lyng/docs/time.md

155 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown

# Lyng time functions
Lyng date and time support requires importing `lyng.time` packages. Lyng uses simple yet modern time object models:
- `Instant` class for absolute time stamps with platform-dependent resolution.
- `DateTime` class for calendar-aware points in time within a specific time zone.
- `Duration` to represent amount of time not depending on the calendar (e.g., milliseconds, seconds).
## Time instant: `Instant`
Represent some moment of time not depending on the calendar. It is similar to `TIMESTAMP` in SQL or `Instant` in Kotlin.
### Constructing and converting
import lyng.time
// default constructor returns time now:
val t1 = Instant()
// constructing from a number is treated as seconds since unix epoch:
val t2 = Instant(1704110400) // 2024-01-01T12:00:00Z
// from RFC3339 string:
val t3 = Instant("2024-01-01T12:00:00.123456Z")
// truncation:
val t4 = t3.truncateToMinute
assertEquals(t4.toRFC3339(), "2024-01-01T12:00:00Z")
// to localized DateTime (uses system default TZ if not specified):
val dt = t3.toDateTime("+02:00")
assertEquals(dt.hour, 14)
### Instant members
| member | description |
|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| epochSeconds: Real | positive or negative offset in seconds since Unix epoch |
| epochWholeSeconds: Int | same, but in _whole seconds_. Slightly faster |
| nanosecondsOfSecond: Int | offset from epochWholeSeconds in nanos |
| isDistantFuture: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantFuture` |
| isDistantPast: Bool | true if it `Instant.distantPast` |
| truncateToMinute: Instant | create new instance truncated to minute |
| truncateToSecond: Instant | create new instance truncated to second |
| truncateToMillisecond: Instant | truncate new instance to millisecond |
| truncateToMicrosecond: Instant | truncate new instance to microsecond |
| toRFC3339(): String | format as RFC3339 string (UTC) |
| toDateTime(tz?): DateTime | localize to a TimeZone (ID string or offset seconds) |
## Calendar time: `DateTime`
`DateTime` represents a point in time in a specific timezone. It provides access to calendar components like year,
month, and day.
### Constructing
import lyng.time
// Current time in system default timezone
val now = DateTime.now()
// Specific timezone
val offsetTime = DateTime.now("+02:00")
// From Instant
val dt = Instant().toDateTime("Z")
// By components (year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, timeZone="UTC")
val dt2 = DateTime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, "Z")
// From RFC3339 string
val dt3 = DateTime.parseRFC3339("2024-01-01T12:00:00+02:00")
### DateTime members
| member | description |
|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| year: Int | year component |
| month: Int | month component (1..12) |
| day: Int | day of month (alias `dayOfMonth`) |
| hour: Int | hour component (0..23) |
| minute: Int | minute component (0..59) |
| second: Int | second component (0..59) |
| dayOfWeek: Int | day of week (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) |
| timeZone: String | timezone ID string |
| toInstant(): Instant | convert back to absolute Instant |
| toUTC(): DateTime | shortcut to convert to UTC |
| toTimeZone(tz): DateTime | convert to another timezone |
| addMonths(n): DateTime | add/subtract months (normalizes end of month) |
| addYears(n): DateTime | add/subtract years |
| toRFC3339(): String | format with timezone offset |
| static now(tz?): DateTime | create DateTime with current time |
| static parseRFC3339(s): DateTime | parse RFC3339 string |
### Arithmetic and normalization
`DateTime` handles calendar arithmetic correctly:
val leapDay = Instant("2024-02-29T12:00:00Z").toDateTime("Z")
val nextYear = leapDay.addYears(1)
assertEquals(nextYear.day, 28) // Feb 29, 2024 -> Feb 28, 2025
# `Duration` class
Represent absolute time distance between two `Instant`.
import lyng.time
val t1 = Instant()
// yes we can delay to period, and it is not blocking. is suspends!
delay(1.millisecond)
val t2 = Instant()
// be suspend, so actual time may vary:
assert( t2 - t1 >= 1.millisecond)
assert( t2 - t1 < 100.millisecond)
>>> void
Duration can be converted from numbers, like `5.minutes` and so on. Extensions are created for
`Int` and `Real`, so for n as Real or Int it is possible to create durations::
- `n.millisecond`, `n.milliseconds`
- `n.second`, `n.seconds`
- `n.minute`, `n.minutes`
- `n.hour`, `n.hours`
- `n.day`, `n.days`
The bigger time units like months or years are calendar-dependent and can't be used with `Duration`.
Each duration instance can be converted to number of any of these time units, as `Real` number, if `d` is a `Duration`
instance:
- `d.microseconds`
- `d.milliseconds`
- `d.seconds`
- `d.minutes`
- `d.hours`
- `d.days`
for example
import lyng.time
assertEquals( 60, 1.minute.seconds )
assertEquals( 10.milliseconds, 0.01.seconds )
>>> void
# Utility functions
## delay(duration: Duration)
Suspends current coroutine for at least the specified duration.