WebSocket server. Provides `HttpServer`, `Router`, `ServerRequest`, `RequestContext`, and `ServerWebSocket`.
- **[lyng.io.ws](lyng.io.ws.md):** WebSocket client access. Provides `Ws`, `WsSession`, and `WsMessage`.
- **[lyng.io.net](lyng.io.net.md):** Transport networking. Provides `Net`, `TcpSocket`, `TcpServer`, `UdpSocket`, and `SocketAddress`.
- **Shared networking type packages:** `lyng.io.http.types`, `lyng.io.ws.types`, and `lyng.io.net.types` expose reusable value types such as `HttpHeaders`, `WsMessage`, `IpVersion`, `SocketAddress`, and `Datagram` when host code wants type-only imports without installing the corresponding capability object module.
---
@ -45,58 +37,31 @@ dependencies {
To use `lyngio` modules in your scripts, you must install them into your Lyng scope and provide a security policy.
```kotlin
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
suspend fun runMyScript() {
val session = EvalSession()
val scope = session.getScope()
val scope = Script.newScope()
// Install modules with policies
createDbModule(scope)
createJdbcModule(scope)
createSqliteModule(scope)
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, scope)
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, scope)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, scope)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, scope)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, scope)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, scope)
// Now scripts can import them
session.eval("""
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
scope.eval("""
import lyng.io.fs
import lyng.io.process
import lyng.io.console
import lyng.io.http
import lyng.io.net
import lyng.io.ws
println("H2 JDBC available: " + (openH2("mem:demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1") != null))
println("SQLite available: " + (openSqlite(":memory:") != null))
println("Working dir: " + Path(".").readUtf8())
println("OS: " + Platform.details().name)
println("TTY: " + Console.isTty())
println("HTTP available: " + Http.isSupported())
println("TCP available: " + Net.isTcpAvailable())
println("WS available: " + Ws.isSupported())
""")
}
```
@ -108,39 +73,23 @@ suspend fun runMyScript() {
`lyngio` is built with a "Secure by Default" philosophy. Every I/O or process operation is checked against a policy.
- **Filesystem Security:** Implement `FsAccessPolicy` to restrict access to specific paths or operations (e.g., read-only access to a sandbox directory).
- **Database Installation:** Database access is still explicit-capability style. The host must install `lyng.io.db` and at least one provider such as `lyng.io.db.sqlite` or `lyng.io.db.jdbc`; otherwise scripts cannot open databases.
- **Process Security:** Implement `ProcessAccessPolicy` to restrict which executables can be run or to disable shell execution entirely.
- **Console Security:** Implement `ConsoleAccessPolicy` to control output writes, event reads, and raw mode switching.
- **HTTP Security:** Implement `HttpAccessPolicy` to restrict which requests scripts may send.
- **Transport Security:** Implement `NetAccessPolicy` to restrict DNS resolution and TCP/UDP socket operations.
- **WebSocket Security:** Implement `WsAccessPolicy` to restrict websocket connects and message flow.
For more details, see the specific module documentation:
- [Database Module Details](lyng.io.db.md)
- [Filesystem Security Details](lyng.io.fs.md#access-policy-security)
- [Process Security Details](lyng.io.process.md#security-policy)
- [Console Module Details](lyng.io.console.md)
- [HTTP Module Details](lyng.io.http.md)
- [HTTP Server Module Details](lyng.io.http.server.md)
- [Transport Networking Details](lyng.io.net.md)
- [WebSocket Module Details](lyng.io.ws.md)
---
#### Platform Support Overview
| Platform | lyng.io.db/sqlite | lyng.io.db/jdbc | lyng.io.fs | lyng.io.process | lyng.io.console | lyng.io.http | lyng.io.ws | lyng.io.net |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **JVM** | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Linux Native** | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **Apple Native** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ⚠️ |
| **Windows Native** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| **Android** | ⚠️ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **JS / Node** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| **JS / Browser** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ (in-memory) | ❌ | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
| **Wasm** | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ (in-memory) | ❌ | ⚠️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Legend:
- `✅` supported
- `⚠️` available but environment-dependent or not fully host-verified yet
- `❌` unsupported
| Platform | lyng.io.fs | lyng.io.process | lyng.io.console |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **JVM** | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ (baseline) |
| **Native (Linux/macOS)** | ✅ | ✅ | 🚧 |
| **Native (Windows)** | ✅ | 🚧 (Planned) | 🚧 |
| **Android** | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| **NodeJS** | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| **Browser / Wasm** | ✅ (In-memory) | ❌ | ❌ |

View File

@ -60,13 +60,8 @@ but:
## Round and range
The following functions return the argument unchanged if it is `Int`.
For `Decimal`:
- `floor(x)`, `ceil(x)`, and `round(x)` currently use exact decimal operations
- the result stays `Decimal`
For `Real`, the result is a transformed `Real`.
The following functions return its argument if it is `Int`,
or transformed `Real` otherwise.
| name | description |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
@ -77,14 +72,6 @@ For `Real`, the result is a transformed `Real`.
## Lyng math functions
Decimal note:
- all scalar math helpers accept `Decimal`
- `abs(x)` stays exact for `Decimal`
- `pow(x, y)` is exact for `Decimal` when `y` is an integral exponent
- the remaining `Decimal` cases currently use a temporary bridge:
`Decimal -> Real -> host math -> Decimal`
- this is temporary; native decimal implementations are planned
| name | meaning |
|-----------|------------------------------------------------------|
| sin(x) | sine |
@ -104,7 +91,7 @@ Decimal note:
| log10(x) | $log_{10}(x)$ |
| pow(x, y) | ${x^y}$ |
| sqrt(x) | $ \sqrt {x}$ |
| abs(x) | absolute value of x. Int if x is Int, Decimal if x is Decimal, Real otherwise |
| abs(x) | absolute value of x. Int if x is Int, Real otherwise |
| clamp(x, range) | limit x to be inside range boundaries |
For example:
@ -117,69 +104,12 @@ For example:
assert( abs(-1) is Int)
assert( abs(-2.21) == 2.21 )
import lyng.decimal
// Decimal-aware math works too. Some functions are exact, some still bridge through Real temporarily:
assert( (abs("-2.5".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded() == "2.5" )
assert( (floor("2.9".d) as Decimal).toStringExpanded() == "2" )
assert( sin("0.5".d) is Decimal )
// clamp() limits value to the range:
assert( clamp(15, 0..10) == 10 )
assert( clamp(-5, 0..10) == 0 )
assert( 5.clamp(0..10) == 5 )
>>> void
## Linear algebra: `lyng.matrix`
For vectors and dense matrices, import `lyng.matrix`:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
```
It provides:
- `Vector`
- `Matrix`
- `vector(values)`
- `matrix(rows)`
Core operations include:
- matrix addition and subtraction
- matrix-matrix multiplication
- matrix-vector multiplication
- transpose
- determinant
- inverse
- linear solve
- vector dot, norm, normalize, cross, outer product
Example:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
val b: Matrix = matrix([[7, 8], [9, 10], [11, 12]])
val product: Matrix = a * b
assertEquals([[58.0, 64.0], [139.0, 154.0]], product.toList())
```
Matrices also support two-axis bracket indexing and slicing:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
val sub: Matrix = m[0..1, 1..2]
assertEquals([[2.0, 3.0], [5.0, 6.0]], sub.toList())
```
See [Matrix](Matrix.md) for the full API.
## Random values
Lyng stdlib provides a global random singleton and deterministic seeded generators:

View File

@ -32,36 +32,10 @@ Depending on the platform, these coroutines may be executed on different CPU and
assert(xIsCalled)
>>> void
This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion, cancel it if it is no longer needed, and retrieve possible result.
This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion and retrieve possible result.
Launch has the only argument which should be a callable (lambda usually) that is run in parallel (or cooperatively in parallel), and return anything as the result.
When you have an iterable of deferreds, use `joinAll()` to await all of them and collect results in input order:
val jobs = (1..4).map { n ->
launch {
delay(1)
n * 10
}
}
assertEquals([10, 20, 30, 40], jobs.joinAll())
>>> void
If you no longer need the result, cancel the deferred. Awaiting a cancelled deferred throws `CancellationException`:
var reached = false
val work = launch {
delay(100)
reached = true
"ok"
}
work.cancel()
assertThrows(CancellationException) { work.await() }
assert(work.isCancelled)
assert(!work.isActive)
assert(!reached)
>>> void
## Synchronization: Mutex
Suppose we have a resource, that could be used concurrently, a counter in our case. If we won't protect it, concurrent usage cause RC, Race Condition, providing wrong result:
@ -230,73 +204,6 @@ Flows allow easy transforming of any [Iterable]. See how the standard Lyng libra
}
}
## Channel
A [Channel] is a **hot pipe** between coroutines: values are pushed in by a producer and pulled out by a consumer, with each value consumed exactly once.
Unlike a `Flow` (which is cold and re-runs its generator on every collection), a `Channel` is stateful — the right tool for classic _producer / consumer_ work.
val ch = Channel() // rendezvous: sender waits for receiver
val producer = launch {
for (i in 1..5) ch.send(i)
ch.close() // signal: no more values
}
var item = ch.receive() // suspends until a value is ready
while (item != null) {
println(item)
item = ch.receive()
}
// prints 1 2 3 4 5
`receive()` returns `null` when the channel is both closed and fully drained — that is the idiomatic loop termination condition.
Channels can also be buffered so the producer can run ahead:
val ch = Channel(4) // buffer up to 4 items without blocking
ch.send(10)
ch.send(20)
ch.send(30)
ch.close()
assertEquals(10, ch.receive())
assertEquals(20, ch.receive())
assertEquals(30, ch.receive())
assertEquals(null, ch.receive()) // drained
For the full API — including `tryReceive`, `Channel.UNLIMITED`, and the fan-out / ping-pong patterns — see the [Channel] reference page.
## LaunchPool
When you need **bounded concurrency** — run at most *N* tasks at the same time without spawning a new coroutine per task — use [LaunchPool]:
```lyng
val pool = LaunchPool(4) // at most 4 tasks run in parallel
val jobs = (1..20).map { n ->
pool.launch { expensiveCompute(n) }
}
pool.closeAndJoin() // wait for all tasks to complete
val results = jobs.joinAll()
```
Exceptions thrown inside a submitted lambda are captured in the returned `Deferred` and do not crash the pool, so other tasks continue running normally.
See [LaunchPool] for the full API including bounded queues and cancellation.
[LaunchPool]: LaunchPool.md
| | Flow | Channel |
|---|---|---|
| **temperature** | cold (lazy) | hot (eager) |
| **replay** | every collector gets a fresh run | each item consumed once |
| **consumers** | any number, each gets all items | one receiver per item |
| **typical use** | transform pipelines, sequences | producer–consumer, fan-out |
[Channel]: Channel.md
[Iterable]: Iterable.md

View File

@ -114,12 +114,10 @@ When running end‑to‑end “book” workloads or heavier benches, you can ena
Flags are mutable at runtime, e.g.:
```kotlin
runTest {
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = false
val r1 = (EvalSession(Scope()).eval(script) as ObjInt).value
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = true
val r2 = (EvalSession(Scope()).eval(script) as ObjInt).value
}
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = false
val r1 = (Scope().eval(script) as ObjInt).value
PerfFlags.ARG_BUILDER = true
val r2 = (Scope().eval(script) as ObjInt).value
```
Reset flags at the end of a test to avoid impacting other tests.
@ -621,3 +619,4 @@ Reproduce
Notes
- Negative caches are installed only after a real miss throws (cache‑after‑miss), preserving error semantics and invalidation on `layoutVersion` changes.
- IndexRef PIC augments the existing direct path and uses move‑to‑front promotion; it is keyed on `(classId, layoutVersion)` like other PICs.

View File

@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
## Pi Spigot JVM Baseline
Saved on April 4, 2026 before the `List<Int>` indexed-access follow-up fix.
Benchmark target:
- [examples/pi-bench.py](/home/sergeych/dev/lyng/examples/pi-bench.py)
- [examples/pi-bench.lyng](../examples/pi-bench.lyng)
Execution path:
- Python: `python3 examples/pi-bench.py`
- Lyng JVM: `./gradlew :lyng:runJvm --args='/home/sergeych/dev/lyng/examples/pi-bench.lyng'`
- Constraint: do not use Kotlin/Native `lyng` CLI for perf comparisons
Baseline measurements:
- Python full script: `167 ms`
- Lyng JVM full script: `1.287097604 s`
- Python warm function average over 5 runs: `126.126 ms`
- Lyng JVM warm function average over 5 runs: about `1071.6 ms`
Baseline ratio:
- Full script: about `7.7x` slower on Lyng JVM
- Warm function only: about `8.5x` slower on Lyng JVM
Primary finding at baseline:
- The hot `reminders[j]` accesses in `piSpigot` were still lowered through boxed object index ops and boxed arithmetic.
- Newly added `GET_INDEX_INT` and `SET_INDEX_INT` only reached `pi`, not `reminders`.
- Root cause: initializer element inference handled list literals, but not `List.fill(boxes) { 2 }`, so `reminders` did not become known `List<Int>` at compile time.
## After Optimizations 1-4
Follow-up change:
- propagate inferred lambda return class into bytecode compilation
- infer `List.fill(...)` element type from the fill lambda
- lower `reminders[j]` reads and writes to `GET_INDEX_INT` and `SET_INDEX_INT`
- add primitive-backed `ObjList` storage for all-int lists
- lower `List.fill(Int) { Int }` to `LIST_FILL_INT`
- stop boxing the integer index inside `GET_INDEX_INT` / `SET_INDEX_INT`
Verification:
- `piSpigot` disassembly now contains typed ops for `reminders`, for example:
- `GET_INDEX_INT s5(reminders), s10(j), ...`
- `SET_INDEX_INT s5(reminders), s10(j), ...`
Post-change measurements using `jlyng`:
- Full script: `655.819559 ms`
- Warm 5-run total: `1.430945810 s`
- Warm average per run: about `286.2 ms`
Observed improvement vs baseline:
- Full script: about `1.96x` faster (`1.287 s -> 0.656 s`)
- Warm function: about `3.74x` faster (`1071.6 ms -> 286.2 ms`)
Residual gap vs Python baseline:
- Full script: Lyng JVM is still about `3.9x` slower than Python (`655.8 ms` vs `167 ms`)
- Warm function: Lyng JVM is still about `2.3x` slower than Python (`286.2 ms` vs `126.126 ms`)
Current benchmark-test snapshot (`n=200`, JVM test harness):
- `optimized-int-division-rval-off`: `135 ms`
- `optimized-int-division-rval-on`: `125 ms`
- `piSpigot` bytecode now contains:
- `LIST_FILL_INT` for both `pi` and `reminders`
- `GET_INDEX_INT` / `SET_INDEX_INT` for the hot indexed loop

View File

@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
class Tag(name: String) {
val name = name
var inner = ""
fun child(tagName: String, block: Tag.()->void) {
val child = Tag(tagName)
with(child) { block(this) }
inner += child.render()
}
fun head(block: Tag.()->void) { child("head", block) }
fun body(block: Tag.()->void) { child("body", block) }
fun title(block: Tag.()->void) { child("title", block) }
fun h1(block: Tag.()->void) { child("h1", block) }
fun addText(text: String) {
inner += text
}
fun render() {
"<" + name + ">" + inner + "</" + name + ">"
}
}
context(Tag)
fun String.unaryPlus() {
this@Tag.addText(this)
}
fun html(block: Tag.()->void) {
val root = Tag("html")
with(root) { block(this) }
root.render()
}
val page = html {
head {
title {
+"Demo"
}
}
body {
h1 {
+"Heading 1"
}
}
}
println(page)
assertEquals("<html><head><title>Demo</title></head><body><h1>Heading 1</h1></body></html>", page)

View File

@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
// Sample: Operator Overloading in Lyng
class Vector<T>(val x: T, val y: T) {
// Overload unary +
fun unaryPlus() = this
// Overload +
fun plus(other: Vector<U>) = Vector(x + other.x, y + other.y)
@ -31,11 +28,6 @@ val v2 = Vector(5, 5)
println("v1: " + v1)
println("v2: " + v2)
// Test unary +
val v0 = +v1
println("+v1 = " + v0)
assertEquals(Vector(10, 20), v0)
// Test binary +
val v3 = v1 + v2
println("v1 + v2 = " + v3)

View File

@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ This page documents the **current** rules: static name resolution, closure captu
## Current rules (bytecode compiler)
- **All names resolve at compile time**: locals, parameters, captures, members, imports, and module globals must be known when compiling. Missing symbols are compile-time errors.
- **Exception: `compile if` can skip dead branches**: inside an untaken `compile if (...)` branch, names are not resolved or type-checked at all. This is the supported way to guard optional classes or packages such as `defined(Udp)` or `defined(lyng.io.net)`.
- **No runtime fallbacks**: there is no dynamic name lookup, no fallback opcodes, and no “search parent scopes” at runtime for missing names.
- **Object members on unknown types only**: `toString`, `toInspectString`, `let`, `also`, `apply`, `run` are allowed on unknown types; all other members require a statically known receiver type or an explicit cast.
- **Closures capture slots**: lambdas and nested functions capture **frame slots** directly. Captures are resolved at compile time and compiled to slot references.

View File

@ -1,40 +1,6 @@
# Lyng serialization
Lyng has a built-in serialization module, `lyng.serialization`.
There are now two built-in formats with different goals:
- `Lynon`: the canonical binary format for Lyng values.
- `Json`: the canonical JSON-based round-trip format for Lyng values.
In addition, `Obj.toJson()` / `toJsonString()` remain available as a plain JSON projection for interoperability with
regular JSON tools and Kotlin `kotlinx.serialization`.
## Canonical formats
`Lynon` and `Json` are both exposed as format objects with the same surface:
- `Format.encode(value)`
- `Format.decode(encodedValue)`
For the built-in formats:
- `Lynon.encode(x)` returns `BitBuffer`
- `Lynon.decode(bitBuffer)` returns the original Lyng value
- `Json.encode(x)` returns `String`
- `Json.decode(jsonString)` returns the original Lyng value
`Json` also provides a typed canonical mode:
- `Json.encodeAs(Type, value)` returns `String`
- `Json.decodeAs(Type, jsonString)` returns the original Lyng value of the specified type
This is still canonical JSON, but it is schema-driven instead of fully self-describing.
## Lynon
Lynon is LYng Object Notation. It is typed, binary, bit-effective, implements caching, automatic compression,
variable-length integers, one-bit booleans, and preserves Lyng runtime structure well.
Lyng has builting binary bit-effective serialization format, called Lynon for LYng Object Notation. It is typed, binary, implements caching, automatic compression, variable-length ints, one-bit Booleans an many nice features.
It is as simple as:
@ -54,8 +20,7 @@ It is as simple as:
assert( text.length > (encodedBits.toBuffer() as Buffer).size )
>>> void
Any class you create is serializable by default; Lynon serializes first constructor fields, then any `var` member
fields.
Any class you create is serializable by default; lynon serializes first constructor fields, then any `var` member fields.
## Transient Fields
@ -75,7 +40,7 @@ class MyData(@Transient val tempSecret, val publicData) {
Transient fields:
- Are **omitted** from Lynon binary streams.
- Are **omitted** from JSON output (`toJson`) and canonical `Json.encode(...)`.
- Are **omitted** from JSON output (via `toJson`).
- Are **ignored** during structural equality checks (`==`).
- If a transient constructor parameter has a **default value**, it will be restored to that default value during deserialization. Otherwise, it will be `null`.
- Class body fields marked as `@Transient` will keep their initial values (or values assigned in `init`) after deserialization.
@ -84,131 +49,8 @@ Transient fields:
- **Singleton Objects**: `object` declarations are serializable by name. Their state (mutable fields) is also serialized and restored, respecting `@Transient`.
- **Classes**: Class objects themselves can be serialized. They are serialized by their full qualified name. When converted to JSON, a class object includes its public static fields (excluding those marked `@Transient`).
- **Exceptions**: canonical formats preserve exception class, message, extra data, and captured stack trace.
## Plain JSON projection vs canonical Json format
There are two JSON-related APIs and they serve different purposes:
- `Obj.toJson()` / `toJsonString()`
- produce ordinary JSON values
- best for interop with external JSON systems
- best for `Obj.decodeSerializable()` / `decodeSerializableWith()`
- may be lossy for Lyng-specific structures
- `Json.encode()` / `Json.decode()`
- produce JSON text too
- use Lyng-specific type tags so the payload is self-describing
- intended for round-tripping Lyng values
- intended to match Lynon semantics where JSON can carry them
- still keep ordinary string-key maps in traditional JSON object form
- can preserve values that plain JSON cannot represent directly, such as:
- maps with non-string keys
- sets
- buffers and bit buffers
- class instances
- singleton objects
- enums
- exceptions
- date/time objects
- non-finite reals
- `void`
- `Json.encodeAs(Type, value)` / `Json.decodeAs(Type, text)`
- also round-trip Lyng values through JSON text
- use the declared or requested type as decoding schema
- recursively omit type tags when the declared type is already exact enough
- keep canonical tags when the runtime value is more specific than the declared type
- produce less noisy JSON for closed and otherwise precisely-typed object graphs
- still keep ordinary `Map<String, ...>` values in traditional JSON object form
Why this split exists:
- plain `toJson()` must remain ordinary JSON so it stays convenient for external JSON systems and Kotlin
`kotlinx.serialization`
- canonical `Json.encode()` is for Lyng-to-Lyng transport through JSON text without any external schema, so it must
remain self-describing and preserve Lyng runtime
distinctions whenever possible
- `Json.encodeAs()` exists for the cases where a schema is known on both sides and we want canonical round-trip
behavior with fewer tags
- one API cannot optimize for both goals at once: either you get too many Lyng tags for ordinary JSON interop, or you
get lossy round-trips
Example:
import lyng.serialization
import lyng.time
enum Color { Red, Green }
class Point(x,y) { var z = 42 }
val p = Point(1,2)
p.z = 99
val x = List(
p,
Map([1, "one"], ["two", 2]),
Set(1,2,3),
"hello".encodeUtf8(),
Date(2026,4,15),
Color.Green
)
assertEquals(x, Json.decode(Json.encode(x)))
>>> void
Typed canonical example:
import lyng.serialization
closed class Point(x: Int, y: Int)
closed class Segment(a: Point, b: Point)
val value = Segment(Point(0,1), Point(2,3))
val json = Json.encodeAs(Segment, value)
assertEquals("{\"a\":{\"x\":0,\"y\":1},\"b\":{\"x\":2,\"y\":3}}", json)
assertEquals(value, Json.decodeAs(Segment, json))
>>> void
## Adding more formats from Kotlin modules
External modules can add new formats on the Kotlin side.
The common base class is:
```kotlin
abstract class ObjSerializationFormatClass(className: String) : ObjClass(className) {
abstract suspend fun encodeValue(scope: Scope, value: Obj): Obj
abstract suspend fun decodeValue(scope: Scope, encoded: Obj): Obj
}
```
To export a new format from a module:
```kotlin
im.addPackage("test.formats") { module ->
module.bindSerializationFormat(
object : ObjSerializationFormatClass("Reverse") {
override suspend fun encodeValue(scope: Scope, value: Obj): Obj =
ObjString(value.toString(scope).value.reversed())
override suspend fun decodeValue(scope: Scope, encoded: Obj): Obj =
ObjString((encoded as ObjString).value.reversed())
}
)
}
```
Then from Lyng, after importing the Kotlin module above, usage looks like:
```lyng
import test.formats
assertEquals("cba", Reverse.encode("abc"))
assertEquals("abc", Reverse.decode("cba"))
```
## Notes
## Custom Serialization
Important is to understand that normally `Lynon.decode` wants [BitBuffer], as `Lynon.encode` produces. If you have the regular [Buffer], be sure to convert it:
@ -217,3 +59,5 @@ Important is to understand that normally `Lynon.decode` wants [BitBuffer], as `L
this possibly creates extra zero bits at the end, as bit content could be shorter than byte-grained but for the Lynon format it does not make sense. Note that when you serialize [BitBuffer], exact number of bits is written. To convert bit buffer to bytes:
Lynon.encode("hello").toBuffer()
(topic is incomplete and under construction)

View File

@ -1,135 +1,74 @@
# Lyng time functions
Lyng date and time support requires importing `lyng.time`. The module provides four related types:
Lyng date and time support requires importing `lyng.time` packages. Lyng uses simple yet modern time object models:
- `Instant` for absolute timestamps.
- `Date` for calendar dates without time-of-day or timezone.
- `DateTime` for calendar-aware points in time in a specific timezone.
- `Duration` for absolute elapsed time.
- `Instant` class for absolute time stamps with platform-dependent resolution.
- `DateTime` class for calendar-aware points in time within a specific time zone.
- `Duration` to represent amount of time not depending on the calendar (e.g., milliseconds, seconds).
## Time instant: `Instant`
`Instant` represents some moment of time independently of the calendar. It is similar to SQL `TIMESTAMP`
or Kotlin `Instant`.
Represent some moment of time not depending on the calendar. It is similar to `TIMESTAMP` in SQL or `Instant` in Kotlin.
### Constructing and converting
import lyng.time
// default constructor returns time now:
val t1 = Instant()
val t2 = Instant(1704110400)
// constructing from a number is treated as seconds since unix epoch:
val t2 = Instant(1704110400) // 2024-01-01T12:00:00Z
// from RFC3339 string:
val t3 = Instant("2024-01-01T12:00:00.123456Z")
val t4 = t3.truncateToMinute()
assertEquals("2024-01-01T12:00:00Z", t4.toRFC3339())
// truncation:
val t4 = t3.truncateToMinute
assertEquals(t4.toRFC3339(), "2024-01-01T12:00:00Z")
// to localized DateTime (uses system default TZ if not specified):
val dt = t3.toDateTime("+02:00")
assertEquals(14, dt.hour)
val d = t3.toDate("Z")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 1), d)
assertEquals(dt.hour, 14)
### Instant members
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| epochSeconds: Real | offset in seconds since Unix epoch |
| epochWholeSeconds: Int | whole seconds since Unix epoch |
| nanosecondsOfSecond: Int | nanoseconds within the current second |
| isDistantFuture: Bool | true if it is `Instant.distantFuture` |
| isDistantPast: Bool | true if it is `Instant.distantPast` |
| truncateToMinute(): Instant | truncate to minute precision |
| truncateToSecond(): Instant | truncate to second precision |
| truncateToMillisecond(): Instant | truncate to millisecond precision |
| truncateToMicrosecond(): Instant | truncate to microsecond precision |
| toRFC3339(): String | format as RFC3339 string in UTC |
| toDateTime(tz?): DateTime | localize to a timezone |
| toDate(tz?): Date | convert to a calendar date in a timezone |
## Calendar date: `Date`
`Date` represents a pure calendar date. It has no time-of-day and no attached timezone. Use it for values
like birthdays, due dates, invoice dates, and SQL `DATE` columns.
### Constructing
import lyng.time
val today = Date()
val d1 = Date(2026, 4, 15)
val d2 = Date("2024-02-29")
val d3 = Date.parseIso("2024-02-29")
val d4 = Date(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 15, 30, 45, "+02:00"))
val d5 = Date(Instant("2024-01-01T23:30:00Z"), "+02:00")
### Date members
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| year: Int | year component |
| month: Int | month component (1..12) |
| day: Int | day of month (alias `dayOfMonth`) |
| dayOfWeek: Int | day of week (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) |
| dayOfYear: Int | day of year (1..365/366) |
| isLeapYear: Bool | whether this date is in a leap year |
| lengthOfMonth: Int | number of days in this month |
| lengthOfYear: Int | 365 or 366 |
| toIsoString(): String | ISO `YYYY-MM-DD` string |
| toSortableString(): String | alias to `toIsoString()` |
| toDateTime(tz="Z"): DateTime | start-of-day `DateTime` in the specified timezone |
| atStartOfDay(tz="Z"): DateTime | alias to `toDateTime()` |
| addDays(n): Date | add or subtract calendar days |
| addMonths(n): Date | add or subtract months, normalizing end-of-month |
| addYears(n): Date | add or subtract years |
| daysUntil(other): Int | calendar days until `other` |
| daysSince(other): Int | calendar days since `other` |
| static today(tz?): Date | today in the specified timezone |
| static parseIso(s): Date | parse ISO `YYYY-MM-DD` |
### Date arithmetic
`Date` supports only whole-day arithmetic. This is deliberate: calendar dates should not silently accept
sub-day durations.
import lyng.time
val d1 = Date(2026, 4, 15)
val d2 = d1.addDays(10)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 25), d2)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 18), d1 + 3.days)
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 12), d1 - 3.days)
assertEquals(10, d1.daysUntil(d2))
assertEquals(10, d2.daysSince(d1))
assertEquals(10, d2 - d1)
### Date conversions
import lyng.time
val i = Instant("2024-01-01T23:30:00Z")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 1), i.toDate("Z"))
assertEquals(Date(2024, 1, 2), i.toDate("+02:00"))
val dt = DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 15, 30, 45, "+02:00")
assertEquals(Date(2024, 5, 20), dt.date)
assertEquals(Date(2024, 5, 20), dt.toDate())
assertEquals(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0, "Z"), Date(2024, 5, 20).toDateTime("Z"))
assertEquals(DateTime(2024, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0, "+02:00"), Date(2024, 5, 20).atStartOfDay("+02:00"))
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| epochSeconds: Real | positive or negative offset in seconds since Unix epoch |
| epochWholeSeconds: Int | same, but in _whole seconds_. Slightly faster |
| nanosecondsOfSecond: Int | offset from epochWholeSeconds in nanos |
| isDistantFuture: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantFuture` |
| isDistantPast: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantPast` |
| truncateToMinute: Instant | create new instance truncated to minute |
| truncateToSecond: Instant | create new instance truncated to second |
| truncateToMillisecond: Instant | truncate new instance to millisecond |
| truncateToMicrosecond: Instant | truncate new instance to microsecond |
| toRFC3339(): String | format as RFC3339 string (UTC) |
| toDateTime(tz?): DateTime | localize to a TimeZone (ID string or offset seconds) |
## Calendar time: `DateTime`
`DateTime` represents a point in time in a specific timezone. It provides access to calendar components
such as year, month, day, and hour.
`DateTime` represents a point in time in a specific timezone. It provides access to calendar components like year,
month, and day.
### Constructing
import lyng.time
// Current time in system default timezone
val now = DateTime.now()
// Specific timezone
val offsetTime = DateTime.now("+02:00")
// From Instant
val dt = Instant().toDateTime("Z")
// By components (year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, timeZone="UTC")
val dt2 = DateTime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, "Z")
// From RFC3339 string
val dt3 = DateTime.parseRFC3339("2024-01-01T12:00:00+02:00")
### DateTime members
@ -144,9 +83,7 @@ such as year, month, day, and hour.
| second: Int | second component (0..59) |
| dayOfWeek: Int | day of week (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) |
| timeZone: String | timezone ID string |
| date: Date | calendar date component |
| toInstant(): Instant | convert back to absolute Instant |
| toDate(): Date | extract the calendar date in this timezone |
| toUTC(): DateTime | shortcut to convert to UTC |
| toTimeZone(tz): DateTime | convert to another timezone |
| addMonths(n): DateTime | add/subtract months (normalizes end of month) |
@ -159,27 +96,28 @@ such as year, month, day, and hour.
`DateTime` handles calendar arithmetic correctly:
import lyng.time
val leapDay = Instant("2024-02-29T12:00:00Z").toDateTime("Z")
val nextYear = leapDay.addYears(1)
assertEquals(28, nextYear.day)
assertEquals(nextYear.day, 28) // Feb 29, 2024 -> Feb 28, 2025
# `Duration` class
`Duration` represents absolute elapsed time between two instants.
Represent absolute time distance between two `Instant`.
import lyng.time
val t1 = Instant()
delay(1.millisecond)
val t2 = Instant()
assert(t2 - t1 >= 1.millisecond)
assert(t2 - t1 < 100.millisecond)
// yes we can delay to period, and it is not blocking. is suspends!
delay(1.millisecond)
val t2 = Instant()
// be suspend, so actual time may vary:
assert( t2 - t1 >= 1.millisecond)
assert( t2 - t1 < 100.millisecond)
>>> void
Duration values can be created from numbers using extensions on `Int` and `Real`:
Duration can be converted from numbers, like `5.minutes` and so on. Extensions are created for
`Int` and `Real`, so for n as Real or Int it is possible to create durations::
- `n.millisecond`, `n.milliseconds`
- `n.second`, `n.seconds`
@ -187,9 +125,10 @@ Duration values can be created from numbers using extensions on `Int` and `Real`
- `n.hour`, `n.hours`
- `n.day`, `n.days`
Larger units like months or years are calendar-dependent and are intentionally not part of `Duration`.
The bigger time units like months or years are calendar-dependent and can't be used with `Duration`.
Each duration instance can be converted to numbers in these units:
Each duration instance can be converted to number of any of these time units, as `Real` number, if `d` is a `Duration`
instance:
- `d.microseconds`
- `d.milliseconds`
@ -198,16 +137,18 @@ Each duration instance can be converted to numbers in these units:
- `d.hours`
- `d.days`
Example:
for example
import lyng.time
assertEquals( 60, 1.minute.seconds )
assertEquals( 10.milliseconds, 0.01.seconds )
assertEquals(60, 1.minute.seconds)
assertEquals(10.milliseconds, 0.01.seconds)
>>> void
# Utility functions
## `delay(duration: Duration)`
## delay(duration: Duration)
Suspends current coroutine for at least the specified duration.
Suspends the current coroutine for at least the specified duration.

View File

@ -352,40 +352,6 @@ Sets `this` to the first argument and executes the block. Returns the value retu
assertEquals(3, sum)
>>> void
Receiver lambdas can also keep outer receivers in scope. The primary receiver wins for unqualified lookup, and `this@Type`
selects an outer receiver explicitly:
class Html { fun lang() = "en" }
class Body { fun lang() = "body" }
fun html(block: Html.()->String) = with(Html()) { block(this) }
fun body(block: Body.()->String) = with(Body()) { block(this) }
val result = html {
body {
lang() + ":" + this@Html.lang()
}
}
assertEquals("body:en", result)
>>> void
You can declare the same requirement in a function type:
val block: context(Html) Body.()->String = {
lang() + ":" + this@Html.lang()
}
If the primary receiver does not define a member and multiple outer/context receivers do, Lyng reports an ambiguity instead of picking one silently:
class A { fun title() = "a" }
class B { fun title() = "b" }
class C
val block: context(A, B) C.()->String = {
// title() // compile-time ambiguity
this@A.title()
}
## run
Executes a block after it returning the value passed by the block. for example, can be used with elvis operator:
@ -409,18 +375,6 @@ It is rather simple, like everywhere else:
See [math](math.md) for more on it. Notice using Greek as identifier, all languages are allowed.
For linear algebra, import `lyng.matrix`:
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
val i: Matrix = Matrix.identity(2)
val sum: Matrix = a + i
assertEquals([[2.0, 2.0], [3.0, 5.0]], sum.toList())
>>> void
See [Matrix](Matrix.md) for vectors, matrix multiplication, inversion, and slicing such as `m[0..2, 1]`.
Logical operation could be used the same
var x = 10
@ -845,12 +799,6 @@ Lyng has built-in mutable array class `List` with simple literals:
many collection based methods are implemented there.
For immutable list values, use `list.toImmutable()` and [ImmutableList].
To construct a list programmatically, use the static helper `List.fill`:
val tens = List.fill(5) { index -> index * 10 }
assertEquals([0, 10, 20, 30, 40], tens)
>>> void
Lists can contain any type of objects, lists too:
val list = [1, [2, 3], 4]
@ -863,14 +811,6 @@ Lists can contain any type of objects, lists too:
Notice usage of indexing. You can use negative indexes to offset from the end of the list; see more in [Lists](List.md).
In general, bracket indexing may contain more than one selector:
value[i]
value[i, j]
For built-in lists, strings, maps, and buffers, the selector is usually a single value such as an `Int`, `Range`, or `Regex`.
For types with custom indexers, multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object and passed to `getAt` / `putAt`.
When you want to "flatten" it to single array, you can use splat syntax:
[1, ...[2,3], 4]
@ -1128,37 +1068,6 @@ Or, more neat:
>>> just 3
>>> void
## compile if
`compile if` is a compile-time conditional. Unlike normal `if`, the compiler evaluates its condition while compiling
the file and completely skips the untaken branch. This is useful when some class or package may or may not be
available:
compile if (defined(Udp)) {
val socket = Udp()
println("udp is available")
} else {
println("udp is not available")
}
`compile if` also supports single-statement branches:
compile if (defined(lyng.io.net) && !defined(Udp))
println("network module exists, but Udp is not visible here")
else
println("either Udp exists or the module is unavailable")
Current condition syntax is intentionally limited to compile-time symbol checks:
- `defined(Name)`
- `defined(package.name)`
- `!`, `&&`, `||`
- parentheses
Examples:
compile if (defined(Udp) && defined(Tcp))
println("both transports are available")
## When
See also: [Comprehensive guide to `when`](when.md)
@ -1430,41 +1339,6 @@ size and index access, like lists:
"total letters: "+letters
>>> "total letters: 10"
When you need a counting loop that goes backwards, use an explicit descending
range:
var sum = 0
for( i in 5 downTo 1 ) {
sum += i
}
sum
>>> 15
If the lower bound should be excluded, use `downUntil`:
val xs = []
for( i in 5 downUntil 1 ) {
xs.add(i)
}
xs
>>> [5,4,3,2]
This is intentionally explicit: `5..1` is an empty ascending range, not an
implicit reverse loop.
Descending loops also support `step`:
val xs = []
for( i in 10 downTo 1 step 3 ) {
xs.add(i)
}
xs
>>> [10,7,4,1]
For descending ranges, `step` stays positive. The direction comes from
`downTo` / `downUntil`, so `10 downTo 1 step 3` is valid, while
`10 downTo 1 step -3` is an error.
For loop support breaks the same as while loops above:
fun search(haystack, needle) {
@ -1594,12 +1468,6 @@ It could be open and closed:
assert( 5 !in (1..<5) )
>>> void
Descending ranges are explicit too:
assertEquals([5,4,3,2,1], (5 downTo 1).toList())
assertEquals([5,4,3,2], (5 downUntil 1).toList())
>>> void
Ranges could be inside other ranges:
assert( (2..3) in (1..10) )
@ -1612,19 +1480,11 @@ There are character ranges too:
and you can use ranges in for-loops:
for( x in 'a'..<'c' ) println(x)
for( x in 'a' ..< 'c' ) println(x)
>>> a
>>> b
>>> void
Descending character ranges work the same way:
for( ch in 'e' downTo 'a' step 2 ) println(ch)
>>> e
>>> c
>>> a
>>> void
See [Ranges](Range.md) for detailed documentation on it.
# Time routines
@ -1688,27 +1548,15 @@ The type for the character objects is `Char`.
### String literal escapes
Lyng string literals can use either double quotes or backticks:
val a = "hello"
val b = `hello`
assert(a == b)
| escape | ASCII value |
|--------|-----------------------|
| \n | 0x10, newline |
| \r | 0x13, carriage return |
| \t | 0x07, tabulation |
| \\ | \ slash character |
| \" | " double quote |
| \uXXXX | unicode code point |
Delimiter-specific escapes:
| form | escape | value |
|--------|--------|------------------|
| `"..."` | \" | " double quote |
| `` `...` `` | \` | ` backtick |
Unicode escape form is exactly 4 hex digits, e.g. `"\u263A"` -> `☺`.
Other `\c` combinations, where c is any char except mentioned above, are left intact, e.g.:
@ -1741,15 +1589,10 @@ Example:
val name = "Lyng"
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", "hello, $name!")
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", `hello, $name!`)
assertEquals("sum=3", "sum=${1+2}")
assertEquals("sum=3", `sum=${1+2}`)
assertEquals("\$name", "\$name")
assertEquals("\$name", "$$name")
assertEquals("\$name", `\$name`)
assertEquals("\$name", `$$name`)
assertEquals("\\Lyng", "\\$name")
assertEquals("\\Lyng", `\\$name`)
>>> void
Interpolation and `printf`-style formatting can be combined when needed:
@ -1856,14 +1699,6 @@ Open-ended ranges could be used to get start and end too:
assertEquals( "pult", "catapult"[ 4.. ])
>>> void
The same bracket syntax is also used by imported numeric modules such as `lyng.matrix`, where indexing can be multi-axis:
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
>>> void
### String operations
Concatenation is a `+`: `"hello " + name` works as expected. No confusion. There is also
@ -1884,14 +1719,6 @@ Part match:
assert( "foo" == ($~ as RegexMatch).value )
>>> void
Replacing text:
assertEquals("bonono", "banana".replace('a', 'o'))
assertEquals("a-b-c", "a.b.c".replace(".", "-")) // string patterns are literal
assertEquals("v#.#.#", "v1.2.3".replace("\d+".re, "#"))
assertEquals("v[1].[2].[3]", "v1.2.3".replace("(\d+)".re) { m -> "[" + m[1] + "]" })
>>> void
Repeating the fragment:
assertEquals("hellohello", "hello"*2)
@ -1927,8 +1754,6 @@ A typical set of String functions includes:
| characters | create [List] of characters (1) |
| encodeUtf8() | returns [Buffer] with characters encoded to utf8 |
| matches(re) | matches the regular expression (2) |
| replace(old, new) | replace all literal or regex matches; regex needs [Regex] |
| replaceFirst(old,new)| replace the first literal or regex match |
| | |
(1)
@ -2155,30 +1980,6 @@ Example with custom accessors:
"abc".firstChar
>>> 'a'
### Extension indexers
Indexers can also be extended by overriding `getAt` and `putAt` on the receiver:
```lyng
object Storage
var storageData = {}
override fun Storage.getAt(key: String): Object? {
storageData[key]
}
override fun Storage.putAt(key: String, value: Object) {
storageData[key] = value
}
Storage["answer"] = 42
val answer: Int? = Storage["answer"]
assertEquals(42, answer)
```
This works for classes and named singleton `object` declarations. Bracket syntax is lowered to `getAt` / `putAt`, and multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object the same way as other custom indexers.
Extension members are **scope-isolated**: they are visible only in the scope where they are defined and its children. This prevents name collisions and improves security.
To get details on OOP in Lyng, see [OOP notes](OOP.md).

View File

@ -1,134 +1,16 @@
# What's New in Lyng
This document highlights the current Lyng release, **1.5.5**, and the broader additions from the 1.5 cycle.
It is intentionally user-facing: new language features, new modules, new tools, and the practical things you can build with them.
For a programmer-focused migration summary across 1.5.x, see `docs/whats_new_1_5.md`.
## Release 1.5.5 Highlights
- `1.5.5` extends the 1.5 line with practical database APIs, first-class calendar dates, and better coroutine building blocks.
- The 1.5 line now brings together richer ranges and loops, interpolation, math modules, immutable and observable collections, richer `lyngio`, and much better CLI/IDE support.
- `1.5.5` adds `Channel`, `LaunchPool`, and `joinAll()` so coroutine-heavy scripts can coordinate work more directly.
- `1.5.5` adds `Date`, the portable `lyng.io.db` layer, SQLite/JDBC providers, and a compatibility `lyng.legacy_digest` module.
- `1.5.5` also continues runtime/compiler hardening with better import dispatch, faster exact lambda calls, and correct `val +=`/`-=` behavior for mutating types versus real reassignment.
- The docs, homepage samples, and release metadata now point at the current stable version.
## User Highlights Across 1.5.x
- Descending ranges and loops with `downTo` / `downUntil`
- String interpolation with `$name` and `${expr}`
- Backtick string literals for raw-ish string text
- Decimal arithmetic, matrices/vectors, and complex numbers
- Calendar `Date` support in `lyng.time`
- `Channel`, `LaunchPool`, and `joinAll()` for coroutine workflows
- Immutable collections and opt-in `ObservableList`
- Rich `lyngio` modules for SQLite/JDBC databases, console, HTTP, WebSocket, TCP, and UDP
- Legacy SHA-1 compatibility helpers in `lyng.legacy_digest`
- CLI improvements including the built-in formatter `lyng fmt`
- Better IDE support and stronger docs around the released feature set
This document highlights the latest additions and improvements to the Lyng language and its ecosystem.
For a programmer-focused migration summary, see `docs/whats_new_1_5.md`.
## Language Features
### Descending Ranges and Loops
Lyng ranges are no longer just ascending. You can now write explicit descending ranges with inclusive or exclusive lower bounds.
```lyng
assertEquals([5,4,3,2,1], (5 downTo 1).toList())
assertEquals([5,4,3,2], (5 downUntil 1).toList())
for (i in 10 downTo 1 step 3) {
println(i)
}
```
This also works for characters:
```lyng
assertEquals(['e','c','a'], ('e' downTo 'a' step 2).toList())
```
See [Range](Range.md).
### String Interpolation
Lyng 1.5.1 added built-in string interpolation:
- `$name`
- `${expr}`
Literal dollar forms are explicit too:
- `\$` -> `$`
- `$$` -> `$`
```lyng
val name = "Lyng"
assertEquals("hello, Lyng!", "hello, $name!")
assertEquals("sum=3", "sum=${1+2}")
assertEquals("\$name", "\$name")
assertEquals("\$name", "$$name")
```
If you need legacy literal-dollar behavior in a file, add:
```lyng
// feature: interpolation: off
```
See [Tutorial](tutorial.md).
### Matrix and Vector Module (`lyng.matrix`)
Lyng now ships a dense linear algebra module with immutable double-precision `Matrix` and `Vector` types.
It provides:
- `matrix([[...]])` and `vector([...])`
- matrix multiplication
- matrix inversion
- determinant, trace, rank
- solving `A * x = b`
- vector operations such as `dot`, `normalize`, `cross`, and `outer`
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val a: Matrix = matrix([[4, 7], [2, 6]])
val inv: Matrix = a.inverse()
assert(abs(inv.get(0, 0) - 0.6) < 1e-9)
```
Matrices also support Lyng-style slicing:
```lyng
import lyng.matrix
val m: Matrix = matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
assertEquals(6.0, m[1, 2])
val column: Matrix = m[0..2, 2]
val tail: Matrix = m[1.., 1..]
assertEquals([[3.0], [6.0], [9.0]], column.toList())
assertEquals([[5.0, 6.0], [8.0, 9.0]], tail.toList())
```
See [Matrix](Matrix.md).
### Multiple Selectors in Bracket Indexing
Bracket indexing now accepts more than one selector:
```lyng
value[i]
value[i, j]
value[i, j, k]
```
For custom indexers, multiple selectors are packed into one list-like index object and dispatched through `getAt` / `putAt`.
This is the rule used by `lyng.matrix` and by embedding APIs for Kotlin-backed indexers.
### Decimal Arithmetic Module (`lyng.decimal`)
Lyng now ships a first-class decimal module built as a regular extension library rather than a deep core special case.
It provides:
- `Decimal`
- `BigDecimal`
- convenient `.d` conversions from `Int`, `Real`, and `String`
- mixed arithmetic with `Int` and `Real`
- local division precision and rounding control via `withDecimalContext(...)`
@ -153,46 +35,6 @@ The distinction between `Real -> Decimal` and exact decimal parsing is explicit
See [Decimal](Decimal.md).
### Complex Numbers (`lyng.complex`)
Lyng also ships a complex-number module for ordinary arithmetic in the complex plane.
```lyng
import lyng.complex
assertEquals(Complex(1.0, 2.0), 1 + 2.i)
assertEquals(Complex(2.0, 2.0), 2.i + 2)
val z = 1 + π.i
println(z.exp())
```
See [Complex](Complex.md).
### Legacy Digest Module (`lyng.legacy_digest`)
For situations where an external protocol or file format requires a SHA-1 value,
Lyng now ships a `lyng.legacy_digest` module backed by a pure Kotlin/KMP
implementation with no extra dependencies.
> ⚠️ SHA-1 is cryptographically broken. Use only for legacy-compatibility work.
```lyng
import lyng.legacy_digest
val hex = LegacyDigest.sha1("abc")
// → "a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d"
// Also accepts raw bytes:
import lyng.buffer
val buf = Buffer.decodeHex("616263")
assertEquals(hex, LegacyDigest.sha1(buf))
```
The name `LegacyDigest` is intentional: it signals that these algorithms belong
to a compatibility layer, not to a current security toolkit.
See [LegacyDigest](LegacyDigest.md).
### Binary Operator Interop Registry
Lyng now provides a general mechanism for mixed binary operators through `lyng.operators`.
@ -327,30 +169,13 @@ Singleton objects are declared using the `object` keyword. They provide a conven
```lyng
object Config {
val version = "1.5.6-SNAPSHOT"
val version = "1.5.0-SNAPSHOT"
fun show() = println("Config version: " + version)
}
Config.show()
```
Named singleton objects can also be used as extension receivers:
```lyng
object X {
fun base() = "base"
}
fun X.decorate(value): String {
this.base() + ":" + value.toString()
}
val X.tag get() = this.base() + ":tag"
assertEquals("base:42", X.decorate(42))
assertEquals("base:tag", X.tag)
```
### Nested Declarations and Lifted Enums
You can now declare classes, objects, enums, and type aliases inside another class. These nested declarations live in the class namespace (no outer instance capture) and are accessed with a qualifier.
@ -467,124 +292,8 @@ x.clamp(0..10) // returns 10
`clamp()` correctly handles inclusive (`..`) and exclusive (`..<`) ranges. For discrete types like `Int` and `Char`, clamping to an exclusive upper bound returns the previous value.
### Immutable Collections
Lyng 1.5 adds immutable collection types for APIs that should not expose mutable state through aliases:
- `ImmutableList`
- `ImmutableSet`
- `ImmutableMap`
```lyng
val a = ImmutableList(1,2,3)
val b = a + 4
assertEquals(ImmutableList(1,2,3), a)
assertEquals(ImmutableList(1,2,3,4), b)
```
See [ImmutableList](ImmutableList.md), [ImmutableSet](ImmutableSet.md), and [ImmutableMap](ImmutableMap.md).
### Observable Mutable Lists
For reactive-style code, `lyng.observable` provides `ObservableList` with hooks and change streams.
```lyng
import lyng.observable
val xs = [1,2].observable()
xs.onChange { println("changed") }
xs += 3
```
You can validate or reject mutations in `beforeChange`, listen in `onChange`, and consume structured change events from `changes()`.
See [ObservableList](ObservableList.md).
### Random API
The standard library now includes a built-in random API plus deterministic seeded generators.
```lyng
val rng = Random.seeded(1234)
assert(rng.next(1..10) in 1..10)
assert(rng.next('a'..<'f') in 'a'..<'f')
```
Use:
- `Random.nextInt()`
- `Random.nextFloat()`
- `Random.next(range)`
- `Random.seeded(seed)`
## Tooling and Infrastructure
### Rich Console Apps with `lyng.io.console`
`lyngio` now includes a real console module for terminal applications:
- TTY detection
- screen clearing and cursor movement
- alternate screen buffer
- raw input mode
- typed key and resize events
```lyng
import lyng.io.console
Console.enterAltScreen()
Console.clear()
Console.moveTo(1, 1)
Console.write("Hello from Lyng console app")
Console.flush()
Console.leaveAltScreen()
```
The repository includes a full interactive Tetris sample built on this API.
See [lyng.io.console](lyng.io.console.md).
### HTTP, WebSocket, TCP, and UDP in `lyngio`
`lyngio` grew from filesystem/process support into a broader application-facing I/O library. In 1.5.x it includes:
- `lyng.io.http` for HTTP/HTTPS client calls
- `lyng.io.ws` for WebSocket clients
- `lyng.io.net` for raw TCP/UDP transport
HTTP example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.http
val r = Http.get("https://example.com")
println(r.status)
println(r.text())
```
TCP example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.net
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", 4040)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
println(socket.readLine())
socket.close()
```
WebSocket example:
```lyng
import lyng.io.ws
val ws = Ws.connect("wss://example.com/socket")
ws.sendText("hello")
println(ws.receive())
ws.close()
```
These modules are capability-gated and host-installed, keeping Lyng safe by default while making networked scripts practical when enabled.
See [lyngio overview](lyngio.md), [lyng.io.db](lyng.io.db.md), [lyng.io.http](lyng.io.http.md), [lyng.io.ws](lyng.io.ws.md), and [lyng.io.net](lyng.io.net.md).
### CLI: Formatting Command
A new `fmt` subcommand has been added to the Lyng CLI.
@ -594,15 +303,6 @@ lyng fmt --in-place MyFile.lyng # Format file in-place
lyng fmt --check MyFile.lyng # Check if file needs formatting
```
### CLI: Better Terminal Workflows
The CLI is no longer just a script launcher. In the 1.5 line it also gained:
- built-in formatter support
- integrated `lyng.io.console` support for terminal programs
- downloadable packaged distributions for easier local use
This makes CLI-first scripting and console applications much more practical than in earlier releases.
### IDEA Plugin: Autocompletion
Experimental lightweight autocompletion is now available in the IntelliJ plugin. It features type-aware member suggestions and inheritance-aware completion.

View File

@ -1,325 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env lyng
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
import lyng.io.fs
val DB_FILE_NAME = "contents.db"
val ANSI_ESC = "\u001b["
val NEWLINE = "\n"
val WINDOWS_SEPARATOR = "\\"
val SQLITE_JOURNAL_SUFFIXES = ["-wal", "-shm", "-journal"]
val USAGE_TEXT = "
Lyng content index
Scan a directory tree, diff it against a SQLite snapshot, and optionally refresh the snapshot.
usage:
lyng examples/content_index_db.lyng <root> [-u|--update]
options:
-u, --update write the current scan back to $DB_FILE_NAME
notes:
- the database lives inside <root>/$DB_FILE_NAME
- on first run the snapshot is created automatically
- the script ignores its own SQLite sidecar files
"
val CREATE_FILE_INDEX_SQL = "
create table if not exists file_index(
path text primary key not null,
size integer not null,
mtime integer not null
)
"
val CREATE_CURRENT_SCAN_SQL = "
create temp table current_scan(
path text primary key not null,
size integer not null,
mtime integer not null
)
"
val SELECT_ADDED_SQL = "
select
c.path,
c.size,
c.mtime
from current_scan c
left join file_index f on f.path = c.path
where f.path is null
order by c.path
"
val SELECT_REMOVED_SQL = "
select f.path, f.size, f.mtime
from file_index f
left join current_scan c on c.path = f.path
where c.path is null
order by f.path
"
val SELECT_CHANGED_SQL = "
select c.path, f.size as old_size, c.size as new_size, f.mtime as old_mtime,
c.mtime as new_mtime
from current_scan c
join file_index f on f.path = c.path
where c.size != f.size or c.mtime != f.mtime
order by c.path
"
val DELETE_MISSING_SQL = "
delete from file_index
where not exists (
select 1
from current_scan c
where c.path = file_index.path
)
"
val UPSERT_SCAN_SQL = "
insert or replace into file_index(path, size, mtime)
select path, size, mtime
from current_scan
"
val INSERT_SCAN_ROW_SQL = "
insert into current_scan(path, size, mtime)
values(?, ?, ?)
"
val USE_COLOR = true
class CliOptions(val rootText: String, val updateSnapshot: Bool) {}
fun out(text: String? = null): Void {
if (text == null) {
print(NEWLINE)
return
}
print(text + NEWLINE)
}
fun paint(code: String, text: String): String {
if (!USE_COLOR) return text
ANSI_ESC + code + "m" + text + ANSI_ESC + "0m"
}
fun bold(text: String): String = paint("1", text)
fun dim(text: String): String = paint("2", text)
fun cyan(text: String): String = paint("36", text)
fun green(text: String): String = paint("32", text)
fun yellow(text: String): String = paint("33", text)
fun red(text: String): String = paint("31", text)
fun signed(value: Int): String = if (value > 0) "+" + value else value.toString()
fun plural(count: Int, one: String, many: String): String {
if (count == 1) return one
many
}
fun childPath(parent: Path, name: String): Path {
val base = parent.toString()
if (base.endsWith("/") || base.endsWith(WINDOWS_SEPARATOR)) {
return Path(base + name)
}
Path(base + "/" + name)
}
fun relativePath(root: Path, file: Path): String {
val parts: List<String> = []
for (i in root.segments.size..<file.segments.size) {
parts.add(file.segments[i] as String)
}
parts.joinToString("/")
}
fun isDatabaseArtifact(relative: String): Bool {
relative == DB_FILE_NAME || SQLITE_JOURNAL_SUFFIXES.any { relative == DB_FILE_NAME + (it as String) }
}
fun printUsage(message: String? = null): Void {
if (message != null && message.trim().isNotEmpty()) {
out(red("error: ") + message)
out()
}
out(bold(USAGE_TEXT))
}
fun parseArgs(argv: List<String>): CliOptions? {
var rootText: String? = null
var updateSnapshot = false
for (arg in argv) {
when (arg) {
"-u", "--update" -> updateSnapshot = true
"-h", "--help" -> {
printUsage()
return null
}
else -> {
if (arg.startsWith("-")) {
printUsage("unknown option: " + arg)
return null
}
if (rootText != null) {
printUsage("only one root path is allowed")
return null
}
rootText = arg
}
}
}
if (rootText == null) {
printUsage("missing required <root> argument")
return null
}
CliOptions(rootText as String, updateSnapshot)
}
fun printBanner(root: Path, dbFile: Path, dbWasCreated: Bool, updateSnapshot: Bool): Void {
val mode =
if (dbWasCreated) "bootstrap snapshot"
else if (updateSnapshot) "scan + refresh snapshot"
else "scan only"
out(cyan("== Lyng content index =="))
out(dim("root: " + root))
out(dim("db: " + dbFile))
out(dim("mode: " + mode))
out()
}
fun printSection(title: String, accent: (String)->String, rows: List<SqlRow>, render: (SqlRow)->String): Void {
out(accent(title + " (" + rows.size + ")"))
if (rows.isEmpty()) {
out(dim(" none"))
out()
return
}
for (row in rows) {
out(render(row))
}
out()
}
fun renderAdded(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val size = row["size"] as Int
val mtime = row["mtime"] as Int
" " + green("+") + " " + bold(path) + dim(" %12d B mtime %d"(size, mtime))
}
fun renderRemoved(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val size = row["size"] as Int
val mtime = row["mtime"] as Int
" " + red("-") + " " + bold(path) + dim(" %12d B mtime %d"(size, mtime))
}
fun renderChanged(row: SqlRow): String {
val path = row["path"] as String
val oldSize = row["old_size"] as Int
val newSize = row["new_size"] as Int
val oldMtime = row["old_mtime"] as Int
val newMtime = row["new_mtime"] as Int
val sizeDelta = newSize - oldSize
val mtimeDelta = newMtime - oldMtime
" " + yellow("~") + " " + bold(path) +
dim(
" size %d -> %d (%s B), mtime %d -> %d (%s ms)"(
oldSize,
newSize,
signed(sizeDelta),
oldMtime,
newMtime,
signed(mtimeDelta)
)
)
}
fun loadRows(tx: SqlTransaction, query: String): List<SqlRow> = tx.select(query).toList()
fun main() {
val argv: List<String> = []
for (raw in ARGV as List) {
argv.add(raw as String)
}
val options = parseArgs(argv)
if (options == null) {
return
}
val root = Path(options.rootText)
if (!root.exists()) {
printUsage("root does not exist: " + root)
return
}
if (!root.isDirectory()) {
printUsage("root is not a directory: " + root)
return
}
val dbFile = childPath(root, DB_FILE_NAME)
val dbWasCreated = !dbFile.exists()
val shouldUpdateSnapshot = dbWasCreated || options.updateSnapshot
printBanner(root, dbFile, dbWasCreated, shouldUpdateSnapshot)
val db = openSqlite(dbFile.toString())
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute(CREATE_FILE_INDEX_SQL)
tx.execute("drop table if exists temp.current_scan")
tx.execute(CREATE_CURRENT_SCAN_SQL)
var scannedFiles = 0
for (rawEntry in root.glob("**")) {
val entry = rawEntry as Path
if (!entry.isFile()) continue
val relative = relativePath(root, entry)
if (isDatabaseArtifact(relative)) continue
val size = entry.size() ?: 0
val mtime = entry.modifiedAtMillis() ?: 0
tx.execute(INSERT_SCAN_ROW_SQL, relative, size, mtime)
scannedFiles++
}
val added = loadRows(tx, SELECT_ADDED_SQL)
val removed = loadRows(tx, SELECT_REMOVED_SQL)
val changed = loadRows(tx, SELECT_CHANGED_SQL)
val totalChanges = added.size + removed.size + changed.size
out(dim("scanned %d %s under %s"(scannedFiles, plural(scannedFiles, "file", "files"), root.toString())))
out(dim("detected %d %s"(totalChanges, plural(totalChanges, "change", "changes"))))
out()
printSection("Added", { green(it) }, added) { renderAdded(it) }
printSection("Removed", { red(it) }, removed) { renderRemoved(it) }
printSection("Changed", { yellow(it) }, changed) { renderChanged(it) }
if (shouldUpdateSnapshot) {
tx.execute(DELETE_MISSING_SQL)
tx.execute(UPSERT_SCAN_SQL)
val action = if (dbWasCreated) "created" else "updated"
out(cyan("snapshot " + action + " in " + dbFile.name))
} else {
out(dim("snapshot unchanged; re-run with -u or --update to persist the scan"))
}
}
}
main()

View File

@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
#!/env/bin lyng
import lyng.io.http
// Step 1: download the main lynglang.com page.
val home = Http.get("https://lynglang.com").text()
// Step 2: find the version-script reference in the page HTML.
val jsRef = "src=\"([^\"]*lyng-version\\.js)\"".re.find(home)
require(jsRef != null, "lyng-version.js reference not found on the homepage")
// Step 3: extract the referenced script path from the first regex capture.
val versionJsPath = jsRef[1]
// Step 4: download the script that exposes `window.LYNG_VERSION`.
val versionJs = Http.get("https://lynglang.com/" + versionJsPath).text()
// Step 5: pull the actual version string from the JavaScript source.
val versionMatch = "LYNG_VERSION\\s*=\\s*\"([^\"]+)\"".re.find(versionJs)
require(versionMatch != null, "LYNG_VERSION assignment not found")
// Step 6: print the discovered version for the user.
println("Lynglang.com version: " + ((versionMatch as RegexMatch)[1]))

View File

@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
import lyng.time
val n = 700_000
fun tm<T>(block: ()->T): T {
val t = Instant()
block().also {
println("tm: ${Instant() - t}")
}
}
val x = tm { List.fill(n) { it * 10 + 1 } }
val y = tm { List.fill(n, n + 10) { it * 10 + 1 } }
tm { x.add(-1) }
tm { y.add(-2) }

View File

@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
fun calculateDepth(
T: Real,
m: Real,
d: Real,
rho: Real = 1.2,
c: Real = 340.0,
g: Real = 9.81,
Cd: Real = 0.5,
eps: Real = 1e-3,
maxIter: Int = 100
): Real? {
// Площадь миделя
val r = d / 2.0
val A = π * r * r
// Коэффициент сопротивления
val k = 0.5 * Cd * rho * A
// Предельная скорость
val vTerm = sqrt(m * g / k)
// Функция времени падения с высоты h
fun tFall(h: Real): Real {
// Для численной стабильности при больших h используем логарифмическую форму
val arg = exp(g * h / (vTerm * vTerm))
// arcosh(x) = ln(x + sqrt(x^2 - 1))
val arcosh = ln(arg + sqrt(arg * arg - 1.0))
return vTerm / g * arcosh
}
// Полное расчётное время
fun Tcalc(h: Real): Real = tFall(h) + h / c
// Находим интервал, содержащий корень
// Нижняя граница: глубина не может быть отрицательной
var lo = 0.0
// Верхняя граница: сначала попробуем оценку по свободному падению (без звука)
var hi = 0.5 * g * T * T // максимальная глубина, если бы не было сопротивления и звука
// Уточним hi, чтобы Tcalc(hi) было заведомо больше T
while (Tcalc(hi) < T && hi < 1e4) {
hi *= 2.0
}
// Проверка, что hi достаточно велико
if (Tcalc(hi) < T) return null // слишком большая глубина, не укладываемся в разумное
// Бисекция
var iter = 0
var h = (lo + hi) / 2.0
while (iter < maxIter && (hi - lo) > eps) {
val f = Tcalc(h) - T
if (abs(f) < eps) break
if (f > 0) {
hi = h
} else {
lo = h
}
h = (lo + hi) / 2.0
iter++
}
return h
}
// Пример: T=12 секунд
val T = 26.0
val m = 1.0 // кг
val d = 0.1 // м
val depth = calculateDepth(T, m, d)
if (depth != null) {
println("Глубина: %.2f м"(depth))
// Для проверки выведем теоретическое время при найденной глубине
// (можно добавить функцию для самопроверки)
} else {
println("Расчёт не сошёлся")
}

View File

@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
println("H2 JDBC demo: typed open, generic open, generated keys")
val db = openH2("mem:lyng_h2_demo;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists person(id bigint auto_increment primary key, name varchar(120) not null, active boolean not null)")
tx.execute("delete from person")
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into person(name, active) values(?, ?)",
"Ada",
true
)
val firstId = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys().toList()[0][0]
assertEquals(1, firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into person(name, active) values(?, ?)",
"Linus",
false
)
val rows = tx.select("select id, name, active from person order by id").toList()
assertEquals(2, rows.size)
println("#" + rows[0]["id"] + " " + rows[0]["name"] + " active=" + rows[0]["active"])
println("#" + rows[1]["id"] + " " + rows[1]["name"] + " active=" + rows[1]["active"])
}
val genericDb = openDatabase(
"jdbc:h2:mem:lyng_h2_generic;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1",
Map()
)
val answer = genericDb.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
println("Generic JDBC openDatabase(...) also works: answer=$answer")
println("OK")

View File

@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.http.server
closed class CreateUserRequest(name: String, age: Int)
closed class CreateUserResponse(id: Int, name: String, age: Int)
val server = HttpServer()
server.postPath("/api/users") {
val req = jsonBody<CreateUserRequest>()
if (req.name.isBlank()) {
respondJson({ error: "name must not be empty" }, 400)
return
}
respondJson(CreateUserResponse(101, req.name, req.age), 201)
}
server.listen(8080, "127.0.0.1")

View File

@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
import lyng.time
val WORK_SIZE = 500
val THREADS = 1
fn piSpigot(iThread: Int, n: Int) {
var piIter = 0
var pi = List.fill(n) { 0 }
val boxes = n * 10 / 3
var reminders = List.fill(boxes) { 2 }
var heldDigits = 0
for (i in 0..<n) {
var carriedOver = 0
var sum = 0
for (j in (boxes - 1) downTo 0) {
val denom = j * 2 + 1
reminders[j] *= 10
sum = reminders[j] + carriedOver
val quotient = sum / denom
reminders[j] = sum % denom
carriedOver = quotient * j
}
reminders[0] = sum % 10
var q = sum / 10
if (q == 9) {
++heldDigits
} else if (q == 10) {
q = 0
for (k in 1..heldDigits) {
var replaced = pi[i - k]
if (replaced == 9) {
replaced = 0
} else {
++replaced
}
pi[i - k] = replaced
}
heldDigits = 1
} else {
heldDigits = 1
}
pi[piIter] = q
++piIter
}
var res = ""
for (i in (n - 8)..<n) {
res += pi[i]
}
println(iThread.toString() + ": " + res)
res
}
for( r in 0..100 ) {
val t0 = Instant()
println("piBench (lyng): THREADS = " + THREADS + ", WORK_SIZE = " + WORK_SIZE)
for (i in 0..<THREADS) {
piSpigot(i, WORK_SIZE)
}
val dt = Instant() - t0
println("all done, dt = ", dt)
delay(800)
}

View File

@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
# Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
import time
from multiprocessing import Process
def piSpigot(iThread, nx):
piIter = 0
pi = [None] * nx
boxes = nx * 10 // 3
reminders = [None]*boxes
i = 0
while i < boxes:
reminders[i] = 2
i += 1
heldDigits = 0
i = 0
while i < nx:
carriedOver = 0
sum = 0
j = boxes - 1
while j >= 0:
reminders[j] *= 10
sum = reminders[j] + carriedOver
quotient = sum // (j * 2 + 1)
reminders[j] = sum % (j * 2 + 1)
carriedOver = quotient * j
j -= 1
reminders[0] = sum % 10
q = sum // 10
if q == 9:
heldDigits += 1
elif q == 10:
q = 0
k = 1
while k <= heldDigits:
replaced = pi[i - k]
if replaced == 9:
replaced = 0
else:
replaced += 1
pi[i - k] = replaced
k += 1
heldDigits = 1
else:
heldDigits = 1
pi[piIter] = q
piIter += 1
i += 1
res = ""
for i in range(len(pi)-8, len(pi), 1):
res += str(pi[i])
print(str(iThread) + ": " + res)
def createProcesses():
THREADS = 1
WORK_SIZE = 500
print("piBench (python3): THREADS = " + str(THREADS) + ", WORK_SIZE = " + str(WORK_SIZE))
pa = []
for i in range(THREADS):
p = Process(target=piSpigot, args=(i, WORK_SIZE))
p.start()
pa.append(p)
for p in pa:
p.join()
if __name__ == "__main__":
t1 = time.time()
createProcesses()
dt = time.time() - t1
print("total time: %i ms" % (dt*1000))

View File

@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db.jdbc
/*
PostgreSQL JDBC demo.
Usage:
lyng examples/postgres_basic.lyng [jdbc-url] [user] [password]
Typical local URL:
jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/postgres
*/
fun cliArgs(): List<String> {
val result: List<String> = []
for (raw in ARGV as List) {
result.add(raw as String)
}
return result
}
val argv = cliArgs()
val URL = if (argv.size > 0) argv[0] else "jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1/postgres"
val USER = if (argv.size > 1) argv[1] else ""
val PASSWORD = if (argv.size > 2) argv[2] else ""
println("PostgreSQL JDBC demo: typed open, generated keys, nested transaction")
val db = openPostgres(URL, USER, PASSWORD)
db.transaction { tx ->
tx.execute("create table if not exists lyng_pg_demo(id bigserial primary key, title text not null, done boolean not null)")
tx.execute("delete from lyng_pg_demo")
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"Verify PostgreSQL JDBC support",
false
)
val firstId = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys().toList()[0][0]
println("First generated id=" + firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"Review documentation",
true
)
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute(
"insert into lyng_pg_demo(title, done) values(?, ?)",
"This row is rolled back",
false
)
throw IllegalStateException("rollback nested")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
println("Nested transaction rolled back as expected")
}
val rows = tx.select("select id, title, done from lyng_pg_demo order by id").toList()
for (row in rows) {
println("#" + row["id"] + " " + row["title"] + " done=" + row["done"])
}
val count = tx.select("select count(*) as count from lyng_pg_demo").toList()[0]["count"]
assertEquals(2, count)
println("Visible rows after nested rollback: " + count)
}
println("OK")

View File

@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
import lyng.time
println("SQLite demo: typed open, generic open, result sets, generated keys, nested rollback")
// The typed helper is the simplest entry point when you know you want SQLite.
val db = openSqlite(":memory:")
db.transaction { tx ->
// Keep schema creation and data changes inside one transaction block.
tx.execute("create table task(id integer primary key autoincrement, title text not null, done integer not null, due_date date not null)")
// execute(...) is for side-effect statements. Generated keys are read from
// ExecutionResult rather than from a synthetic row-returning INSERT.
val firstInsert = tx.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"Write a SQLite example",
false,
Date(2026, 4, 15)
)
val firstGeneratedKeys = firstInsert.getGeneratedKeys()
val firstId = firstGeneratedKeys.toList()[0][0]
assertEquals(1, firstId)
tx.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"Review the DB API",
true,
Date(2026, 4, 16)
)
// Nested transactions are real savepoints. If the inner block fails,
// only the nested work is rolled back.
try {
tx.transaction { inner ->
inner.execute(
"insert into task(title, done, due_date) values(?, ?, ?)",
"This row is rolled back",
false,
Date(2026, 4, 17)
)
throw IllegalStateException("demonstrate nested rollback")
}
} catch (_: IllegalStateException) {
println("Nested transaction rolled back as expected")
}
// select(...) is for row-producing statements. ResultSet exposes metadata,
// cheap emptiness checks, iteration, and conversion to a plain list.
val tasks = tx.select("select id, title, done, due_date from task order by id")
assertEquals(false, tasks.isEmpty())
assertEquals(2, tasks.size())
println("Columns:")
for (column in tasks.columns) {
println(" " + column.name + " -> " + column.sqlType + " (native " + column.nativeType + ")")
}
val taskRows = tasks.toList()
println("Rows:")
for (row in taskRows) {
// Name lookups are case-insensitive and values are already converted.
println(" #" + row["ID"] + " " + row["title"] + " done=" + row["done"] + " due=" + row["due_date"])
}
// toList() materializes detached rows that stay usable after transaction close.
val snapshot = tx.select("select title, due_date from task order by id").toList()
assertEquals("Write a SQLite example", snapshot[0]["title"])
assertEquals(Date(2026, 4, 16), snapshot[1]["due_date"])
val count = tx.select("select count(*) as count from task").toList()[0]["count"]
assertEquals(2, count)
println("Visible rows after nested rollback: $count")
}
// The generic entry point stays useful for config-driven code.
val genericDb = openDatabase(
"sqlite::memory:",{ foreignKeys: true, busyTimeoutMillis: 1000 }
)
val answer = genericDb.transaction { tx ->
tx.select("select 42 as answer").toList()[0]["answer"]
}
assertEquals(42, answer)
println("Generic openDatabase(...) also works: answer=$answer")
println("OK")

View File

@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.db.sqlite
println("SQLite serialization demo: write-side projection and decodeAs<T>()")
class Payload(name: String, count: Int)
class Item(
id: Int,
title: String,
@DbJson meta: Payload,
@DbLynon state: Payload
) {
var note: String = ""
@DbExcept var cache: String = ""
}
val restored = openSqlite(":memory:").transaction { tx ->
tx.execute(
"create table item(id integer not null, title text not null, meta text not null, state blob not null, note text not null)"
)
val item = Item(1, "first", Payload("json", 10), Payload("bin", 20))
item.note = "created"
item.cache = "not stored"
tx.execute("insert into item(@cols(?1)) values(@vals(?1))", item)
item.title = "second"
item.meta = Payload("json2", 11)
item.state = Payload("bin2", 21)
item.note = "updated"
tx.execute(
"update item set @set(?1 except: \"id\") where id = ?2",
item,
item.id
)
val restored = tx.select("select * from item where id = ?", 1).decodeAs<Item>().first
assertEquals("second", restored.title)
assertEquals("json2", restored.meta.name)
assertEquals(11, restored.meta.count)
assertEquals("bin2", restored.state.name)
assertEquals(21, restored.state.count)
assertEquals("updated", restored.note)
restored
}
println("Restored item:")
println(" id=" + restored.id)
println(" title=" + restored.title)
println(" meta=" + restored.meta.name + "/" + restored.meta.count)
println(" state=" + restored.state.name + "/" + restored.state.count)
println(" note=" + restored.note)
println("OK")

View File

@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val port = 8092
val N = 5
val server = Net.tcpListen(port, host)
println("start tcp server at $host:$port")
fun serveClient(client: TcpSocket) = launch {
try {
while (true) {
val data = client.read()
if (data == null) break
var line = (data as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
line = "[" + client.remoteAddress() + "]> " + line
println(line)
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [reader]: " + e)
}
}
fun serveRequests(server: TcpServer) = launch {
val readers = []
try {
for (i in 0..<5) {
val client = server.accept()
println("accept new connection: " + client.remoteAddress())
readers.add(serveClient(client as TcpSocket))
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [listener]: " + e)
} finally {
server.close()
}
for (i in 0..<readers.size) {
val reader = readers[i]
(reader as Deferred).await()
}
}
val srv = serveRequests(server as TcpServer)
var clients = []
for (i in 0..<N) {
//delay(500)
clients.add(launch {
try{
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping1ping2ping3ping4ping5")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
} catch (e) {
println("ERROR [client]: " + e)
}
})
}
for (i in 0..<clients.size) {
val c = clients[i]
(c as Deferred).await()
println("client done")
}
srv.await()
delay(10000)
println("FIN")

View File

@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val clientCount = 1000
val clientWindow = 128
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, host, clientWindow, true)
val port = server.localAddress().port
fun payloadFor(index: Int) = "$index:${Random.nextInt()}:${Random.nextInt()}"
val serverJob = launch {
try {
while (true) {
val client = server.accept()
launch {
try {
client.readLine()?.let { source ->
client.writeUtf8("pong: $source\n")
client.flush()
}
} finally {
client.close()
}
}
}
} catch (e) {
if (server.isOpen()) {
throw e
}
} finally {
if (server.isOpen()) {
server.close()
}
}
}
var completed = 0
for (batchStart in 0..<clientCount step clientWindow) {
val batchEnd = if (batchStart + clientWindow < clientCount) batchStart + clientWindow else clientCount
val replies = (batchStart..<batchEnd).map { index ->
val payload = payloadFor(index)
launch {
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port) as TcpSocket
try {
socket.writeUtf8(payload + "\n")
socket.flush()
val reply = socket.readLine()
assertEquals("pong: $payload", reply)
} finally {
socket.close()
}
}
}.joinAll()
completed += replies.size
}
assertEquals(clientCount, completed)
server.close()
serverJob.await()
println("OK: $clientCount concurrent tcp clients")

View File

@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ val UNICODE_BOTTOM_RIGHT = "┘"
val UNICODE_HORIZONTAL = "──"
val UNICODE_VERTICAL = "│"
val UNICODE_DOT = "· "
val PIECES: List<Piece> = []
type Cell = List<Int>
type Rotation = List<Cell>
@ -80,30 +79,6 @@ class GameState(
var paused = false
}
class LoopFrame(val resized: Bool, val originRow: Int, val originCol: Int) {}
class InputBuffer {
private val mutex: Mutex = Mutex()
private val items: List<String> = []
fun push(value: String): Void {
mutex.withLock {
if (items.size >= MAX_PENDING_INPUTS) {
items.removeAt(0)
}
items.add(value)
}
}
fun drain(): List<String> {
val out: List<String> = []
mutex.withLock {
while (items.size > 0) {
out.add(items[0])
items.removeAt(0)
}
}
out
}
}
fun clearAndHome() {
Console.clear()
@ -493,6 +468,8 @@ fun rot(a: Cell, b: Cell, c: Cell, d: Cell): Rotation {
r
}
val PIECES: List<Piece> = []
val iRots: Rotations = []
iRots.add(rot(cell(0,1), cell(1,1), cell(2,1), cell(3,1)))
iRots.add(rot(cell(2,0), cell(2,1), cell(2,2), cell(2,3)))
@ -564,8 +541,9 @@ if (!Console.isSupported()) {
)
var prevFrameLines: List<String> = []
val gameMutex: Mutex = Mutex()
var forceRedraw = false
val inputBuffer: InputBuffer = InputBuffer()
val pendingInputs: List<String> = []
val rawModeEnabled = Console.setRawMode(true)
if (!rawModeEnabled) {
@ -665,7 +643,13 @@ if (!Console.isSupported()) {
continue
}
val mapped = if (ctrl && (key == "c" || key == "C")) "__CTRL_C__" else key
inputBuffer.push(mapped)
val mm: Mutex = gameMutex
mm.withLock {
if (pendingInputs.size >= MAX_PENDING_INPUTS) {
pendingInputs.removeAt(0)
}
pendingInputs.add(mapped)
}
}
}
} catch (eventErr: Object) {
@ -762,11 +746,19 @@ if (!Console.isSupported()) {
continue
}
val toApply = inputBuffer.drain()
if (toApply.size > 0) {
for (k in toApply) {
applyKeyInput(state, k)
if (!state.running || state.gameOver) break
val mm: Mutex = gameMutex
mm.withLock {
if (pendingInputs.size > 0) {
val toApply: List<String> = []
while (pendingInputs.size > 0) {
val k = pendingInputs[0]
pendingInputs.removeAt(0)
toApply.add(k)
}
for (k in toApply) {
applyKeyInput(state, k)
if (!state.running || state.gameOver) break
}
}
}
if (!state.running || state.gameOver) {

View File

@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ kotlin.mpp.enableCInteropCommonization=true
android.useAndroidX=true
android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
# other
kotlin.native.cacheKind.linuxX64=none
# Workaround: Ensure Gradle uses a JDK with `jlink` available for AGP's JDK image transform.
# On this environment, the system JDK 21 installation lacks `jlink`, causing
# :lynglib:androidJdkImage to fail. Point Gradle to a JDK that includes `jlink`.
@ -34,6 +37,6 @@ android.nonTransitiveRClass=true
#org.gradle.java.home=/home/sergeych/.jdks/corretto-21.0.9
android.experimental.lint.migrateToK2=false
android.lint.useK2Uast=false
kotlin.mpp.applyDefaultHierarchyTemplate=false
kotlin.mpp.applyDefaultHierarchyTemplate=true
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.parallel=true

View File

@ -2,28 +2,19 @@
agp = "8.5.2"
clikt = "5.0.3"
mordant = "3.0.2"
kotlin = "2.3.20"
kotlin = "2.3.0"
android-minSdk = "24"
android-compileSdk = "34"
kotlinx-coroutines = "1.10.2"
kotlinx-datetime = "0.6.1"
mp_bintools = "0.3.2"
ionspin-bignum = "0.3.10"
multik = "0.3.0"
firebaseCrashlyticsBuildtools = "3.0.3"
okioVersion = "3.10.2"
compiler = "3.2.0-alpha11"
ktor = "3.3.1"
slf4j = "2.0.17"
sqlite-jdbc = "3.50.3.0"
h2 = "2.4.240"
postgresql = "42.7.8"
testcontainers = "1.20.6"
hikaricp = "6.2.1"
[libraries]
clikt = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt", version.ref = "clikt" }
clikt-core = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt-core", version.ref = "clikt" }
clikt-markdown = { module = "com.github.ajalt.clikt:clikt-markdown", version.ref = "clikt" }
mordant-core = { module = "com.github.ajalt.mordant:mordant-core", version.ref = "mordant" }
mordant-jvm-jna = { module = "com.github.ajalt.mordant:mordant-jvm-jna", version.ref = "mordant" }
@ -33,27 +24,11 @@ kotlinx-coroutines-core = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-c
kotlinx-datetime = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-datetime", version.ref = "kotlinx-datetime" }
mp_bintools = { module = "net.sergeych:mp_bintools", version.ref = "mp_bintools" }
ionspin-bignum = { module = "com.ionspin.kotlin:bignum", version.ref = "ionspin-bignum" }
multik-default = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:multik-default", version.ref = "multik" }
firebase-crashlytics-buildtools = { group = "com.google.firebase", name = "firebase-crashlytics-buildtools", version.ref = "firebaseCrashlyticsBuildtools" }
okio = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
okio-fakefilesystem = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio-fakefilesystem", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
okio-nodefilesystem = { module = "com.squareup.okio:okio-nodefilesystem", version.ref = "okioVersion" }
compiler = { group = "androidx.databinding", name = "compiler", version.ref = "compiler" }
ktor-client-core = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-core", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-cio = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-cio", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-curl = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-curl", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-darwin = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-darwin", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-js = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-js", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-winhttp = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-winhttp", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-client-websockets = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-client-websockets", version.ref = "ktor" }
ktor-network = { module = "io.ktor:ktor-network", version.ref = "ktor" }
slf4j-nop = { module = "org.slf4j:slf4j-nop", version.ref = "slf4j" }
sqlite-jdbc = { module = "org.xerial:sqlite-jdbc", version.ref = "sqlite-jdbc" }
h2 = { module = "com.h2database:h2", version.ref = "h2" }
postgresql = { module = "org.postgresql:postgresql", version.ref = "postgresql" }
testcontainers = { module = "org.testcontainers:testcontainers", version.ref = "testcontainers" }
testcontainers-postgresql = { module = "org.testcontainers:postgresql", version.ref = "testcontainers" }
hikaricp = { module = "com.zaxxer:HikariCP", version.ref = "hikaricp" }
[plugins]
androidLibrary = { id = "com.android.library", version.ref = "agp" }

View File

@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
[vps]
94.130.36.94 ansible_user=sergeych

View File

@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
---
- name: Setup lynglang.com static site on VPS
hosts: vps
become: yes
vars:
domain: lynglang.com
web_root: /var/www/lynglang
deploy_user: sergeych
certbot_email: real.sergeych@gmail.com
tasks:
# Debian 10 buster is EOL; security/backports repos moved to archive.debian.org
- name: Fix sources.list for Debian buster EOL
copy:
dest: /etc/apt/sources.list
content: |
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
- name: Remove stale third-party sources (broken for buster EOL)
file:
path: "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/{{ item }}"
state: absent
loop:
- cassandra.list
- icinga.list
- postgres.list
- salt-stack.list
- yarn.list
- name: Install nginx, certbot, and python3-certbot-nginx
apt:
name:
- nginx
- certbot
- python3-certbot-nginx
state: present
update_cache: yes
- name: Create web root directory
file:
path: "{{ web_root }}/release/dist"
state: directory
owner: "{{ deploy_user }}"
group: www-data
mode: "0755"
recurse: yes
- name: Create distributables directory
file:
path: "{{ web_root }}/release/dist/distributables"
state: directory
owner: "{{ deploy_user }}"
group: www-data
mode: "0755"
- name: Deploy nginx site config (HTTP, pre-certbot)
template:
src: templates/nginx_lynglang.conf.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ domain }}
notify: reload nginx
- name: Enable nginx site
file:
src: /etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ domain }}
dest: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/{{ domain }}
state: link
notify: reload nginx
- name: Disable default nginx site
file:
path: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
state: absent
notify: reload nginx
- name: Ensure nginx is started
service:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes
- name: Reload nginx before certbot
meta: flush_handlers
- name: Obtain SSL certificate via certbot (--nginx plugin)
command: >
certbot --nginx
-d {{ domain }} -d www.{{ domain }}
--non-interactive --agree-tos
--email {{ certbot_email }}
--redirect
args:
creates: /etc/letsencrypt/live/{{ domain }}/fullchain.pem
handlers:
- name: reload nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: reloaded

View File

@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ domain }} www.{{ domain }};
root {{ web_root }}/release/dist;
index index.html;
# SPA fallback
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
# Distributables served directly
location /distributables/ {
try_files $uri =404;
autoindex on;
}
# Long-lived cache for hashed assets
location ~* \.(js|css|woff2?|ttf|eot|svg|png|jpg|ico)$ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
}

View File

@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import com.intellij.execution.ui.ConsoleViewContentType
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnAction
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnActionEvent
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.CommonDataKeys
import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager
import com.intellij.openapi.fileEditor.FileDocumentManager
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project
import com.intellij.openapi.wm.ToolWindow
import com.intellij.openapi.wm.ToolWindowAnchor
@ -38,10 +36,9 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngIcons
import java.io.File
class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO + SupervisorJob())
private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default + SupervisorJob())
private fun getPsiFile(e: AnActionEvent): PsiFile? {
val project = e.project ?: return null
@ -51,99 +48,36 @@ class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
}
}
private fun getRunnableFile(e: AnActionEvent): PsiFile? {
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e) ?: return null
val virtualFile = psiFile.virtualFile ?: return null
if (!virtualFile.isInLocalFileSystem) return null
if (!psiFile.name.endsWith(".lyng")) return null
return psiFile
}
override fun update(e: AnActionEvent) {
val psiFile = getRunnableFile(e)
val isRunnable = psiFile != null
e.presentation.isEnabledAndVisible = isRunnable
if (isRunnable) {
e.presentation.text = "Run '${psiFile.name}'"
e.presentation.description = "Run the current Lyng script using the Lyng CLI"
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e)
val isLyng = psiFile?.name?.endsWith(".lyng") == true
e.presentation.isEnabledAndVisible = isLyng
if (isLyng) {
e.presentation.isEnabled = false
e.presentation.text = "Run '${psiFile.name}' (disabled)"
e.presentation.description = "Running scripts from the IDE is disabled; use the CLI."
} else {
e.presentation.text = "Run Lyng Script"
e.presentation.description = "Run the current Lyng script"
}
}
override fun actionPerformed(e: AnActionEvent) {
val project = e.project ?: return
val psiFile = getRunnableFile(e) ?: return
val virtualFile = psiFile.virtualFile ?: return
FileDocumentManager.getInstance().getDocument(virtualFile)?.let { document ->
FileDocumentManager.getInstance().saveDocument(document)
}
val filePath = virtualFile.path
val workingDir = virtualFile.parent?.path ?: project.basePath ?: File(filePath).parent
val psiFile = getPsiFile(e) ?: return
val fileName = psiFile.name
val (console, toolWindow) = getConsoleAndToolWindow(project)
console.clear()
toolWindow.show {
scope.launch {
val command = startLyngProcess(filePath, workingDir)
if (command == null) {
printToConsole(console, "Unable to start Lyng CLI.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
printToConsole(console, "Tried commands: lyng, jlyng.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT)
printToConsole(console, "Install `lyng` or `jlyng` and make sure it is available on PATH.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
return@launch
}
printToConsole(
console,
"Running ${command.commandLine} in ${command.workingDir}\n",
ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT
)
streamProcess(command.process, console)
val exitCode = command.process.waitFor()
val outputType = if (exitCode == 0) ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT else ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT
printToConsole(console, "\nProcess finished with exit code $exitCode\n", outputType)
console.print("--- Run is disabled ---\n", ConsoleViewContentType.SYSTEM_OUTPUT)
console.print("Lyng now runs in bytecode-only mode; the IDE no longer evaluates scripts.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
console.print("Use the CLI to run scripts, e.g. `lyng run $fileName`.\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT)
}
}
}
private suspend fun streamProcess(process: Process, console: ConsoleView) {
val stdout = scope.launch {
process.inputStream.bufferedReader().useLines { lines ->
lines.forEach { printToConsole(console, "$it\n", ConsoleViewContentType.NORMAL_OUTPUT) }
}
}
val stderr = scope.launch {
process.errorStream.bufferedReader().useLines { lines ->
lines.forEach { printToConsole(console, "$it\n", ConsoleViewContentType.ERROR_OUTPUT) }
}
}
stdout.join()
stderr.join()
}
private fun printToConsole(console: ConsoleView, text: String, type: ConsoleViewContentType) {
ApplicationManager.getApplication().invokeLater {
console.print(text, type)
}
}
private fun startLyngProcess(filePath: String, workingDir: String?): StartedProcess? {
val candidates = listOf("lyng", "jlyng")
for (candidate in candidates) {
try {
val process = ProcessBuilder(candidate, filePath)
.directory(workingDir?.let(::File))
.start()
return StartedProcess(process, "$candidate $filePath", workingDir ?: File(filePath).parent.orEmpty())
} catch (_: java.io.IOException) {
// Try the next candidate when the command is not available.
}
}
return null
}
private fun getConsoleAndToolWindow(project: Project): Pair<ConsoleView, ToolWindow> {
val toolWindowManager = ToolWindowManager.getInstance(project)
var toolWindow = toolWindowManager.getToolWindow(ToolWindowId.RUN)
@ -172,10 +106,4 @@ class RunLyngScriptAction : AnAction(LyngIcons.FILE) {
contentManager.setSelectedContent(content)
return console to actualToolWindow
}
private data class StartedProcess(
val process: Process,
val commandLine: String,
val workingDir: String
)
}

View File

@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class LyngDocumentationProvider : AbstractDocumentationProvider() {
// Try literal and call-based receiver inference around the dot
val i = TextCtx.prevNonWs(text, dotPos - 1)
val className: String? = when {
i >= 0 && (text[i] == '"' || text[i] == '`') -> "String"
i >= 0 && text[i] == '"' -> "String"
i >= 0 && text[i] == ']' -> "List"
i >= 0 && text[i] == '}' -> "Dict"
i >= 0 && text[i] == ')' -> {

View File

@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import com.intellij.psi.codeStyle.CodeStyleManager
import com.intellij.psi.impl.source.codeStyle.PreFormatProcessor
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatConfig
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatter
import net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngStringDelimiterPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngLanguage
/**
@ -171,7 +170,6 @@ class LyngPreFormatProcessor : PreFormatProcessor {
continuationIndentSize = options.CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(options.INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(1)),
applySpacing = true,
applyWrapping = false,
stringDelimiterPolicy = LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
val r = if (runFullFileIndent) currentLocalRange() else workingRangeLocal.intersection(currentLocalRange()) ?: currentLocalRange()
val text = doc.getText(r)
@ -191,7 +189,6 @@ class LyngPreFormatProcessor : PreFormatProcessor {
continuationIndentSize = options.CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(options.INDENT_SIZE.coerceAtLeast(1)),
applySpacing = settings.enableSpacing,
applyWrapping = true,
stringDelimiterPolicy = LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
val r = if (runFullFileIndent) currentLocalRange() else workingRangeLocal.intersection(currentLocalRange()) ?: currentLocalRange()
val text = doc.getText(r)

View File

@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ class LyngLexer : LexerBase() {
return
}
// String "...", `...`, or '...' with simple escape handling
if (ch == '"' || ch == '\'' || ch == '`') {
// String "..." or '...' with simple escape handling
if (ch == '"' || ch == '\'') {
val quote = ch
i++
while (i < endOffset) {

View File

@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.highlight.offsetOf
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngFileType
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngAstManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.LyngIdeaImportProvider
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util.TextCtx
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.IdeLenientImportProvider
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisRequest
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class LyngPsiReference(element: PsiElement) : PsiPolyVariantReferenceBase<PsiEle
private fun loadMini(file: PsiFile): MiniScript? {
LyngAstManager.getMiniAst(file)?.let { return it }
return try {
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
val provider = IdeLenientImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = file.text, fileName = file.name, importProvider = provider)

View File

@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.binding.BindingSnapshot
import net.sergeych.lyng.idea.LyngFileType
import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisRequest
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngAnalysisResult
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngDiagnostic
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.LyngLanguageTools
import net.sergeych.lyng.tools.*
object LyngAstManager {
private val MINI_KEY = Key.create<MiniScript>("lyng.mini.cache")
@ -145,8 +142,7 @@ object LyngAstManager {
val text = file.viewProvider.contents.toString()
val built = try {
DocsBootstrap.ensure()
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
val provider = IdeLenientImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = text, fileName = file.name, importProvider = provider)
@ -169,7 +165,7 @@ object LyngAstManager {
val dMini = getAnalysis(df)?.mini ?: run {
val dText = df.viewProvider.contents.toString()
try {
val provider = LyngIdeaImportProvider.create()
val provider = IdeLenientImportProvider.create()
runBlocking {
LyngLanguageTools.analyze(
LyngAnalysisRequest(text = dText, fileName = df.name, importProvider = provider)

View File

@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.util
import net.sergeych.lyng.ModuleScope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Pos
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.process.createProcessModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportManager
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportProvider
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.process.security.PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
/**
* IDE import provider that knows about optional LyngIO modules used by editor analysis.
*
* The default import manager only exposes core modules; editor features need the pluggable
* `lyng.io.*` packages available as well so imported symbols resolve without false errors.
*/
class LyngIdeaImportProvider private constructor(root: Scope) : ImportProvider(root) {
override suspend fun createModuleScope(pos: Pos, packageName: String): ModuleScope {
return try {
baseImportManager.createModuleScope(pos, packageName)
} catch (_: Throwable) {
ModuleScope(this, pos, packageName)
}
}
companion object {
private val baseImportManager: ImportManager by lazy {
Script.defaultImportManager.copy().apply {
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, this)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, this)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, this)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, this)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, this)
createProcessModule(PermitAllProcessAccessPolicy, this)
}
}
fun create(): LyngIdeaImportProvider = LyngIdeaImportProvider(baseImportManager.rootScope)
}
}

View File

@ -179,20 +179,4 @@ class LyngDefinitionFilesTest : BasePlatformTestCase() {
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for PlainDeclared", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: PlainDeclared") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for hello", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: hello") })
}
fun test_DiagnosticsResolveOptionalNetModuleSymbols() {
val code = """
import lyng.io.net
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, "127.0.0.1")
val port = server.localAddress().port
""".trimIndent()
myFixture.configureByText("main.lyng", code)
val analysis = LyngAstManager.getAnalysis(myFixture.file)
val messages = analysis?.diagnostics?.map { it.message } ?: emptyList()
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved name for Net, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved name: Net") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for tcpListen, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: tcpListen") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for localAddress, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: localAddress") })
assertTrue("Should not report unresolved member for port, got=$messages", messages.none { it.contains("unresolved member: port") })
}
}

View File

@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng.idea.highlight
import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
import org.junit.Test
class LyngLexerBacktickStringTest {
@Test
fun backtickStringGetsStringTokenAndColor() {
val lexer = LyngLexer()
val source = """val json = `{"name":"lyng","doc":"use \`quotes\`"}`"""
lexer.start(source, 0, source.length, 0)
val tokens = mutableListOf<Pair<String, String>>()
while (lexer.tokenType != null) {
val tokenText = source.substring(lexer.tokenStart, lexer.tokenEnd)
tokens += lexer.tokenType.toString() to tokenText
lexer.advance()
}
assertEquals(
listOf(
"KEYWORD" to "val",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"IDENTIFIER" to "json",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"PUNCT" to "=",
"WHITESPACE" to " ",
"STRING" to "`{\"name\":\"lyng\",\"doc\":\"use \\`quotes\\`\"}`"
),
tokens
)
val highlighter = LyngSyntaxHighlighter()
assertArrayEquals(
arrayOf(LyngHighlighterColors.STRING),
highlighter.getTokenHighlights(LyngTokenTypes.STRING)
)
}
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
* Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -19,39 +19,9 @@ plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.kotlinMultiplatform)
}
import org.gradle.api.Project
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.targets.native.tasks.KotlinNativeTest
group = "net.sergeych"
version = "unspecified"
private fun Project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(vararg defaultDirs: String): List<String> {
val overrideDir = providers.gradleProperty("sqlite3.lib.dir").orNull
?: providers.environmentVariable("SQLITE3_LIB_DIR").orNull
val candidateDirs = buildList {
if (!overrideDir.isNullOrBlank()) {
add(file(overrideDir))
}
defaultDirs.forEach { add(file(it)) }
}.distinctBy { it.absolutePath }
val discoveredLib = sequenceOf("libsqlite3.so", "libsqlite3.so.0")
.mapNotNull { libraryName ->
candidateDirs.firstOrNull { it.resolve(libraryName).isFile }?.let { dir ->
listOf("-L${dir.absolutePath}", "-l:$libraryName")
}
}
.firstOrNull()
?: listOf("-lsqlite3")
return discoveredLib + listOf(
"-ldl",
"-lpthread",
"-lm",
"-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined"
)
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven("https://maven.universablockchain.com/")
@ -64,10 +34,8 @@ kotlin {
// Suppress Beta warning for expect/actual classes across all targets in this module
targets.configureEach {
compilations.configureEach {
compileTaskProvider.configure {
compilerOptions {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
compilerOptions.configure {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
}
}
@ -82,22 +50,6 @@ kotlin {
linuxX64 {
binaries {
executable()
all {
linkerOpts(
*project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(
"/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/lib64",
"/usr/lib64",
"/lib",
"/usr/lib"
).toTypedArray()
)
if (buildType == org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.NativeBuildType.RELEASE) {
debuggable = false
optimized = true
}
}
}
}
sourceSets {
@ -109,7 +61,7 @@ kotlin {
// filesystem access into the execution Scope by default.
implementation(project(":lyngio"))
implementation(libs.okio)
implementation(libs.clikt.core)
implementation(libs.clikt)
implementation(kotlin("stdlib-common"))
// optional support for rendering markdown in help messages
// implementation(libs.clikt.markdown)
@ -123,41 +75,19 @@ kotlin {
implementation(libs.okio.fakefilesystem)
}
}
val linuxTest by creating {
dependsOn(commonTest)
}
val nativeMain by creating {
dependsOn(commonMain)
}
val jvmMain by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(libs.slf4j.nop)
}
}
val jvmTest by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(kotlin("test"))
implementation(kotlin("test-junit"))
}
}
// val nativeMain by getting {
// dependencies {
// implementation(kotlin("stdlib-common"))
// }
// }
val linuxX64Main by getting {
dependsOn(nativeMain)
}
val linuxX64Test by getting {
dependsOn(linuxTest)
}
}
}
tasks.named<KotlinNativeTest>("linuxX64Test") {
dependsOn(tasks.named("linkDebugExecutableLinuxX64"))
dependsOn(tasks.named("linkReleaseExecutableLinuxX64"))
environment(
"LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_BIN",
layout.buildDirectory.file("bin/linuxX64/debugExecutable/lyng.kexe").get().asFile.absolutePath
)
environment(
"LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_RELEASE_BIN",
layout.buildDirectory.file("bin/linuxX64/releaseExecutable/lyng.kexe").get().asFile.absolutePath
)
}
}

View File

@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
package net.sergeych
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.CliktCommand
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.Context
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.CoreCliktCommand
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.main
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.subcommands
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.argument
@ -26,54 +26,28 @@ import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.multiple
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.optional
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.flag
import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.option
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.ExecutionError
import net.sergeych.lyng.Compiler
import net.sergeych.lyng.LyngVersion
import net.sergeych.lyng.Pos
import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.ScriptError
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.asFacade
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.console.createConsoleModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.createDbModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.jdbc.createJdbcModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.createSqliteModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.fs.createFs
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.html.createHtmlModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.createHttpModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.http.server.createHttpServerModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.net.createNetModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.io.ws.createWsModule
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.*
import net.sergeych.lyng.pacman.ImportManager
import net.sergeych.lyngio.console.security.PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.fs.security.PermitAllAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.http.security.PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.security.PermitAllNetAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.lyngio.net.shutdownSystemNetEngine
import net.sergeych.lyngio.ws.security.PermitAllWsAccessPolicy
import net.sergeych.mp_tools.globalDefer
import okio.*
import okio.FileSystem
import okio.Path.Companion.toPath
import okio.SYSTEM
import okio.buffer
import okio.use
// common code
expect fun exit(code: Int)
internal expect class CliPlatformShutdownHooks {
fun uninstall()
companion object {
fun install(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime): CliPlatformShutdownHooks
}
}
expect class ShellCommandExecutor {
fun executeCommand(command: String): CommandResult
@ -88,308 +62,19 @@ data class CommandResult(
val error: String
)
private const val cliBuiltinsDeclarations = """
extern fun atExit(append: Bool=true, handler: ()->Void)
"""
private class CliExitRequested(val code: Int) : RuntimeException("CLI exit requested: $code")
internal class CliExecutionRuntime(
private val session: EvalSession,
private val rootScope: Scope
) {
private val shutdownMutex = Mutex()
private var shutdownStarted = false
private val exitHandlers = mutableListOf<Obj>()
fun registerAtExit(handler: Obj, append: Boolean) {
if (append) {
exitHandlers += handler
} else {
exitHandlers.add(0, handler)
}
}
suspend fun shutdown() {
shutdownMutex.withLock {
if (shutdownStarted) return
shutdownStarted = true
}
val handlers = exitHandlers.toList()
val facade = rootScope.asFacade()
for (handler in handlers) {
runCatching {
facade.call(handler)
}
}
session.cancel()
shutdownSystemNetEngine()
session.join()
}
fun shutdownBlocking() {
runBlocking {
shutdown()
}
}
}
private val baseCliImportManagerDefer = globalDefer {
val manager = Script.defaultImportManager.copy().apply {
installCliModules(this)
}
manager.newStdScope()
manager
}
private fun ImportManager.invalidateCliModuleCaches() {
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.fs")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.console")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.db.jdbc")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.db.sqlite")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.html")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.http")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.http.server")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.ws")
invalidatePackageCache("lyng.io.net")
}
val baseScopeDefer = globalDefer {
baseCliImportManagerDefer.await().copy().apply {
invalidateCliModuleCaches()
}.newStdScope().apply {
installCliBuiltins()
installCliDeclarations()
addConst("ARGV", ObjList(mutableListOf()))
}
}
private suspend fun Scope.installCliDeclarations() {
eval(Source("<cli-builtins>", cliBuiltinsDeclarations))
}
private fun Scope.installCliBuiltins(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime? = null) {
addFn("exit") {
val code = requireOnlyArg<ObjInt>().toInt()
if (runtime == null) {
exit(code)
Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("exit") {
exit(requireOnlyArg<ObjInt>().toInt())
ObjVoid
}
throw CliExitRequested(code)
// Install lyng.io.fs module with full access by default for the CLI tool's Scope.
// Scripts still need to `import lyng.io.fs` to use Path API.
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, this)
// Install console access by default for interactive CLI scripts.
// Scripts still need to `import lyng.io.console` to use it.
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, this)
}
addFn("atExit") {
if (runtime == null) {
raiseIllegalState("atExit is only available while running a CLI script")
}
if (args.list.size > 2) {
raiseError("Expected at most 2 positional arguments, got ${args.list.size}")
}
var append = true
var appendSet = false
var handler: Obj? = null
when (args.list.size) {
1 -> {
val only = args.list[0]
if (only.isInstanceOf("Callable")) {
handler = only
} else {
append = only.toBool()
appendSet = true
}
}
2 -> {
append = args.list[0].toBool()
appendSet = true
handler = args.list[1]
}
}
for ((name, value) in args.named) {
when (name) {
"append" -> {
if (appendSet) {
raiseIllegalArgument("argument 'append' is already set")
}
append = value.toBool()
appendSet = true
}
"handler" -> {
if (handler != null) {
raiseIllegalArgument("argument 'handler' is already set")
}
handler = value
}
else -> raiseIllegalArgument("unknown argument '$name'")
}
}
val handlerValue = handler ?: raiseError("argument 'handler' is required")
if (!handlerValue.isInstanceOf("Callable")) {
raiseClassCastError("Expected handler to be callable")
}
runtime.registerAtExit(handlerValue, append)
ObjVoid
}
}
private fun installCliModules(manager: ImportManager) {
// Scripts still need to import the modules they use explicitly.
createFs(PermitAllAccessPolicy, manager)
createConsoleModule(PermitAllConsoleAccessPolicy, manager)
createDbModule(manager)
createJdbcModule(manager)
createSqliteModule(manager)
createHtmlModule(manager)
createHttpModule(PermitAllHttpAccessPolicy, manager)
createHttpServerModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, manager)
createWsModule(PermitAllWsAccessPolicy, manager)
createNetModule(PermitAllNetAccessPolicy, manager)
}
private data class LocalCliModule(
val packageName: String,
val source: Source
)
private fun readUtf8(path: Path): String =
FileSystem.SYSTEM.source(path).use { fileSource ->
fileSource.buffer().use { bs ->
bs.readUtf8()
}
}
private fun stripShebang(text: String): String {
if (!text.startsWith("#!")) return text
val pos = text.indexOf('\n')
return if (pos >= 0) text.substring(pos + 1) else ""
}
private fun extractDeclaredPackageNameOrNull(source: Source): String? {
for (line in source.lines) {
if (line.isBlank()) continue
return if (line.startsWith("package ")) {
line.substring(8).trim()
} else {
null
}
}
return null
}
private fun canonicalPath(path: Path): Path = FileSystem.SYSTEM.canonicalize(path)
private fun relativeModuleName(rootDir: Path, file: Path): String {
val rootText = rootDir.toString().trimEnd('/', '\\')
val fileText = file.toString()
val prefix = "$rootText/"
if (!fileText.startsWith(prefix)) {
throw ScriptError(Pos.builtIn, "local import root mismatch: $fileText is not under $rootText")
}
val relative = fileText.removePrefix(prefix)
val modulePath = relative.removeSuffix(".lyng")
return modulePath
.split('/', '\\')
.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
.joinToString(".")
}
private fun scanLyngFiles(rootDir: Path): List<Path> {
val system = FileSystem.SYSTEM
val pending = ArrayDeque<Path>()
val visited = linkedSetOf<String>()
val files = mutableListOf<Path>()
pending.add(rootDir)
while (pending.isNotEmpty()) {
val dir = pending.removeLast()
val canonicalDir = canonicalPath(dir)
if (!visited.add(canonicalDir.toString())) continue
val children = try {
system.list(canonicalDir)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
for (child in children) {
val meta = try {
system.metadata(child)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
when {
meta.isDirectory -> pending.add(child)
child.name.endsWith(".lyng") -> {
val canonicalFile = try {
canonicalPath(child)
} catch (_: Exception) {
continue
}
files += canonicalFile
}
}
}
}
return files
}
private fun discoverLocalCliModules(entryFile: Path): List<LocalCliModule> {
val rootDir = entryFile.parent ?: ".".toPath()
val seenPackages = linkedMapOf<String, Path>()
return scanLyngFiles(rootDir)
.asSequence()
.filter { it != entryFile }
.map { file ->
val text = stripShebang(readUtf8(file))
val source = Source(file.toString(), text)
val expectedPackage = relativeModuleName(rootDir, file)
val declaredPackage = extractDeclaredPackageNameOrNull(source)
if (declaredPackage != null && declaredPackage != expectedPackage) {
throw ScriptError(
source.startPos,
"local module package mismatch: expected '$expectedPackage' for ${file.toString()} but found '$declaredPackage'"
)
}
val packageName = declaredPackage ?: expectedPackage
val previous = seenPackages[packageName]
if (previous != null) {
throw ScriptError(
source.startPos,
"duplicate local module '$packageName': ${previous.toString()} and ${file.toString()}"
)
}
seenPackages[packageName] = file
LocalCliModule(packageName, source)
}
.toList()
}
private fun registerLocalCliModules(manager: ImportManager, modules: List<LocalCliModule>) {
for (module in modules) {
manager.addPackage(module.packageName) { scope ->
scope.eval(module.source)
}
}
}
private suspend fun ImportManager.newCliScope(argv: List<String>): Scope =
newStdScope().apply {
installCliBuiltins()
installCliDeclarations()
addConst("ARGV", ObjList(argv.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
}
internal suspend fun newCliScope(argv: List<String>, entryFileName: String? = null): Scope {
val baseManager = baseCliImportManagerDefer.await().copy().apply {
invalidateCliModuleCaches()
}
if (entryFileName == null) {
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
val entryFile = canonicalPath(entryFileName.toPath())
val localModules = discoverLocalCliModules(entryFile)
if (localModules.isEmpty()) {
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
registerLocalCliModules(baseManager, localModules)
return baseManager.newCliScope(argv)
}
fun runMain(args: Array<String>) {
@ -413,7 +98,7 @@ fun runMain(args: Array<String>) {
.main(args)
}
private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
private class Fmt : CliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
private val checkOnly by option("--check", help = "Check only; print files that would change").flag()
private val inPlace by option("-i", "--in-place", help = "Write changes back to files").flag()
private val enableSpacing by option("--spacing", help = "Apply spacing normalization").flag()
@ -436,7 +121,6 @@ private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
val cfg = net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngFormatConfig(
applySpacing = enableSpacing,
applyWrapping = enableWrapping,
stringDelimiterPolicy = net.sergeych.lyng.format.LyngStringDelimiterPolicy.PreferFewerEscapes,
)
var anyChanged = false
@ -472,9 +156,8 @@ private class Fmt : CoreCliktCommand(name = "fmt") {
}
}
private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktCommand() {
private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CliktCommand() {
override val invokeWithoutSubcommand = true
override val printHelpOnEmptyArgs = true
val version by option("-v", "--version", help = "Print version and exit").flag()
@ -503,6 +186,7 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
if (currentContext.invokedSubcommand != null) return
runBlocking {
val baseScope = baseScopeDefer.await()
when {
version -> {
println("Lyng language version ${LyngVersion}")
@ -512,13 +196,20 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
val objargs = mutableListOf<String>()
script?.let { objargs += it }
objargs += args
baseScope.addConst(
"ARGV", ObjList(
objargs.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()
)
)
launcher {
// there is no script name, it is a first argument instead:
processErrors {
executeSource(
val script = Compiler.compileWithResolution(
Source("<eval>", execute!!),
newCliScope(objargs)
baseScope.currentImportProvider,
seedScope = baseScope
)
script.execute(baseScope)
}
}
}
@ -528,7 +219,8 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
println("Error: no script specified.\n")
echoFormattedHelp()
} else {
launcher { executeFile(script!!, args) }
baseScope.addConst("ARGV", ObjList(args.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
launcher { executeFile(script!!) }
}
}
}
@ -538,52 +230,30 @@ private class Lyng(val launcher: (suspend () -> Unit) -> Unit) : CoreCliktComman
fun executeFileWithArgs(fileName: String, args: List<String>) {
runBlocking {
executeFile(fileName, args)
baseScopeDefer.await().addConst("ARGV", ObjList(args.map { ObjString(it) }.toMutableList()))
executeFile(fileName)
}
}
suspend fun executeSource(source: Source, initialScope: Scope? = null) {
val session = EvalSession(initialScope ?: baseScopeDefer.await())
val rootScope = session.getScope()
val runtime = CliExecutionRuntime(session, rootScope)
rootScope.installCliBuiltins(runtime)
val shutdownHooks = CliPlatformShutdownHooks.install(runtime)
var requestedExitCode: Int? = null
try {
try {
evalOnCliDispatcher(session, source)
} catch (e: CliExitRequested) {
requestedExitCode = e.code
} catch (e: ExecutionError) {
val cliExit = generateSequence<Throwable>(e) { it.cause }
.filterIsInstance<CliExitRequested>()
.firstOrNull()
if (cliExit != null) {
requestedExitCode = cliExit.code
} else {
throw e
}
suspend fun executeFile(fileName: String) {
var text = FileSystem.SYSTEM.source(fileName.toPath()).use { fileSource ->
fileSource.buffer().use { bs ->
bs.readUtf8()
}
} finally {
shutdownHooks.uninstall()
runtime.shutdown()
}
requestedExitCode?.let { exit(it) }
}
internal suspend fun evalOnCliDispatcher(session: EvalSession, source: Source): Obj =
withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
session.eval(source)
if( text.startsWith("#!") ) {
// skip shebang
val pos = text.indexOf('\n')
text = text.substring(pos + 1)
}
suspend fun executeFile(fileName: String, args: List<String> = emptyList()) {
val canonicalFile = canonicalPath(fileName.toPath())
val text = stripShebang(readUtf8(canonicalFile))
processErrors {
executeSource(
Source(canonicalFile.toString(), text),
newCliScope(args, canonicalFile.toString())
val scope = baseScopeDefer.await()
val script = Compiler.compileWithResolution(
Source(fileName, text),
scope.currentImportProvider,
seedScope = scope
)
script.execute(scope)
}
}

View File

@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class CliTcpServerRegressionTest {
@Test
fun reducedTcpServerExampleRunsWithCopiedCliImportManager() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<tcp-server-regression>",
"""
import lyng.buffer
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val server = Net.tcpListen(0, host)
val port = server.localAddress().port
val accepted = launch {
val client = server.accept()
val line = (client.read(4) as Buffer).decodeUtf8()
client.close()
server.close()
line
}
val socket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port)
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
accepted.await()
""".trimIndent()
)
)
assertEquals("ping", (result as ObjString).value)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun concurrentTcpExampleRunsInCliScope() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<tcp-server-concurrency-cli>",
"""
import lyng.io.net
val host = "127.0.0.1"
val clientCount = 32
val server: TcpServer = Net.tcpListen(0, host, 32, true) as TcpServer
val port: Int = server.localAddress().port
fun payloadFor(index: Int): String {
"${'$'}index:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}"
}
fun handleClient(client: TcpSocket): String {
try {
val source = client.readLine()
if( source == null ) {
return "server-eof"
}
val reply = "pong: ${'$'}source"
client.writeUtf8(reply + "\n")
client.flush()
reply
} finally {
client.close()
}
}
val serverJob: Deferred = launch {
var handlers: List<Deferred> = List()
try {
for( i in 0..<32 ) {
val client: TcpSocket = server.accept() as TcpSocket
handlers += launch {
handleClient(client)
}
}
handlers.joinAll()
} finally {
server.close()
}
}
val clientJobs = (0..<clientCount).map { index ->
val payload = payloadFor(index)
launch {
val socket: TcpSocket = Net.tcpConnect(host, port) as TcpSocket
try {
socket.writeUtf8(payload + "\n")
socket.flush()
val reply = socket.readLine()
if( reply == null ) {
"client-eof:${'$'}payload"
} else {
assertEquals("pong: ${'$'}payload", reply)
reply
}
} finally {
socket.close()
}
}
}
val replies = clientJobs.joinAll()
val serverReplies = serverJob.await() as List<Object>
assertEquals(clientCount, replies.size)
assertEquals(clientCount, serverReplies.size)
assertEquals(replies.toSet, serverReplies.toSet)
"OK:${'$'}clientCount:${'$'}{replies.toSet}:${'$'}{serverReplies.toSet}"
""".trimIndent()
)
)
val text = (result as ObjString).value
assertTrue(text.startsWith("OK:32:"), text)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun mixedModuleAndLocalCapturesWorkInCliScope() = runBlocking {
val cliScope = newCliScope(emptyList())
val session = EvalSession(cliScope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<cli-capture-regression>",
"""
val prefix = "pong"
val jobs = (0..<32).map { index ->
val payload = "${'$'}index:${'$'}{Random.nextInt()}"
launch {
delay(5)
"${'$'}prefix:${'$'}payload"
}
}
jobs.joinAll()
""".trimIndent()
)
) as net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjList
assertEquals(32, result.list.size)
assertEquals(32, result.list.map { (it as ObjString).value }.toSet().size)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
}

View File

@ -24,34 +24,6 @@ import kotlin.system.exitProcess
@PublishedApi
internal var jvmExitImpl: (Int) -> Nothing = { code -> exitProcess(code) }
internal actual class CliPlatformShutdownHooks private constructor(
private val shutdownHook: Thread?
) {
actual fun uninstall() {
val hook = shutdownHook ?: return
runCatching {
Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(hook)
}
}
actual companion object {
actual fun install(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime): CliPlatformShutdownHooks {
val hook = Thread(
{
runtime.shutdownBlocking()
},
"lyng-cli-shutdown"
)
return runCatching {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(hook)
CliPlatformShutdownHooks(hook)
}.getOrElse {
CliPlatformShutdownHooks(null)
}
}
}
}
actual fun exit(code: Int) {
jvmExitImpl(code)
}
}

View File

@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Script
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjInt
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjList
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import org.junit.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
class CliDispatcherJvmTest {
@Test
fun executeSourceRunsOnDefaultDispatcher() = runBlocking {
val callerThread = Thread.currentThread()
val callerThreadKey = "${System.identityHashCode(callerThread)}:${callerThread.name}"
val scope = Script.newScope().apply {
addFn("threadKey") { ObjString("${System.identityHashCode(Thread.currentThread())}:${Thread.currentThread().name}") }
addFn("threadName") { ObjString(Thread.currentThread().name) }
}
val session = EvalSession(scope)
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<test>",
"""
val task = launch { [threadKey(), threadName()] }
val child = task.await()
[threadKey(), threadName(), child]
""".trimIndent()
)
) as ObjList
val topLevelThreadKey = (result.list[0] as ObjString).value
val topLevelThreadName = (result.list[1] as ObjString).value
val child = result.list[2] as ObjList
val childThreadKey = (child.list[0] as ObjString).value
val childThreadName = (child.list[1] as ObjString).value
assertNotEquals(
callerThreadKey,
topLevelThreadKey,
"CLI top-level script body should not run on the runBlocking caller thread: $topLevelThreadName"
)
assertNotEquals(
callerThreadKey,
childThreadKey,
"CLI launch child should not inherit the runBlocking caller thread: $childThreadName"
)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
@Test
fun cliEvalInfersDeferredItTypeFromMapLambdaLocal() = runBlocking {
val session = EvalSession(Script.newScope())
try {
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<cli-repro>",
"""
var sum = 0
var counter = 0
(1..3).map { n ->
val counterState = counter
val task = launch { counterState + n }
++counter
task
}.forEach { sum += it.await() }
sum
""".trimIndent()
)
)
assertEquals(9, (result as ObjInt).value)
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
import net.sergeych.lyng.EvalSession
import net.sergeych.lyng.Source
import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjString
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.nio.file.Files
import kotlin.io.path.writeText
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertFalse
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
class CliLocalModuleImportRegressionJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
private fun writeTransitiveImportTree(root: java.nio.file.Path) {
val packageDir = Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("package1"))
val nestedDir = Files.createDirectories(packageDir.resolve("nested"))
packageDir.resolve("alpha.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.alpha
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
class Alpha {
val headers = Map<String, String>()
fun makeTask(port: Int, host: String): Deferred = launch {
host + ":" + port
}
fun netModule() = Net
}
fun alphaValue() = "alpha"
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("beta.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.beta
import lyng.stdlib
import package1.alpha
fun betaValue() = alphaValue() + "|beta"
""".trimIndent()
)
nestedDir.resolve("gamma.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.nested.gamma
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
val String.gammaTag get() = this + "|gamma"
fun gammaValue() = betaValue().gammaTag
fun netModule() = Net
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("entry.lyng").writeText(
"""
package package1.entry
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
fun report() = gammaValue() + "|entry"
""".trimIndent()
)
}
private fun writeNestedLaunchImportBugTree(root: java.nio.file.Path) {
val packageDir = Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("package1"))
packageDir.resolve("alpha.lyng").writeText(
"""
import lyng.io.net
import package1.bravo
class Alpha {
val tcpServer: TcpServer
val headers = Map<String, String>()
fn startListen(port, host) {
var eager = Bravo()
eager.doSomething()
tcpServer = Net.tcpListen(port, host)
println("tcpServer.isOpen: " + tcpServer.isOpen())
launch {
try {
while (true) {
println("wait for accept...")
val tcpSocket = tcpServer.accept()
println("var bravo = Bravo()")
var bravo = Bravo()
println("bravo.doSomething()...")
bravo.doSomething()
println("bravo.doSomething()... OK")
tcpSocket.close()
break
}
} catch (e) {
println("ERR [Alpha.startListen]: '", e, "'")
} finally {
println("FIN [Alpha.startListen]")
tcpServer.close()
}
}
}
}
""".trimIndent()
)
packageDir.resolve("bravo.lyng").writeText(
"""
class Bravo {
fn doSomething() {
println("Bravo.doSomething")
}
}
""".trimIndent()
)
}
@Test
fun localModuleUsingLaunchAndNetImportsWithoutStdlibRedefinition() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
writeTransitiveImportTree(root)
mainFile.writeText(
"""
import package1.entry
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
println(report())
""".trimIndent()
)
executeFile(mainFile.toString(), emptyList())
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun localModuleImportsAreNoOpsWhenEvaldRepeatedlyOnSameCliContext() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression-repeat")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
writeTransitiveImportTree(root)
mainFile.writeText("println(\"bootstrap\")")
val session = EvalSession(newCliScope(emptyList(), mainFile.toString()))
try {
repeat(5) { index ->
val result = evalOnCliDispatcher(
session,
Source(
"<repeat-local-import-$index>",
"""
import package1.entry
import package1.nested.gamma
import package1.beta
import package1.alpha
report()
""".trimIndent()
)
) as ObjString
assertEquals(
"alpha|beta|gamma|entry",
result.value
)
}
} finally {
session.cancelAndJoin()
}
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun localModuleImportUsedOnlyInsideMethodLaunchClosureRemainsPrepared() = runBlocking {
val root = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng-cli-import-regression-launch")
try {
val mainFile = root.resolve("main.lyng")
val port = java.net.ServerSocket(0).let {
val selected = it.localPort
it.close()
selected
}
writeNestedLaunchImportBugTree(root)
mainFile.writeText(
"""
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
val alpha = Alpha()
alpha.startListen($port, "127.0.0.1")
delay(50)
val socket = Net.tcpConnect("127.0.0.1", $port)
println("send ping...")
socket.writeUtf8("ping")
socket.flush()
socket.close()
delay(50)
""".trimIndent()
)
val result = runCli(mainFile.toString())
assertTrue(result.err.isBlank(), result.err)
assertFalse(result.out.contains("ERR [Alpha.startListen]"), result.out)
assertFalse(result.out.contains("module capture 'Bravo'"), result.out)
assertTrue(result.out.contains("bravo.doSomething()... OK"), result.out)
assertEquals(2, Regex("Bravo\\.doSomething").findAll(result.out).count(), result.out)
} finally {
root.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import net.sergeych.jvmExitImpl
import net.sergeych.runMain
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.nio.file.Path
class CliAtExitJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
private fun runScript(scriptText: String): CliResult {
val tmp: Path = Files.createTempFile("lyng_atexit_", ".lyng")
try {
Files.writeString(tmp, scriptText)
return runCli(tmp.toString())
} finally {
Files.deleteIfExists(tmp)
}
}
@Test
fun atExitRunsInRequestedOrderAndIgnoresHandlerExceptions() {
val result = runScript(
"""
atExit {
println("tail")
}
atExit(false) {
println("head")
throw Exception("ignored")
}
println("body")
""".trimIndent()
)
assertNull(result.err.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() })
assertNull(result.exitCode)
val lines = result.out
.lineSequence()
.map { it.trim() }
.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
.toList()
assertEquals(listOf("body", "head", "tail"), lines)
}
@Test
fun atExitRunsBeforeScriptExitTerminatesProcess() {
val result = runScript(
"""
atExit {
println("cleanup")
}
exit(7)
""".trimIndent()
)
assertEquals(7, result.exitCode)
assertTrue(result.out.lineSequence().any { it.trim() == "cleanup" })
}
}

View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
* Copyright 2025 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -131,18 +131,4 @@ class CliFmtJvmTest {
Files.deleteIfExists(tmp)
}
}
@Test
fun inlineExecuteWithDashXStillWorksAndPassesArgv() {
val r = runCli(
"-x",
"""println("INLINE"); println(ARGV[0]); println(ARGV[1])""",
"one",
"two"
)
assertTrue("Expected inline execution output", r.out.contains("INLINE"))
assertTrue("Expected ARGV to include first trailing arg", r.out.contains("one"))
assertTrue("Expected ARGV to include second trailing arg", r.out.contains("two"))
assertTrue("Did not expect CLI exit()", r.exitCode == null)
}
}

View File

@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import net.sergeych.jvmExitImpl
import net.sergeych.runMain
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.nio.file.Files
class CliLocalImportsJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
private fun writeTransitiveImportTree(root: java.nio.file.Path) {
val packageDir = Files.createDirectories(root.resolve("package1"))
val nestedDir = Files.createDirectories(packageDir.resolve("nested"))
Files.writeString(
packageDir.resolve("alpha.lyng"),
"""
package package1.alpha
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
class Alpha {
val headers = Map<String, String>()
fun makeTask(port: Int, host: String): Deferred = launch {
host + ":" + port
}
fun netModule() = Net
}
fun alphaValue() = "alpha"
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
packageDir.resolve("beta.lyng"),
"""
package package1.beta
import lyng.stdlib
import package1.alpha
fun betaValue() = alphaValue() + "|beta"
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
nestedDir.resolve("gamma.lyng"),
"""
package package1.nested.gamma
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
val String.gammaTag get() = this + "|gamma"
fun gammaValue() = betaValue().gammaTag
fun netModule() = Net
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
packageDir.resolve("entry.lyng"),
"""
package package1.entry
import lyng.stdlib
import lyng.io.net
import package1.alpha
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
fun report() = gammaValue() + "|entry"
""".trimIndent()
)
}
@Test
fun cliDiscoversSiblingAndNestedLocalImportsFromEntryRoot() {
val dir = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng_cli_local_imports_")
try {
val mathDir = Files.createDirectories(dir.resolve("math"))
val utilDir = Files.createDirectories(dir.resolve("util"))
val mainFile = dir.resolve("main.lyng")
Files.writeString(
mathDir.resolve("add.lyng"),
"""
fun plus(a, b) = a + b
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
utilDir.resolve("answer.lyng"),
"""
package util.answer
import math.add
fun answer() = plus(40, 2)
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
mainFile,
"""
import util.answer
println(answer())
""".trimIndent()
)
val result = runCli(mainFile.toString())
assertTrue(result.err, result.err.isBlank())
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("42"))
} finally {
dir.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun cliRejectsPackageThatDoesNotMatchRelativePath() {
val dir = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng_cli_local_imports_badpkg_")
try {
val utilDir = Files.createDirectories(dir.resolve("util"))
val mainFile = dir.resolve("main.lyng")
Files.writeString(
utilDir.resolve("answer.lyng"),
"""
package util.wrong
fun answer() = 42
""".trimIndent()
)
Files.writeString(
mainFile,
"""
import util.answer
println(answer())
""".trimIndent()
)
val result = runCli(mainFile.toString())
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("local module package mismatch"))
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("expected 'util.answer'"))
} finally {
dir.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
@Test
fun cliHandlesOverlappingDirectoryImportsWithTransitiveStdlibAndNetSymbols() {
val dir = Files.createTempDirectory("lyng_cli_local_imports_transitive_")
try {
val mainFile = dir.resolve("main.lyng")
writeTransitiveImportTree(dir)
Files.writeString(
mainFile,
"""
import package1.entry
import package1.beta
import package1.nested.gamma
println(report())
println(gammaValue())
""".trimIndent()
)
val result = runCli(mainFile.toString())
assertTrue(result.err, result.err.isBlank())
assertTrue(
result.out,
result.out.contains("alpha|beta|gamma|entry")
)
assertTrue(
result.out,
result.out.contains("alpha|beta|gamma")
)
} finally {
dir.toFile().deleteRecursively()
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer
import net.sergeych.jvmExitImpl
import net.sergeych.runMain
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.PrintStream
import java.net.InetSocketAddress
class CliNetworkJvmTest {
private val originalOut: PrintStream = System.out
private val originalErr: PrintStream = System.err
private class TestExit(val code: Int) : RuntimeException()
@Before
fun setUp() {
jvmExitImpl = { code -> throw TestExit(code) }
}
@After
fun tearDown() {
System.setOut(originalOut)
System.setErr(originalErr)
jvmExitImpl = { code -> kotlin.system.exitProcess(code) }
}
private data class CliResult(val out: String, val err: String, val exitCode: Int?)
private fun runCli(vararg args: String): CliResult {
val outBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val errBuf = ByteArrayOutputStream()
System.setOut(PrintStream(outBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
System.setErr(PrintStream(errBuf, true, Charsets.UTF_8))
var exitCode: Int? = null
try {
runMain(arrayOf(*args))
} catch (e: TestExit) {
exitCode = e.code
} finally {
System.out.flush()
System.err.flush()
}
return CliResult(outBuf.toString("UTF-8"), errBuf.toString("UTF-8"), exitCode)
}
@Test
fun cliHasAllNetworkingModulesInstalled() {
val server = newServer()
try {
val script = """
import lyng.io.http
import lyng.io.http.server
import lyng.io.ws
import lyng.io.net
assert(Http.isSupported())
assert(HttpServer() is HttpServer)
println("ws=" + Ws.isSupported())
println("net=" + Net.isSupported())
val home = Http.get("http://127.0.0.1:${server.address.port}/").text()
val jsRef = "src=\"([^\"]*lyng-version\\.js)\"".re.find(home)
require(jsRef != null, "lyng-version.js reference not found")
val versionJsPath = (jsRef as RegexMatch)[1]
val versionJs = Http.get("http://127.0.0.1:${server.address.port}/" + versionJsPath).text()
val versionMatch = "LYNG_VERSION\\s*=\\s*\"([^\"]+)\"".re.find(versionJs)
require(versionMatch != null, "LYNG_VERSION assignment not found")
println("version=" + ((versionMatch as RegexMatch)[1]))
""".trimIndent()
val result = runCli("-x", script)
assertNull(result.exitCode)
assertTrue(result.err, result.err.isBlank())
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("ws="))
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("net="))
assertTrue(result.out, result.out.contains("version=9.9.9-test"))
} finally {
server.stop(0)
}
}
private fun newServer(): HttpServer {
val server = HttpServer.create(InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 0), 0)
server.createContext("/") { exchange ->
when (exchange.requestURI.path) {
"/" -> writeResponse(
exchange,
200,
"""
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="lyng-version.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<span id="lyng-version-ribbon"></span>
</body>
</html>
""".trimIndent()
)
"/lyng-version.js" -> writeResponse(exchange, 200, """window.LYNG_VERSION = "9.9.9-test";""")
else -> writeResponse(exchange, 404, "missing")
}
}
server.start()
return server
}
private fun writeResponse(exchange: HttpExchange, status: Int, body: String) {
val bytes = body.toByteArray()
exchange.sendResponseHeaders(status, bytes.size.toLong())
exchange.responseBody.use { out ->
out.write(bytes)
}
}
}

View File

@ -31,12 +31,11 @@ class FsIntegrationJvmTest {
val dir = createTempDirectory("lyng_cli_fs_test_")
try {
val file = dir.resolve("hello.txt")
val filePath = file.toString().replace("\\", "\\\\")
// Drive the operation via Lyng code to validate bindings end-to-end
scope.eval(
"""
import lyng.io.fs
val p = Path("${filePath}")
val p = Path("${'$'}{file}")
p.writeUtf8("hello from cli test")
assertEquals(true, p.exists())
assertEquals("hello from cli test", p.readUtf8())

View File

@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import kotlinx.cinterop.*
import okio.FileSystem
import okio.Path
import okio.Path.Companion.toPath
import platform.posix.O_CREAT
import platform.posix.O_TRUNC
import platform.posix.O_WRONLY
import platform.posix.SIGTERM
import platform.posix._exit
import platform.posix.close
import platform.posix.dup2
import platform.posix.execvp
import platform.posix.fork
import platform.posix.getenv
import platform.posix.getpid
import platform.posix.kill
import platform.posix.open
import platform.posix.usleep
import platform.posix.waitpid
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@OptIn(ExperimentalForeignApi::class)
class CliAtExitLinuxNativeTest {
@Test
fun atExitRunsOnSigtermForNativeCli() {
val executable = getenv("LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_BIN")?.toKString()
?: error("LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_BIN is not set")
val fs = FileSystem.SYSTEM
val tempDir = "/tmp/lyng_cli_native_${getpid()}_${kotlin.random.Random.nextInt()}".toPath()
val scriptPath = tempDir / "sigterm.lyng"
val stdoutPath = tempDir / "stdout.txt"
val stderrPath = tempDir / "stderr.txt"
fs.createDirectories(tempDir)
try {
fs.write(scriptPath) {
writeUtf8(
"""
atExit {
println("cleanup-native")
}
while(true) {
yield()
}
""".trimIndent()
)
}
val pid = launchCli(executable, scriptPath, stdoutPath, stderrPath)
usleep(300_000u)
assertEquals(0, kill(pid, SIGTERM), "failed to send SIGTERM")
val status = waitForPid(pid)
val exitCode = if ((status and 0x7f) == 0) (status shr 8) and 0xff else -1
val stdout = readUtf8IfExists(fs, stdoutPath)
val stderr = readUtf8IfExists(fs, stderrPath)
assertEquals(143, exitCode, "unexpected native CLI exit status; stderr=$stderr")
assertTrue(stdout.contains("cleanup-native"), "stdout did not contain cleanup marker. stdout=$stdout stderr=$stderr")
} finally {
fs.deleteRecursively(tempDir, mustExist = false)
}
}
private fun readUtf8IfExists(fs: FileSystem, path: Path): String {
return if (fs.exists(path)) {
fs.read(path) { readUtf8() }
} else {
""
}
}
private fun waitForPid(pid: Int): Int = memScoped {
val status = alloc<IntVar>()
val waited = waitpid(pid, status.ptr, 0)
check(waited == pid) { "waitpid failed for $pid" }
status.value
}
private fun launchCli(
executable: String,
scriptPath: Path,
stdoutPath: Path,
stderrPath: Path
): Int = memScoped {
val pid = fork()
check(pid >= 0) { "fork failed" }
if (pid == 0) {
val stdoutFd = open(stdoutPath.toString(), O_WRONLY or O_CREAT or O_TRUNC, 0x1A4)
val stderrFd = open(stderrPath.toString(), O_WRONLY or O_CREAT or O_TRUNC, 0x1A4)
if (stdoutFd < 0 || stderrFd < 0) {
_exit(2)
}
dup2(stdoutFd, 1)
dup2(stderrFd, 2)
close(stdoutFd)
close(stderrFd)
val argv = allocArray<CPointerVar<ByteVar>>(3)
argv[0] = executable.cstr.ptr
argv[1] = scriptPath.toString().cstr.ptr
argv[2] = null
execvp(executable, argv)
_exit(127)
}
pid
}
}

View File

@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package net.sergeych.lyng_cli
import kotlinx.cinterop.*
import okio.FileSystem
import okio.Path
import okio.Path.Companion.toPath
import platform.posix.O_CREAT
import platform.posix.O_TRUNC
import platform.posix.O_WRONLY
import platform.posix.SIGKILL
import platform.posix.SIGSEGV
import platform.posix._exit
import platform.posix.close
import platform.posix.dup2
import platform.posix.execvp
import platform.posix.fork
import platform.posix.getenv
import platform.posix.getpid
import platform.posix.kill
import platform.posix.open
import platform.posix.usleep
import platform.posix.waitpid
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertFalse
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@OptIn(ExperimentalForeignApi::class)
class CliWebSocketNativeRegressionTest {
@Test
fun releaseCliDoesNotSegfaultOnConcurrentWebSocketClients() {
val executable = getenv("LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_RELEASE_BIN")?.toKString()
?: error("LYNG_CLI_NATIVE_RELEASE_BIN is not set")
val fs = FileSystem.SYSTEM
val repoRoot = ascend(executable.toPath(), 6)
val scriptPath = repoRoot / "bugs" / "ws-segfault.lyng"
check(fs.exists(scriptPath)) { "bug repro script not found at $scriptPath" }
val tempDir = "/tmp/lyng_ws_native_${getpid()}_${kotlin.random.Random.nextInt()}".toPath()
val stdoutPath = tempDir / "stdout.txt"
val stderrPath = tempDir / "stderr.txt"
fs.createDirectories(tempDir)
try {
val pid = launchCli(executable, scriptPath, stdoutPath, stderrPath)
usleep(5_000_000u)
if (kill(pid, 0) == 0) {
kill(pid, SIGKILL)
}
val status = waitForPid(pid)
val termSignal = status and 0x7f
val stdout = readUtf8IfExists(fs, stdoutPath)
val stderr = readUtf8IfExists(fs, stderrPath)
val allOutput = "$stdout\n$stderr"
assertFalse(termSignal == SIGSEGV, "native CLI crashed with SIGSEGV. Output:\n$allOutput")
assertTrue(
stdout.lineSequence().count { it == "test send to ws://127.0.0.1:9998... OK" } == 2,
"expected both websocket clients to finish. Output:\n$allOutput"
)
assertFalse(allOutput.contains("Segmentation fault"), "process output reported a segmentation fault:\n$allOutput")
} finally {
fs.deleteRecursively(tempDir, mustExist = false)
}
}
private fun ascend(path: Path, levels: Int): Path {
var current = path
repeat(levels) {
current = current.parent ?: error("cannot ascend $levels levels from $path")
}
return current
}
private fun readUtf8IfExists(fs: FileSystem, path: Path): String {
return if (fs.exists(path)) fs.read(path) { readUtf8() } else ""
}
private fun waitForPid(pid: Int): Int = memScoped {
val status = alloc<IntVar>()
val waited = waitpid(pid, status.ptr, 0)
check(waited == pid) { "waitpid failed for $pid" }
status.value
}
private fun launchCli(
executable: String,
scriptPath: Path,
stdoutPath: Path,
stderrPath: Path,
): Int = memScoped {
val pid = fork()
check(pid >= 0) { "fork failed" }
if (pid == 0) {
val stdoutFd = open(stdoutPath.toString(), O_WRONLY or O_CREAT or O_TRUNC, 0x1A4)
val stderrFd = open(stderrPath.toString(), O_WRONLY or O_CREAT or O_TRUNC, 0x1A4)
if (stdoutFd < 0 || stderrFd < 0) {
_exit(2)
}
dup2(stdoutFd, 1)
dup2(stderrFd, 2)
close(stdoutFd)
close(stderrFd)
val argv = allocArray<CPointerVar<ByteVar>>(3)
argv[0] = executable.cstr.ptr
argv[1] = scriptPath.toString().cstr.ptr
argv[2] = null
execvp(executable, argv)
_exit(127)
}
pid
}
}

View File

@ -22,40 +22,11 @@
package net.sergeych
import kotlinx.cinterop.*
import kotlin.native.concurrent.ThreadLocal
import platform.posix.fgets
import platform.posix.pclose
import platform.posix.popen
import platform.posix.signal
import platform.posix.atexit
import platform.posix.SIGINT
import platform.posix.SIGHUP
import platform.posix.SIGTERM
import kotlin.system.exitProcess
@ThreadLocal
private var activeCliRuntime: CliExecutionRuntime? = null
@ThreadLocal
private var nativeCliHooksInstalled: Boolean = false
private fun installNativeCliHooksOnce() {
if (nativeCliHooksInstalled) return
nativeCliHooksInstalled = true
atexit(staticCFunction(::nativeCliAtExit))
signal(SIGTERM, staticCFunction(::nativeCliSignalHandler))
signal(SIGINT, staticCFunction(::nativeCliSignalHandler))
signal(SIGHUP, staticCFunction(::nativeCliSignalHandler))
}
private fun nativeCliAtExit() {
activeCliRuntime?.shutdownBlocking()
}
private fun nativeCliSignalHandler(signal: Int) {
exitProcess(128 + signal)
}
actual class ShellCommandExecutor() {
actual fun executeCommand(command: String): CommandResult {
val outputBuilder = StringBuilder()
@ -91,24 +62,6 @@ actual class ShellCommandExecutor() {
}
}
internal actual class CliPlatformShutdownHooks private constructor(
private val runtime: CliExecutionRuntime
) {
actual fun uninstall() {
if (activeCliRuntime === runtime) {
activeCliRuntime = null
}
}
actual companion object {
actual fun install(runtime: CliExecutionRuntime): CliPlatformShutdownHooks {
installNativeCliHooksOnce()
activeCliRuntime = runtime
return CliPlatformShutdownHooks(runtime)
}
}
}
actual fun exit(code: Int) {
exitProcess(code)
}
}

View File

@ -31,33 +31,6 @@ plugins {
group = "net.sergeych"
version = "0.0.1-SNAPSHOT"
private fun Project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(vararg defaultDirs: String): List<String> {
val overrideDir = providers.gradleProperty("sqlite3.lib.dir").orNull
?: providers.environmentVariable("SQLITE3_LIB_DIR").orNull
val candidateDirs = buildList {
if (!overrideDir.isNullOrBlank()) {
add(file(overrideDir))
}
defaultDirs.forEach { add(file(it)) }
}.distinctBy { it.absolutePath }
val discoveredLib = sequenceOf("libsqlite3.so", "libsqlite3.so.0")
.mapNotNull { libraryName ->
candidateDirs.firstOrNull { it.resolve(libraryName).isFile }?.let { dir ->
listOf("-L${dir.absolutePath}", "-l:$libraryName")
}
}
.firstOrNull()
?: listOf("-lsqlite3")
return discoveredLib + listOf(
"-ldl",
"-lpthread",
"-lm",
"-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined"
)
}
kotlin {
jvmToolchain(17)
jvm()
@ -71,6 +44,7 @@ kotlin {
iosX64()
iosArm64()
iosSimulatorArm64()
macosX64()
macosArm64()
mingwX64()
linuxX64()
@ -85,46 +59,11 @@ kotlin {
// nodejs()
// }
targets.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.KotlinNativeTarget::class.java).configureEach {
compilations.getByName("main").cinterops.create("sqlite3") {
defFile(project.file("src/nativeInterop/cinterop/sqlite/sqlite3.def"))
packageName("net.sergeych.lyng.io.db.sqlite.cinterop")
includeDirs(project.file("src/nativeInterop/cinterop/sqlite"))
}
binaries.all {
when (konanTarget.name) {
"linux_x64" -> linkerOpts(
*project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(
"/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/lib64",
"/usr/lib64",
"/lib",
"/usr/lib"
).toTypedArray()
)
"linux_arm64" -> linkerOpts(
*project.sqliteLinuxLinkerOpts(
"/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu",
"/lib64",
"/usr/lib64",
"/lib",
"/usr/lib"
).toTypedArray()
)
else -> linkerOpts("-lsqlite3")
}
}
}
// Keep expect/actual warning suppressed consistently with other modules
targets.configureEach {
compilations.configureEach {
compileTaskProvider.configure {
compilerOptions {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
compilerOptions.configure {
freeCompilerArgs.add("-Xexpect-actual-classes")
}
}
}
@ -140,64 +79,13 @@ kotlin {
api(libs.okio)
api(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.core)
api(libs.mordant.core)
api(libs.ktor.client.core)
implementation(libs.ktor.client.websockets)
}
}
val nativeMain by creating {
dependsOn(commonMain)
dependencies {
implementation(libs.ktor.network)
}
}
val darwinMain by creating {
dependsOn(nativeMain)
dependencies {
implementation(libs.ktor.client.darwin)
}
}
val iosMain by creating {
dependsOn(darwinMain)
}
val linuxMain by creating {
dependsOn(nativeMain)
dependencies {
implementation(libs.ktor.client.curl)
}
}
val macosMain by creating {
dependsOn(darwinMain)
}
val mingwMain by creating {
dependsOn(nativeMain)
dependencies {
implementation(libs.ktor.client.winhttp)
}
}
val commonTest by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(libs.kotlin.test)
implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.test)
}
}
val jvmTest by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(libs.testcontainers)
implementation(libs.testcontainers.postgresql)
}
}
val linuxTest by creating {
dependsOn(commonTest)
}
val iosX64Main by getting { dependsOn(iosMain) }
val iosArm64Main by getting { dependsOn(iosMain) }
val iosSimulatorArm64Main by getting { dependsOn(iosMain) }
val macosArm64Main by getting { dependsOn(macosMain) }
val mingwX64Main by getting { dependsOn(mingwMain) }
val linuxX64Main by getting { dependsOn(linuxMain) }
val linuxArm64Main by getting { dependsOn(linuxMain) }
val linuxX64Test by getting { dependsOn(linuxTest) }
val linuxArm64Test by getting { dependsOn(linuxTest) }
// JS: use runtime detection in jsMain to select Node vs Browser implementation
val jsMain by getting {
@ -205,13 +93,6 @@ kotlin {
api(libs.okio)
implementation(libs.okio.fakefilesystem)
implementation("com.squareup.okio:okio-nodefilesystem:${libs.versions.okioVersion.get()}")
implementation(libs.ktor.client.js)
}
}
val androidMain by getting {
dependencies {
implementation(libs.ktor.client.cio)
implementation(libs.ktor.network)
}
}
val jvmMain by getting {
@ -219,12 +100,6 @@ kotlin {
implementation(libs.mordant.jvm.jna)
implementation("org.jline:jline-reader:3.29.0")
implementation("org.jline:jline-terminal:3.29.0")
implementation(libs.ktor.client.cio)
implementation(libs.ktor.network)
implementation(libs.sqlite.jdbc)
implementation(libs.h2)
implementation(libs.postgresql)
implementation(libs.hikaricp)
}
}
// // For Wasm we use in-memory VFS for now
@ -237,10 +112,10 @@ kotlin {
}
}
abstract class GenerateLyngioDecls : DefaultTask() {
@get:InputDirectory
abstract class GenerateLyngioConsoleDecls : DefaultTask() {
@get:InputFile
@get:PathSensitive(PathSensitivity.RELATIVE)
abstract val sourceDir: DirectoryProperty
abstract val sourceFile: RegularFileProperty
@get:OutputDirectory
abstract val outputDir: DirectoryProperty
@ -250,9 +125,9 @@ abstract class GenerateLyngioDecls : DefaultTask() {
val targetPkg = "net.sergeych.lyngio.stdlib_included"
val pkgPath = targetPkg.replace('.', '/')
val targetDir = outputDir.get().asFile.resolve(pkgPath)
if (targetDir.exists()) targetDir.deleteRecursively()
targetDir.mkdirs()
val text = sourceFile.get().asFile.readText()
fun escapeForQuoted(s: String): String = buildString {
for (ch in s) when (ch) {
'\\' -> append("\\\\")
@ -267,39 +142,30 @@ abstract class GenerateLyngioDecls : DefaultTask() {
val out = buildString {
append("package ").append(targetPkg).append("\n\n")
append("@Suppress(\"Unused\", \"MemberVisibilityCanBePrivate\")\n")
sourceDir.get().asFile
.listFiles { file -> file.isFile && file.extension == "lyng" }
?.sortedBy { it.name }
?.forEach { file ->
val propertyName = buildString {
append(file.nameWithoutExtension)
append("Lyng")
}
append("internal val ").append(propertyName).append(" = \"")
append(escapeForQuoted(file.readText()))
append("\"\n")
}
append("internal val consoleLyng = \"")
append(escapeForQuoted(text))
append("\"\n")
}
targetDir.resolve("lyngio_types_lyng.generated.kt").writeText(out)
targetDir.resolve("console_types_lyng.generated.kt").writeText(out)
}
}
val lyngioDeclsDir = layout.projectDirectory.dir("stdlib/lyng/io")
val lyngioConsoleDeclsFile = layout.projectDirectory.file("stdlib/lyng/io/console.lyng")
val generatedLyngioDeclsDir = layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated/source/lyngioDecls/commonMain/kotlin")
val generateLyngioDecls by tasks.registering(GenerateLyngioDecls::class) {
sourceDir.set(lyngioDeclsDir)
val generateLyngioConsoleDecls by tasks.registering(GenerateLyngioConsoleDecls::class) {
sourceFile.set(lyngioConsoleDeclsFile)
outputDir.set(generatedLyngioDeclsDir)
}
kotlin.sourceSets.named("commonMain") {
kotlin.srcDir(generateLyngioDecls)
kotlin.srcDir(generateLyngioConsoleDecls)
}
kotlin.targets.configureEach {
compilations.configureEach {
compileTaskProvider.configure {
dependsOn(generateLyngioDecls)
dependsOn(generateLyngioConsoleDecls)
}
}
}

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