Add Lyng deferred cancellation support

docs/ai_stdlib_reference.md

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
 - Assertions/tests: `assert`, `assertEquals`/`assertEqual`, `assertNotEquals`, `assertThrows`.
 - Preconditions: `require`, `check`.
 - Async/concurrency: `launch`, `yield`, `flow`, `delay`.
+  - `Deferred.cancel()` cancels an active task.
+  - `Deferred.await()` throws `CancellationException` if that task was cancelled.
 - Math: `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, `sin`, `cos`, `tan`, `asin`, `acos`, `atan`, `sinh`, `cosh`, `tanh`, `asinh`, `acosh`, `atanh`, `exp`, `ln`, `log10`, `log2`, `pow`, `sqrt`, `abs`, `clamp`.
   - These helpers also accept `lyng.decimal.Decimal`.
   - Exact Decimal path today: `abs`, `floor`, `ceil`, `round`, and `pow` with integral exponent.
@@ -26,13 +28,14 @@ Sources: `lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt`, `lynglib/s
 - Collections/types: `Iterable`, `Iterator`, `Collection`, `Array`, `List`, `ImmutableList`, `Set`, `ImmutableSet`, `Map`, `ImmutableMap`, `MapEntry`, `Range`, `RingBuffer`.
 - Random: singleton `Random` and class `SeededRandom`.
 - Async types: `Deferred`, `CompletableDeferred`, `Mutex`, `Flow`, `FlowBuilder`.
+- Async exception: `CancellationException`.
 - Delegation types: `Delegate`, `DelegateContext`.
 - Regex types: `Regex`, `RegexMatch`.
 - Also present: `Math.PI` namespace constant.
 
 ## 4. `lyng.stdlib` Module Surface (from `root.lyng`)
 ### 4.1 Extern class declarations
-- Exceptions/delegation base: `Exception`, `IllegalArgumentException`, `NotImplementedException`, `Delegate`.
+- Exceptions/delegation base: `Exception`, `CancellationException`, `IllegalArgumentException`, `NotImplementedException`, `Delegate`.
 - Collections and iterables: `Iterable<T>`, `Iterator<T>`, `Collection<T>`, `Array<T>`, `List<T>`, `ImmutableList<T>`, `Set<T>`, `ImmutableSet<T>`, `Map<K,V>`, `ImmutableMap<K,V>`, `MapEntry<K,V>`, `RingBuffer<T>`.
 - Host iterator bridge: `KotlinIterator<T>`.
 - Random APIs: `extern object Random`, `extern class SeededRandom`.

docs/parallelism.md

@@ -32,10 +32,25 @@ Depending on the platform, these coroutines may be executed on different CPU and
     assert(xIsCalled)
     >>> void
 
-This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion and retrieve possible result.
+This example shows how to launch a coroutine with `launch` which returns [Deferred] instance, the latter have ways to await for the coroutine completion, cancel it if it is no longer needed, and retrieve possible result.
 
 Launch has the only argument which should be a callable (lambda usually) that is run in parallel (or cooperatively in parallel), and return anything as the result.
 
+If you no longer need the result, cancel the deferred. Awaiting a cancelled deferred throws `CancellationException`:
+
+    var reached = false
+    val work = launch {
+        delay(100)
+        reached = true
+        "ok"
+    }
+    work.cancel()
+    assertThrows(CancellationException) { work.await() }
+    assert(work.isCancelled)
+    assert(!work.isActive)
+    assert(!reached)
+    >>> void
+
 ## Synchronization: Mutex
 
 Suppose we have a resource, that could be used concurrently, a counter in our case. If we won't protect it, concurrent usage cause RC, Race Condition, providing wrong result:

examples/free_fall.lyng

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ fun calculateDepth(
 
         h = hNew
         iter++
+        println("iter: $iter: $h")
     }
 
     // Не сошлось за maxIter
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ val d = 0.1      // м (10 см)
 
 val depth = calculateDepth(T, m, d)
 if (depth != null) {
-    println("Глубина: %.2f м".format(depth))
+    println("Глубина: %.2f м"(depth))
 } else {
     println("Расчёт не сошёлся")
 }

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Compiler.kt

@@ -343,6 +343,73 @@ class Compiler(
             }
             return t
         }
+        fun handleTopLevelKeyword(keyword: Token): Boolean {
+            when (keyword.value) {
+                "fun", "fn" -> {
+                    val nameToken = nextNonWs()
+                    if (nameToken.type != Token.Type.ID) return true
+                    val afterName = cc.peekNextNonWhitespace()
+                    if (afterName.type == Token.Type.DOT) {
+                        cc.nextNonWhitespace()
+                        val actual = cc.nextNonWhitespace()
+                        if (actual.type == Token.Type.ID) {
+                            extensionNames.add(actual.value)
+                            registerExtensionName(nameToken.value, actual.value)
+                            declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionCallableName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                            moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionCallableName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
+                        }
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                    moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                    return true
+                }
+                "val", "var" -> {
+                    val nameToken = nextNonWs()
+                    if (nameToken.type != Token.Type.ID) return true
+                    val afterName = cc.peekNextNonWhitespace()
+                    if (afterName.type == Token.Type.DOT) {
+                        cc.nextNonWhitespace()
+                        val actual = cc.nextNonWhitespace()
+                        if (actual.type == Token.Type.ID) {
+                            extensionNames.add(actual.value)
+                            registerExtensionName(nameToken.value, actual.value)
+                            declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionPropertyGetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                            moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionPropertyGetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
+                            if (keyword.value == "var") {
+                                declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionPropertySetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                                moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionPropertySetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = keyword.value == "var", isDelegated = false)
+                    moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                    predeclaredTopLevelValueNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                    return true
+                }
+                "class", "object" -> {
+                    val nameToken = nextNonWs()
+                    if (nameToken.type == Token.Type.ID) {
+                        declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                        scopeSeedNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                        moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                    }
+                    return true
+                }
+                "enum" -> {
+                    val next = nextNonWs()
+                    val nameToken = if (next.type == Token.Type.ID && next.value == "class") nextNonWs() else next
+                    if (nameToken.type == Token.Type.ID) {
+                        declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
+                        scopeSeedNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                        moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
+                    }
+                    return true
+                }
+            }
+            return false
+        }
         try {
             while (cc.hasNext()) {
                 val t = cc.next()
@@ -355,66 +422,11 @@ class Compiler(
                     Token.Type.RBRACKET -> if (bracketDepth > 0) bracketDepth--
                     Token.Type.ID -> if (depth == 0) {
                         if (parenDepth > 0 || bracketDepth > 0) continue
-                        when (t.value) {
+                        if (t.value == "extern") {
-                            "fun", "fn" -> {
+                            handleTopLevelKeyword(nextNonWs())
-                                val nameToken = nextNonWs()
+                            continue
-                                if (nameToken.type != Token.Type.ID) continue
-                                val afterName = cc.peekNextNonWhitespace()
-                                if (afterName.type == Token.Type.DOT) {
-                                    cc.nextNonWhitespace()
-                                    val actual = cc.nextNonWhitespace()
-                                    if (actual.type == Token.Type.ID) {
-                                        extensionNames.add(actual.value)
-                                        registerExtensionName(nameToken.value, actual.value)
-                                        declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionCallableName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                        moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionCallableName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
-                                    }
-                                    continue
-                                }
-                                declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                            }
-                            "val", "var" -> {
-                                val nameToken = nextNonWs()
-                                if (nameToken.type != Token.Type.ID) continue
-                                val afterName = cc.peekNextNonWhitespace()
-                                if (afterName.type == Token.Type.DOT) {
-                                    cc.nextNonWhitespace()
-                                    val actual = cc.nextNonWhitespace()
-                                    if (actual.type == Token.Type.ID) {
-                                        extensionNames.add(actual.value)
-                                        registerExtensionName(nameToken.value, actual.value)
-                                        declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionPropertyGetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                        moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionPropertyGetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
-                                        if (t.value == "var") {
-                                            declareSlotNameIn(plan, extensionPropertySetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value), isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                            moduleDeclaredNames.add(extensionPropertySetterName(nameToken.value, actual.value))
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                    continue
-                                }
-                                declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = t.value == "var", isDelegated = false)
-                                moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                                predeclaredTopLevelValueNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                            }
-                            "class", "object" -> {
-                                val nameToken = nextNonWs()
-                                if (nameToken.type == Token.Type.ID) {
-                                    declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                    scopeSeedNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                                    moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                                }
-                            }
-                            "enum" -> {
-                                val next = nextNonWs()
-                                val nameToken = if (next.type == Token.Type.ID && next.value == "class") nextNonWs() else next
-                                if (nameToken.type == Token.Type.ID) {
-                                    declareSlotNameIn(plan, nameToken.value, isMutable = false, isDelegated = false)
-                                    scopeSeedNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                                    moduleDeclaredNames.add(nameToken.value)
-                                }
-                            }
                         }
+                        handleTopLevelKeyword(t)
                     }
                     else -> {}
                 }
@@ -1296,23 +1308,11 @@ class Compiler(
             }
         }
         if (seedRecord != null) {
-            val value = seedRecord.value
+            seedImportTypeMetadata(name, seedRecord)
-            if (!nameObjClass.containsKey(name)) {
-                when (value) {
-                    is ObjClass -> nameObjClass[name] = value
-                    is ObjInstance -> nameObjClass[name] = value.objClass
-                }
-            }
             return ImportBindingResolution(ImportBinding(name, ImportBindingSource.Seed), seedRecord)
         }
         if (rootRecord != null) {
-            val value = rootRecord.value
+            seedImportTypeMetadata(name, rootRecord)
-            if (!nameObjClass.containsKey(name)) {
-                when (value) {
-                    is ObjClass -> nameObjClass[name] = value
-                    is ObjInstance -> nameObjClass[name] = value.objClass
-                }
-            }
             return ImportBindingResolution(ImportBinding(name, ImportBindingSource.Root), rootRecord)
         }
         if (moduleMatches.isEmpty()) return null
@@ -1327,13 +1327,7 @@ class Compiler(
                 val candidates = byOrigin[origin] ?: mutableListOf()
                 val preferred = candidates.firstOrNull { it.first.scope.packageName == origin } ?: candidates.first()
                 val binding = ImportBinding(name, ImportBindingSource.Module(origin, preferred.first.pos))
-                val value = preferred.second.value
+                seedImportTypeMetadata(name, preferred.second)
-                if (!nameObjClass.containsKey(name)) {
-                    when (value) {
-                        is ObjClass -> nameObjClass[name] = value
-                        is ObjInstance -> nameObjClass[name] = value.objClass
-                    }
-                }
                 return ImportBindingResolution(binding, preferred.second)
             }
             val moduleNames = moduleMatches.keys.toList()
@@ -1341,14 +1335,24 @@ class Compiler(
         }
         val (module, record) = moduleMatches.values.first()
         val binding = ImportBinding(name, ImportBindingSource.Module(module.scope.packageName, module.pos))
-        val value = record.value
+        seedImportTypeMetadata(name, record)
+        return ImportBindingResolution(binding, record)
+    }
+
+    private fun seedImportTypeMetadata(name: String, record: ObjRecord) {
+        if (record.typeDecl != null && nameTypeDecl[name] == null) {
+            nameTypeDecl[name] = record.typeDecl
+        }
         if (!nameObjClass.containsKey(name)) {
-            when (value) {
+            record.typeDecl?.let { resolveTypeDeclObjClass(it) }?.let {
+                nameObjClass[name] = it
+                return
+            }
+            when (val value = record.value) {
                 is ObjClass -> nameObjClass[name] = value
                 is ObjInstance -> nameObjClass[name] = value.objClass
             }
         }
-        return ImportBindingResolution(binding, record)
     }
 
     private fun collectModuleRecordMatches(
@@ -4336,14 +4340,19 @@ class Compiler(
             is MapLiteralRef -> inferMapLiteralTypeDecl(ref)
             is ConstRef -> inferTypeDeclFromConst(ref.constValue)
             is CallRef -> {
+                val targetDecl = resolveReceiverTypeDecl(ref.target)
                 val targetName = when (val target = ref.target) {
                     is LocalVarRef -> target.name
                     is FastLocalVarRef -> target.name
                     is LocalSlotRef -> target.name
                     else -> null
                 }
+                if (targetDecl is TypeDecl.Function) {
+                    return targetDecl.returnType
+                }
                 if (targetName != null) {
                     callableReturnTypeDeclByName[targetName]?.let { return it }
+                    (seedTypeDeclByName(targetName) as? TypeDecl.Function)?.let { return it.returnType }
                 }
                 inferCallReturnClass(ref)?.let { TypeDecl.Simple(it.className, false) }
                     ?: run {
@@ -4677,6 +4686,17 @@ class Compiler(
         return null
     }
 
+    private fun lookupLocalTypeDeclByName(name: String): TypeDecl? {
+        val slotLoc = lookupSlotLocation(name, includeModule = true) ?: return null
+        return slotTypeDeclByScopeId[slotLoc.scopeId]?.get(slotLoc.slot)
+    }
+
+    private fun lookupLocalObjClassByName(name: String): ObjClass? {
+        val slotLoc = lookupSlotLocation(name, includeModule = true) ?: return null
+        return slotTypeByScopeId[slotLoc.scopeId]?.get(slotLoc.slot)
+            ?: slotTypeDeclByScopeId[slotLoc.scopeId]?.get(slotLoc.slot)?.let { resolveTypeDeclObjClass(it) }
+    }
+
     private fun resolveReceiverTypeDecl(ref: ObjRef): TypeDecl? {
         return when (ref) {
             is LocalSlotRef -> {
@@ -4686,8 +4706,12 @@ class Compiler(
                     ?: nameTypeDecl[ref.name]
                     ?: seedTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
             }
-            is LocalVarRef -> nameTypeDecl[ref.name] ?: seedTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
+            is LocalVarRef -> nameTypeDecl[ref.name]
-            is FastLocalVarRef -> nameTypeDecl[ref.name] ?: seedTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
+                ?: lookupLocalTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
+                ?: seedTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
+            is FastLocalVarRef -> nameTypeDecl[ref.name]
+                ?: lookupLocalTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
+                ?: seedTypeDeclByName(ref.name)
             is FieldRef -> {
                 val targetDecl = resolveReceiverTypeDecl(ref.target) ?: return null
                 val targetClass = resolveTypeDeclObjClass(targetDecl) ?: resolveReceiverClassForMember(ref.target)
@@ -4733,11 +4757,13 @@ class Compiler(
             is LocalVarRef -> nameObjClass[ref.name]
                 ?.takeIf { it == ObjDynamic.type }
                 ?: nameObjClass[ref.name]
+                ?: lookupLocalObjClassByName(ref.name)
                 ?: nameTypeDecl[ref.name]?.let { resolveTypeDeclObjClass(it) }
                 ?: resolveClassByName(ref.name)
             is FastLocalVarRef -> nameObjClass[ref.name]
                 ?.takeIf { it == ObjDynamic.type }
                 ?: nameObjClass[ref.name]
+                ?: lookupLocalObjClassByName(ref.name)
                 ?: nameTypeDecl[ref.name]?.let { resolveTypeDeclObjClass(it) }
                 ?: resolveClassByName(ref.name)
             is ClassScopeMemberRef -> {
@@ -9056,7 +9082,10 @@ class Compiler(
         val effectiveEqToken = if (isProperty) null else eqToken
 
         // Register the local name at compile time so that subsequent identifiers can be emitted as fast locals
-        if (!isStatic && declaringClassNameCaptured == null && !actualExtern) declareLocalName(name, isMutable)
+        val isTopLevelExtern = actualExtern && declaringClassNameCaptured == null && slotPlanStack.size == 1
+        if (!isStatic && declaringClassNameCaptured == null && (!actualExtern || isTopLevelExtern)) {
+            declareLocalName(name, isMutable)
+        }
         val declKind = if (codeContexts.lastOrNull() is CodeContext.ClassBody) {
             SymbolKind.MEMBER
         } else {

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Script.kt

@@ -395,9 +395,20 @@ class Script(
                 requireExactCount(2)
                 decimalAwarePow(args[0], args[1])
             }
-            addFn("sqrt") {
+            addItem(
-                decimalAwareUnaryMath(args.firstAndOnly(), fallback = ::sqrt)
+                "sqrt",
-            }
+                false,
+                ObjExternCallable.fromBridge {
+                    decimalAwareUnaryMath(args.firstAndOnly(), fallback = ::sqrt)
+                },
+                recordType = ObjRecord.Type.Fun,
+                typeDecl = TypeDecl.Function(
+                    receiver = null,
+                    params = listOf(TypeDecl.TypeAny),
+                    returnType = TypeDecl.Simple("Real", false),
+                    nullable = false
+                )
+            )
             addFn("abs") {
                 val x = args.firstAndOnly()
                 if (x is ObjInt) ObjInt(x.value.absoluteValue)

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/miniast/BuiltinDocRegistry.kt

@@ -540,7 +540,8 @@ private fun buildStdlibDocs(): List<MiniDecl> {
 
     // Concurrency helpers
     mod.classDoc(name = "Deferred", doc = "Represents a value that will be available in the future.", bases = listOf(type("Obj"))) {
-        method(name = "await", doc = "Suspend until the value is available and return it.")
+        method(name = "cancel", doc = "Cancel the deferred if it is still active.")
+        method(name = "await", doc = "Suspend until the value is available and return it. Throws `CancellationException` if cancelled.")
     }
     mod.funDoc(
         name = "launch",

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/obj/ObjDeferred.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package net.sergeych.lyng.obj
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Deferred
+import kotlin.coroutines.cancellation.CancellationException as KotlinCancellationException
 import net.sergeych.lyng.Scope
 import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.addFnDoc
 import net.sergeych.lyng.miniast.addPropertyDoc
@@ -33,12 +34,27 @@ open class ObjDeferred(val deferred: Deferred<Obj>): Obj() {
                 scope.raiseError("Deferred constructor is not directly callable")
             }
         }.apply {
+            addFnDoc(
+                name = "cancel",
+                doc = "Cancel this deferred if it is still active. Safe to call multiple times.",
+                returns = type("lyng.Void"),
+                moduleName = "lyng.stdlib"
+            ) {
+                thisAs<ObjDeferred>().deferred.cancel()
+                ObjVoid
+            }
             addFnDoc(
                 name = "await",
-                doc = "Suspend until completion and return the result value (or throw if failed).",
+                doc = "Suspend until completion and return the result value. Throws `CancellationException` if cancelled.",
                 returns = type("lyng.Any"),
                 moduleName = "lyng.stdlib"
-            ) { thisAs<ObjDeferred>().deferred.await() }
+            ) {
+                try {
+                    thisAs<ObjDeferred>().deferred.await()
+                } catch (e: KotlinCancellationException) {
+                    requireScope().raiseError(ObjCancellationException(requireScope(), e.message ?: "Deferred was cancelled"))
+                }
+            }
             addPropertyDoc(
                 name = "isCompleted",
                 doc = "Whether this deferred has completed (successfully or with an error).",
@@ -66,4 +82,3 @@ open class ObjDeferred(val deferred: Deferred<Obj>): Obj() {
         }
     }
 }
-

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/obj/ObjException.kt

@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ open class ObjException(
                 "AssertionFailedException",
                 "ClassCastException",
                 "IndexOutOfBoundsException",
+                "CancellationException",
                 "IllegalArgumentException",
                 "IllegalStateException",
                 "NoSuchElementException",
@@ -311,6 +312,9 @@ class ObjClassCastException(scope: Scope, message: String) : ObjException("Class
 class ObjIndexOutOfBoundsException(scope: Scope, message: String = "index out of bounds") :
     ObjException("IndexOutOfBoundsException", scope, message)
 
+class ObjCancellationException(scope: Scope, message: String = "cancelled") :
+    ObjException("CancellationException", scope, message)
+
 class ObjIllegalArgumentException(scope: Scope, message: String = "illegal argument") :
     ObjException("IllegalArgumentException", scope, message)
 

lynglib/src/commonTest/kotlin/CoroutinesTest.kt

@@ -58,6 +58,30 @@ class TestCoroutines {
         )
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testDeferredCancel() = runTest {
+        eval(
+            """
+            var reached = false
+            val d = launch {
+                delay(100)
+                reached = true
+                "ok"
+            }
+
+            d.cancel()
+            d.cancel()
+            assertThrows(CancellationException) { d.await() }
+
+            delay(150)
+
+            assert(d.isCancelled)
+            assert(!d.isActive)
+            assert(!reached)
+        """.trimIndent()
+        )
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testMutex() = runTest {
         eval(

lynglib/src/commonTest/kotlin/LocalRealMemberInferenceRegressionTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 Sergey S. Chernov real.sergeych@gmail.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import net.sergeych.lyng.eval
+import net.sergeych.lyng.obj.ObjBool
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+class LocalRealMemberInferenceRegressionTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun sqrtInitializedLocalVarKeepsRealReceiverTypeForMembers() = runTest {
+        val result = eval(
+            """
+            fun probe(T: Real, c: Real, g: Real): Bool {
+                fun passthrough(h: Real): Real = h / c
+
+                val term = 1.0 + g * T / c
+                val sqrtTerm = sqrt(1.0 + 2.0 * g * T / c)
+                assert(sqrtTerm is Real)
+                assert(!sqrtTerm.isNaN())
+                var h = (c * c / g) * (term - sqrtTerm)
+                assert(passthrough(h) >= 0.0)
+                assert(h is Real)
+                !h.isNaN()
+            }
+
+            probe(6.0, 340.0, 9.81)
+            """.trimIndent()
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(ObjBool(true), result)
+    }
+}

lynglib/src/commonTest/kotlin/ScriptTest.kt

@@ -5576,7 +5576,7 @@ class ScriptTest {
             
             val depth = calculateDepth(T, m, d)
             if (depth != null) {
-                println("Глубина: %.2f м".format(depth))
+                println("Глубина: %.2f м"(depth))
             } else {
                 println("Расчёт не сошёлся")
             }

lynglib/stdlib/lyng/root.lyng

@@ -1,11 +1,48 @@
 package lyng.stdlib
 
+/* Launch `code` asynchronously and return its result handle. */
+extern fun launch(code): Deferred
+/* Yield execution so other scheduled coroutines can run. */
+extern fun yield(): void
+/* Build a lazy asynchronous sequence. */
 extern fun flow(builder: FlowBuilder.()->void): Flow
 
 /* Built-in exception type. */
 extern class Exception
 extern class IllegalArgumentException
 extern class NotImplementedException
+/* Raised when an awaited asynchronous task was cancelled before producing a value. */
+extern class CancellationException : Exception
+
+/* A handle to a running asynchronous task. */
+extern class Deferred {
+    /* Cancel the task if it is still active. Safe to call multiple times. */
+    fun cancel(): void
+    /* Suspend until the task finishes and return its value.
+       Throws `CancellationException` if the task was cancelled. */
+    fun await(): Object
+    /* True when the task has finished, failed, or otherwise reached a terminal state. */
+    val isCompleted: Bool
+    /* True while the task is still running and has not been cancelled. */
+    val isActive: Bool
+    /* True when the task was cancelled. */
+    val isCancelled: Bool
+}
+
+/* A deferred result that can be completed manually. */
+extern class CompletableDeferred : Deferred {
+    fun complete(value: Object): void
+}
+
+/* Receiver passed into `flow { ... }` builders. */
+extern class FlowBuilder {
+    fun emit(value: Object): void
+}
+
+/* A cold asynchronous iterable sequence. */
+extern class Flow<T> : Iterable<T> {
+}
+
 extern class Delegate
 extern class Iterable<T> {
     fun iterator(): Iterator<T>
@@ -87,7 +124,7 @@ extern class MapEntry<K,V> : Array<Object> {
 extern fun abs(x: Object): Object
 extern fun ln(x: Object): Object
 extern fun pow(x: Object, y: Object): Object
-extern fun sqrt(x: Object): Object
+extern fun sqrt(x: Object): Real
 extern fun clamp<T>(value: T, range: Range<T>): T
 
 class SeededRandom {