extension methids

docs/OOP.md

@@ -160,6 +160,40 @@ For example, for our class Point:
     Point(1,1+1)
     >>> Point(x=1,y=2)
 
+# Extending classes
+
+It sometimes happen that the class is missing some particular functionality that can be _added to it_ without rewriting its inner logic and using its private state. In this case _extension methods_ could be used, for example. we want to create an extension method
+that would test if some object of unknown type contains something that can be interpreted
+as an integer. In this case we _extend_ class `Object`, as it is the parent class for any instance of any type:
+
+        fun Object.isInteger() {
+            when(this) {
+                // already Int?
+                is Int -> true
+
+                // real, but with no declimal part?
+                is Real -> toInt() == this
+
+                // string with int or real reuusig code above
+                is String -> toReal().isInteger()
+                
+                // otherwise, no:
+                else -> false
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Let's test:        
+        assert( 12.isInteger() == true )
+        assert( 12.1.isInteger() == false )
+        assert( "5".isInteger() )
+        assert( ! "5.2".isInteger() )
+        >>> void
+
+__Important note__ as for version 0.6.9, extensions are in __global scope__. It means, that once applied to a global type (Int in our sample), they will be available for _all_ contexts, even new created, 
+as they are modifying the type, not the context.
+
+Beware of it. We might need to reconsider it later.
+
 # Theory
 
 ## Basic principles:

docs/Real.md

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ you can use it's class to ensure type:
 
 ## Member functions
 
-| name            | meaning                            | type |
-|-----------------|------------------------------------|------|
-| `.roundToInt()` | round to nearest int like round(x) | Int  |
-|                 |                                    |      |
-|                 |                                    |      |
-|                 |                                    |      |
-|                 |                                    |      |
-|                 |                                    |      |
+| name            | meaning                                                     | type |
+|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------|
+| `.roundToInt()` | round to nearest int like round(x)                          | Int  |
+| `.toInt()`      | convert integer part of real to `Int` dropping decimal part | Int  |
+|                 |                                                             |      |
+|                 |                                                             |      |
+|                 |                                                             |      |
+|                 |                                                             |      |

docs/tutorial.md

@@ -1214,6 +1214,9 @@ Typical set of String functions includes:
 | [Range]            | substring at range                                         |
 | s1 + s2            | concatenation                                              |
 | s1 += s2           | self-modifying concatenation                               |
+| toReal()           | attempts to parse string as a Real value                   |
+|                    |                                                            |
+|                    |                                                            |
 
 
 

lynglib/build.gradle.kts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.ExperimentalWasmDsl
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
 
 group = "net.sergeych"
-version = "0.6.8-SNAPSHOT"
+version = "0.6.9-SNAPSHOT"
 
 buildscript {
     repositories {

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Compiler.kt

@@ -1432,11 +1432,22 @@ class Compiler(
     ): Statement {
         var t = cc.next()
         val start = t.pos
-        val name = if (t.type != Token.Type.ID)
-            throw ScriptError(t.pos, "Expected identifier after 'fn'")
+        var extTypeName: String? = null
+        var name = if (t.type != Token.Type.ID)
+            throw ScriptError(t.pos, "Expected identifier after 'fun'")
         else t.value
 
         t = cc.next()
+        // Is extension?
+        if( t.type == Token.Type.DOT) {
+           extTypeName = name
+           t = cc.next()
+           if( t.type != Token.Type.ID)
+               throw ScriptError(t.pos, "illegal extension format: expected function name")
+            name = t.value
+            t = cc.next()
+        }
+
         if (t.type != Token.Type.LPAREN)
             throw ScriptError(t.pos, "Bad function definition: expected '(' after 'fn ${name}'")
 
@@ -1465,13 +1476,25 @@ class Compiler(
 
             // load params from caller context
             argsDeclaration.assignToContext(context, callerContext.args, defaultAccessType = AccessType.Val)
+            if( extTypeName != null ) {
+                context.thisObj = callerContext.thisObj
+            }
             fnStatements.execute(context)
         }
         return statement(start) { context ->
             // we added fn in the context. now we must save closure
             // for the function
             closure = context
-            context.addItem(name, false, fnBody, visibility)
+            extTypeName?.let { typeName ->
+                // class extension method
+                val type = context.get(typeName)?.value ?: context.raiseSymbolNotFound("class $typeName not found")
+                if( type !is ObjClass ) context.raiseClassCastError("$typeName is not the class instance")
+                type.addFn( name, isOpen = true) {
+                    fnBody.execute(this)
+                }
+            }
+                // regular function/method
+                ?: context.addItem(name, false, fnBody, visibility)
             // as the function can be called from anywhere, we have
             // saved the proper context in the closure
             fnBody

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/Context.kt

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ open class Context(
         else {
             objects[name]
                 ?: parent?.get(name)
+                ?: thisObj.objClass.getInstanceMemberOrNull(name)
         }
 
     fun copy(pos: Pos, args: Arguments = Arguments.EMPTY, newThisObj: Obj? = null): Context =

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/ObjReal.kt

@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ data class ObjReal(val value: Double) : Obj(), Numeric {
                     (it.thisObj as ObjReal).value.roundToLong().toObj()
                 },
             )
+            addFn("toInt") {
+                ObjInt(thisAs<ObjReal>().value.toLong())
+            }
         }
     }
 }

lynglib/src/commonMain/kotlin/net/sergeych/lyng/ObjString.kt

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ data class ObjString(val value: String) : Obj() {
                 thisAs<ObjString>().value.uppercase().let(::ObjString)
             }
             addFn("size") { ObjInt(thisAs<ObjString>().value.length.toLong()) }
+            addFn("toReal") { ObjReal(thisAs<ObjString>().value.toDouble())}
         }
     }
 }

lynglib/src/commonTest/kotlin/ScriptTest.kt

@@ -2284,4 +2284,31 @@ class ScriptTest {
 
         """.trimIndent())
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testExtend() = runTest() {
+        eval("""
+            
+            fun Int.isEven() {
+                this % 2 == 0
+            }
+            
+            fun Object.isInteger() {
+                when(this) {
+                    is Int -> true
+                    is Real -> toInt() == this
+                    is String -> toReal().isInteger()
+                    else -> false
+                }
+            }
+            
+            assert( 4.isEven() )
+            assert( !5.isEven() )
+            
+            assert( 12.isInteger() == true )
+            assert( 12.1.isInteger() == false )
+            assert( "5".isInteger() )
+            assert( ! "5.2".isInteger() )
+        """.trimIndent())
+    }
 }